NEW (2007) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 09/07/2006) TOTAL 2007 NEW DESCRIPTORS = 494 Note eight new Descriptors added mid-year in 2006 MeSH: MH - Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype MH - Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype 2007 New Descriptors: MH - 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles UI - D053799 MN - D2.886.640.74 MN - D3.383.725.24 MN - D3.438.103.34 MS - Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. HN - 2007 MH - 4-1BB Ligand UI - D053330 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.65 MN - D12.644.276.972.65 MN - D12.776.395.192 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.65 MN - D12.776.467.972.65 MN - D12.776.543.550.194 MN - D23.529.374.750.65 MN - D23.529.972.65 MS - A membrane bound member of the TNF superfamily that is expressed on activated B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; and DENDRITIC CELLS. The ligand is specific for the 4-1BB RECEPTOR and may play a role in inducing the proliferation of activated peripheral blood T-LYMPHOCYTES. HN - 2007(1998) BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 9 MH - Adipocytes, Brown UI - D052437 MN - A11.329.114.249 MS - Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed MITOCHONDRIA. They contain numerous small lipid droplets or vacuoles. Their stored lipids can be converted directly to energy as heat by the mitochondria. HN - 2007 MH - Adipocytes, White UI - D052438 MN - A11.329.114.500 MS - Fat cells with light coloration and few MITOCHONDRIA. They contain a scant ring of CYTOPLASM surrounding a single large lipid droplet or vacuole. HN - 2007 MH - Adipose Tissue, White UI - D052436 MN - A10.165.114.830 MS - Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy. HN - 2007 BX - White Fat MH - Adrenomedullin UI - D053607 MN - D6.472.699.77 MN - D12.644.548.17 MS - A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion. HN - 2007 (1993) MH - Adult Stem Cells UI - D053687 MN - A11.872.40 MS - Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults. HN - 2007 MH - Aggrecans UI - D053674 MN - D9.698.735.830.500 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.500 MN - D12.776.503.280.30 MN - D12.776.860.300.140 MS - Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces. HN - 2007(1990) MH - Ailuridae UI - D053822 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.50 MS - A family in the suborder Caniformia, Order CARNIVORA, comprised of one genus Ailurus, the lesser pandas. AN - note X ref PANDAS, LESSER: PANDAS, GIANT and PANDAS, GREATER see URSIDAE is also available HN - 2007; for AILURUS use PROCYONIDAE 1998-2006; for PANDAS, LESSER use CARNIVORA 1997-2004 BX - Ailurus BX - Pandas, Lesser MH - Alcanivoraceae UI - D053521 MN - B3.660.250.19 MS - A family of halophilic bacteria in the order Oceanospirillales. Its principal carbon and energy sources are linear-chain ALKANES and their derivatives. HN - 2007; for ALCANIVORAX use HALOMONADACEAE 2004-2007 BX - Alcanivorax BX - Fundibacter MH - Allostasis UI - D052636 MN - G4.185.57.500.274 MS - Biological adaptation, such as the rise of EPINEPHRINE in response to exercise, stress or perceived danger, followed by a fall of epinephrine during RELAXATION. Allostasis is the achievement of stability by turning on and turning off the allostatic systems including the IMMUNE SYSTEM; the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM and NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS. HN - 2007 BX - Allostatic Load FX - Adaptation, Psychological MH - Alphapapillomavirus UI - D052685 MN - B4.280.535.50 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.50 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.50 MN - B4.909.624.50 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE. They preferentially infect the anogenital and ORAL MUCOSA in humans and primates, causing both malignant and benign neoplasms. Cutaneous lesions are also seen. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; consider also WARTS HN - 2007 MH - Amdovirus UI - D052659 MN - B4.280.580.650.40 MN - B4.909.204.671.650.40 MS - A genus in the subfamily PARVOVIRINAE consisting of a single species ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or index ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE if specified in text HN - 2007 MH - Amelogenin UI - D053523 MN - D12.776.231.500 MS - A major dental enamel-forming protein found in mammals. In humans the protein is encoded by GENES found on both the X CHROMOSOME and the Y CHROMOSOME. HN - 2007(1980) BX - Amelogenins MH - Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases UI - D053829 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.32 MS - Endopeptidases that are specific for AMYLOID PROTEIN PRECURSOR. Three secretase subtypes referred to as alpha, beta, and gamma have been identified based upon the region of amyloid protein precursor they cleave. HN - 2007(1992) MH - Analytic Sample Preparation Methods UI - D053000 MN - E5.842 MS - Use of various chemical separation and extraction methods, such as SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; and SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; to prepare samples for analytical measurement of components. HN - 2007 FX - Histocytological Preparation Techniques MH - Animal Nutrition Sciences UI - D053180 MN - G2.533.124 MS - The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES, as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease in animals. AN - discipline only; ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY is available for physiologic aspects of animal nutrition HN - 2007 BX - Nutritional Sciences, Animal BX - Veterinary Nutrition Sciences MH - Antigens, CD137 UI - D053261 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.220 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.237 MN - D23.101.100.110.237 MS - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007(1993) BX - 4-1BB Receptors BX - CD137 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9 MH - Antigens, CD70 UI - D053282 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.30 MN - D12.644.276.972.30 MN - D12.776.395.92 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.30 MN - D12.776.467.972.30 MN - D12.776.543.550.172 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.170 MN - D23.101.100.110.170 MN - D23.529.374.750.30 MN - D23.529.972.30 MS - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. HN - 2007(1993) BX - CD70 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 7 MH - Apolipoprotein B-100 UI - D053299 MN - D10.532.91.300.249 MN - D12.776.70.400.300.249 MN - D12.776.521.120.300.249 MS - A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles. HN - 2007 (1983) MH - Apolipoprotein B-48 UI - D053283 MN - D10.532.91.300.240 MN - D12.776.70.400.300.240 MN - D12.776.521.120.300.240 MS - A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region. HN - 2007 (1983) MH - Apolipoprotein C-I UI - D053302 MN - D10.532.91.400.500 MN - D12.776.70.400.400.500 MN - D12.776.521.120.400.500 MS - A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Apo C-I displaces APO E from lipoproteins, modulate their binding to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL), and thereby decrease their clearance from plasma. Elevated Apo C-I levels are associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA and ATHEROSCLEROSIS. HN - 2007; use APOLIPOPROTEIN C-I (NM) 1979-2006 MH - Apolipoprotein C-II UI - D053304 MN - D10.532.91.400.750 MN - D12.776.70.400.400.750 MN - D12.776.521.120.400.750 MS - A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and activates several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of Apo C-II with plasma CHYLOMICRONS; VLDL, and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS is reversible and changes rapidly as a function of triglyceride metabolism. Clinically, Apo C-II deficiency is similar to lipoprotein lipase deficiency (HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I) and is therefore called hyperlipoproteinemia type IB. HN - 2007; use APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (NM) 1978-2006 MH - Apolipoprotein C-III UI - D053305 MN - D10.532.91.400.875 MN - D12.776.70.400.400.875 MN - D12.776.521.120.400.875 MS - A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS. Apo C-III, synthesized in the liver, is an inhibitor of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Apo C-III modulates the binding of chylomicron remnants and VLDL to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) thus decreases the uptake of triglyceride-rich particles by the liver cells and subsequent degradation. The normal Apo C-III is glycosylated. There are several polymorphic forms with varying amounts of SIALIC ACID (Apo C-III-0, Apo C-III-1, and Apo C-III-2). HN - 2007; use APOLIPOPROTEIN C-III (NM) 1979-2006 MH - Apolipoprotein E2 UI - D053329 MN - D10.532.91.500.249 MN - D12.776.70.400.500.249 MN - D12.776.521.120.500.249 MS - One of three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E2 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at one residue 158 where arginine is replaced by cysteine (R158--C). In contrast to Apo E3, Apo E2 displays extremely low binding affinity for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) which mediate the internalization and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in liver cells. ApoE2 allelic homozygosity is associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III. HN - 2007 (1984) MH - Apolipoprotein E3 UI - D053318 MN - D10.532.91.500.500 MN - D12.776.70.400.500.500 MN - D12.776.521.120.500.500 MS - A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is also known as apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In human, Apo E3 is a 299-amino acid protein with a cysteine at the 112 and an arginine at the 158 position. It is involved with the transport of TRIGLYCERIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and CHOLESTERYL ESTERS in and out of the cells. HN - 2007 (1981) MH - Apolipoprotein E4 UI - D053327 MN - D10.532.91.500.750 MN - D12.776.70.400.500.750 MN - D12.776.521.120.500.750 MS - A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at only one residue 112 (cysteine is replaced by arginine), and exhibits a lower resistance to denaturation and greater propensity to form folded intermediates. Apo E4 is a risk factor for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. HN - 2007 (1982) MH - Apolipoproteins D UI - D053399 MN - D10.532.91.450 MN - D12.776.70.400.450 MN - D12.776.521.120.450 MS - A glycoprotein component of HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN that transports small hydrophobic ligands including CHOLESTEROL and STEROLS. It occurs in the macromolecular complex with LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. Apo D is expressed in and secreted from a variety of tissues such as liver, placenta, brain tissue and others. HN - 2007 MH - Apoprotein(a) UI - D053241 MN - D10.532.350.500 MN - D12.776.521.400.500 MS - A large and highly glycosylated protein constituent of LIPOPROTEIN (A). It has very little affinity for lipids but forms disulfide-linkage to APOLIPOPROTEIN B100. Apoprotein(a) has SERINE PROTEINASE activity and can be of varying sizes from 400- to 800-kDa. It is homologous to PLASMINOGEN and is known to modulate THROMBOSIS and FIBRINOLYSIS. AN - do not confuse with APOLIPOPROTEINS A, normal structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS) HN - 2007 (1986); use APOLIPOPROTEINS A 1988-2006 BX - Apolipoprotein Lp(a) MH - Apoptosomes UI - D053478 MN - D5.500.99 MS - Multimeric protein complexes formed in the CYTOSOL that play a role in the activation of APOPTOSIS. They can occur when MITOCHONDRIA become damaged due to cell stress and release CYTOCHROME C. Cytosolic cytochrome C associates with APOPTOTIC PROTEASE-ACTIVATING FACTOR 1 to form the apoptosomal protein complex. The apoptosome signals apoptosis by binding to and activating specific INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. HN - 2007 MH - Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 UI - D053477 MN - D12.644.360.24.131.124 MN - D12.644.360.75.358.124 MN - D12.776.157.57.04.124 MN - D12.776.476.24.139.124 MN - D12.776.476.75.358.124 MS - A CARD signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in the mitochondria-stimulated apoptosis (APOPTOSIS, INTRINSIC PATHWAY). It binds to CYTOCHROME C in the CYTOSOL to form an APOPTOSOMAL PROTEIN COMPLEX and activates INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. HN - 2007(1997) MH - Arsenate Reductases UI - D053502 MN - D8.811.682.113 MS - Oxidoreductases that specifically reduce arsenate ion to arsenite ion. Reduction of arsenate is a critical step for its biotransformation into a form that can be transported by ARSENITE TRANSPORTING ATPASES or complexed by specific sulfhydryl-containing proteins for the purpose of detoxification (METABOLIC DETOXIFICATION, DRUG). HN - 2007(1990) BX - Arsenate Reductase MH - Arsenite Transporting ATPases UI - D053501 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.47 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.250.249 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.250.249 MS - Efflux pumps that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump arsenite across a membrane. They are primarily found in prokaryotic organisms, where they play a role in protection against excess intracellular levels of arsenite ions. HN - 2007(1990) BX - Arsenite-Transporting ATPase MH - Arthrometry, Articular UI - D053587 MN - E1.370.600.700.500 MN - G11.427.713.760.500 MS - Measurements of joint flexibility (RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR), usually by employing an angle-measuring device (arthrometer). Arthrometry is used to measure ligamentous laxity and stability. It is often used to evaluate the outcome of ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT replacement surgery. HN - 2007 BX - Goniometry, Articular MH - Aspermia UI - D053714 MN - C12.294.365.700.126 MS - A condition characterized by the complete absence of SEMEN. This disorder should be differentiated from AZOOSPERMIA, absence of sperm in the semen. HN - 2007 FX - Azoospermia MH - Asthenozoospermia UI - D053627 MN - C12.294.365.700.253 MS - A condition in which the percentage of progressively motile sperm is abnormally low. In men, it is defined as <25% rapid motility or <50% progression in a semen sample (World Health Organization, 1992). HN - 2007 MH - Atelinae UI - D053819 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.600.75.75 MS - A subfamily in the family ATELIDAE, comprising three genera: woolly monkeys (Lagothrix), spider monkeys (Ateles), and woolly spider monkeys (Bracyteles). AN - index NIM with no qualifiers when an experimental animal; diseases: coordinate IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM) HN - 2007; use CEBIDAE 1992-2006; for BRACYTELES use CEBIDAE 1992-2006; for ATELES & LAGOTHRIX use CEBIDAE 1981-2006 BX - Ateles BX - Bracyteles BX - Lagothrix BX - Monkey, Spider BX - Monkey, Woolly BX - Spider Monkey BX - Woolly Monkey MH - Atovaquone UI - D053626 MN - D2.806.550.312 MN - D4.615.638.721.186 MS - A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols. HN - 2007(1990) MH - Autotrophic Processes UI - D052818 MN - G6.535.153 MS - The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen as nutrient sources. Contrasts with heterotrophic processes which make use of organic materials as the nutrient supply source. Autotrophs can be either chemoautotrophs (or chemolithotrophs), largely ARCHAEA and BACTERIA, which also use simple inorganic substances for their metabolic energy reguirements; or photoautotrophs (or photolithotrophs), such as PLANTS and CYANOBACTERIA, which derive their energy from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (autotrophy; HETEROTROPHY; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrient and energy requirements. HN - 2007 FX - Heterotrophic Processes FX - Nutrition Processes FX - Phototrophic Processes MH - Avastrovirus UI - D052676 MN - B4.820.69.80 MN - B4.909.777.99.80 MS - A genus of ASTROVIRIDAE infecting avian species and often involving extra-intestinal manifestations. The type species is Turkey astrovirus. AN - infection: coordinate IM with ASTROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Avian nephritis virus BX - Chicken astrovirus BX - Turkey astrovirus MH - Azoospermia UI - D053713 MN - C12.294.365.700.380 MS - A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN). HN - 2007 (1977) FX - Aspermia MH - Azotemia UI - D053099 MN - C12.777.419.936.231 MN - C13.351.968.419.936.231 MN - C23.550.145 MS - A biochemical abnormality referring to an elevation of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and CREATININE. Azotemia can be produced by KIDNEY DISEASES or other extrarenal disorders. When azotemia becomes associated with a constellation of clinical signs, it is termed UREMIA. HN - 2007; use UREMIA 1975-2006 MH - B-Cell Activating Factor UI - D053264 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.61 MN - D12.644.276.972.61 MN - D12.776.395.191 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.61 MN - D12.776.467.972.61 MN - D12.776.543.550.193 MN - D23.529.374.750.61 MN - D23.529.972.61 MS - A tumor necrosis factor superfamily member that plays a role in the regulation of B-LYMPHOCYTE survival. It occurs as a membrane-bound protein that is cleaved to release an biologically active soluble form with specificity to TRANSMEMBRANE ACTIVATOR AND CAML INTERACTOR PROTEIN; B-CELL ACTIVATION FACTOR RECEPTOR; and B-CELL MATURATION ANTIGEN. HN - 2007(1999) BX - Antigens, CD257 BX - BAFF Ligand BX - CD257 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13b MH - B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor UI - D053265 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.222 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.275 MN - D23.101.100.110.275 MS - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that specifically binds B-CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR. It is found on B-LYMPHOCYTES and plays a role in maturation and survival of B-cells. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD268 BX - CD268 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 13C MH - B-Cell Maturation Antigen UI - D053301 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.226 MS - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for B CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 13. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007 BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 17 MH - Babuvirus UI - D052658 MN - B4.715.499.100 MS - A genus in the family NANOVIRIDAE infecting bananas. The type species is Banana bunchy top virus. HN - 2007; for BANANA BUNCHY TOP VIRUS use NANOVIRUS 2002-2006 BX - Banana bunchy top virus MH - Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans UI - D052798 MN - C12.294.494.136.500 MS - An atrophic and sclerotic condition of the head of the PENIS, glans penis. Sometimes it leads to stenosis and occasionally obliteration of the external meatal orifice. HN - 2007; use BALANITIS 1963-2006 BX - Kraurosis Penis MH - Bariatric Medicine UI - D052938 MN - G2.403.74 MS - The discipline concerned with WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with OBESITY. AN - specialty only; BARIATRICS is available for bariatric procedures HN - 2007 FX - Bariatric Surgery FX - Bariatrics MH - Beauveria UI - D052982 MN - B5.381.103 MS - A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL. HN - 2007 MH - Beggiatoa UI - D053524 MN - B3.440.400.645.100 MN - B3.660.250.770.100 MS - A genus of colorless, filamentous bacteria in the family THIOTRICHACEAE whose cells contain inclusions of sulfur granules. When found in decaying seaweed beds and polluted water, its presence signals environmental degradation. HN - 2007; use THIOTRICHACEAE 2004-2006 MH - Begomovirus UI - D053839 MN - B4.280.350.100 MN - B4.715.270.100 MS - A genus of plant viruses in the family GEMINIVIRIDAE that are transmitted in nature by whitefly Bemisia tabaci. HN - 2007; use GEMINIVIRIDAE 2002-2006 MH - Benzophenanthridines UI - D053119 MN - D3.132.89 MN - D3.494.633.207 MN - D3.549.131 MS - Compounds of four rings containing a nitrogen. They are biosynthesized from reticuline via rearrangement of scoulerine. They are similar to BENZYLISOQUINOLINES. Members include chelerythrine and sanguinarine. HN - 2007 MH - beta 2-Glycoprotein I UI - D053482 MN - D12.776.124.117 MN - D12.776.395.195 MS - A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR; membrane phospholipids, and other anionic phospholipid-containing moieties. It plays a role in coagulation and apoptotic processes. Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES. HN - 2007; BETA 2-GLYCOPROTEIN I (NM) 1979-2006 BX - Apolipoprotein H MH - beta-Keratins UI - D053800 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.74 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.74 MN - D12.776.860.607.74 MS - Keratins that form into a beta-pleated sheet structure. They are principle constituents of the corneous material of the carapace and plastron of turtles, the epidermis of snakes and the feathers of birds. HN - 2007(1987) MH - Betapapillomavirus UI - D052686 MN - B4.280.535.100 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.100 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.100 MN - B4.909.624.100 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, causing cutaneous lesions in humans. Infections exist in latent form in the general population and are activated under conditions of IMMUNOSUPPRESSION. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; consider also WARTS HN - 2007 MH - Biosynthetic Pathways UI - D053898 MN - G6.535.553.100 MS - Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds. AN - general only HN - 2007 MH - Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass UI - D053624 MN - A16.254.85.533 MS - The collection of cells that are inside the blastocyst. Depending on the stage of blastocyst, these cells can be pluripotent or totipotent EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS capable of yielding all types of tissues in a developing organism. AN - do not confuse with BLASTOCYTES which are undifferentiated embryonic cells, a term mostly used in foreign literature HN - 2007 BX - Inner Cell Mass, Blastocyst MH - Bocavirus UI - D052660 MN - B4.280.580.650.85 MN - B4.909.204.671.650.85 MS - A genus in the subfamily PARVOVIRINAE comprising two species: Bovine parvovirus and Canine minute virus. AN - do not confuse CANINE MINUTE VIRUS with CANINE PARVOVIRUS; infection: coordinate IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Canine minute virus MH - Bovine papillomavirus 1 UI - D052688 MN - B4.280.535.200.100 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.200.100 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.200.100 MN - B4.909.624.200.100 MS - A species of DELTAPAPILLOMAVIRUS infecting cattle. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 BX - BVP-1 MH - Bovine papillomavirus 4 UI - D052697 MN - B4.280.535.950.150 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.950.150 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.950.150 MN - B4.909.624.950.150 MS - A type of XIPAPILLOMAVIRUS causing alimentary carcinoma in cattle. It is related to Bovine papillomavirus 3. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 BX - BVP-4 MH - Brugada Syndrome UI - D053840 MN - C14.280.67.441.500 MN - C16.320.100 MS - An autosomal dominant disease characterized by a SYNCOPAL EPISODE and/or aborted sudden death, a structurally normal heart, and a characteristic ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. The electrocardiogram shows ST segment elevation in V1 to V3, with a morphology of the QRS complex resembling a right bundle branch block. The episodes of syncope and sudden death are caused by fast polymorphic ventricular tachycardias (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION which appear without warning. Several mutations linked to this syndrome affect the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL gene SCN5A which codes for the alpha subunit of type V sodium channel. HN - 2007 MH - Capillary Electrochromatography UI - D053801 MN - E5.196.181.400.150 MN - E5.196.401.190.249 MN - H1.181.529.307.437.190.500 MS - A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS. HN - 2007 BX - Chip Electrochromatography BX - Electrochromatography, Capillary MH - Capsule Endoscopes UI - D053705 MN - E7.230.220.260.140 MS - A pill sized videocamera encased in a capsule. It is designed to be swallowed and subsequently traverse the gastrointestinal tract while transmitting diagnostic images along the way. HN - 2007 MH - Capsule Endoscopy UI - D053704 MN - E1.370.388.250.250.250.140 MS - Non-invasive, endoscopic imaging by use of VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES to perform examination of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small bowel. HN - 2007 MH - CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins UI - D053468 MN - D12.644.360.24.131 MN - D12.644.360.75.358 MN - D12.776.157.57.04 MN - D12.776.476.24.139 MN - D12.776.476.75.358 MS - A family of intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that contain caspase activation and recruitment domains. Proteins that contain this domain play a role in APOPTOSIS-related signal transduction by associating with other CARD domain-containing members and in activating INITIATOR CASPASES that contain CARD domains within their N-terminal pro-domain region. HN - 2007 MH - Cardiovascular Infections UI - D053821 MN - C1.539.190 MN - C14.260 MS - Pathological conditions of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM caused by infections. HN - 2007 BX - Infections, Cardiovascular MH - Carpometacarpal Joints UI - D052737 MN - A2.835.583.405.200 MS - The articulations between the CARPAL BONES and the METACARPAL BONES. HN - 2007 MH - CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein UI - D053446 MN - D12.644.360.24.296.24 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.24 MN - D12.644.360.75.421.24 MN - D12.776.157.57.24.24 MN - D12.776.476.75.421.24 MS - An APOPTOSIS-regulating protein that is structurally related to CASPASE 8 and competes with CASPASE 8 for binding to FAS ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Two forms of CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulating protein exist, a long form containing a caspase-like enzymatically inactive domain and a short form which lacks the caspase-like domain. HN - 2007(1997) MH - Caspase 10 UI - D053455 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.550.910 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.550.910 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.550.910 MS - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region. Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its N-terminal death effector domain with DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. Caspase 10 plays a role in APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating EFFECTOR CASPASES. Several isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Caspase 12 UI - D053454 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.550.920 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.550.920 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.550.920 MS - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Caspase 9 is activated by pro-apoptotic factors that are released during cell stress and by CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. It activates APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating EFFECTOR CASPASES. HN - 2007(2000) MH - Caspase 14 UI - D053456 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.350.900 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.350.900 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.350.900 MS - A short pro-domain caspase that is almost exclusively expressed in the EPIDERMIS and may play a role in the differentiation of epidermal KERATINOCYTES. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Caspase 2 UI - D053143 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.550.200 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.550.200 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.550.200 MS - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its caspase recruitment domain with CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. Caspase 2 plays a role in APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating effector pro-caspases. Several isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA. HN - 2007(1994) MH - Caspase 3 UI - D053148 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.350.300 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.350.300 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.350.300 MS - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA. HN - 2007(1995) BX - CASP3 MH - Caspase 6 UI - D053178 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.350.600 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.350.600 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.350.600 MS - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 7; CASPASE 8; and CASPASE 10. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA. HN - 2007(1997) MH - Caspase 7 UI - D053179 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.350.700 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.350.700 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.350.700 MS - A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 3 and CASPASE 10. Several isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA. HN - 2007(1997) MH - Caspase 8 UI - D053181 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.550.800 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.550.800 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.550.800 MS - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a death effector domain in its pro-domain region. Caspase 8 plays a role in APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating EFFECTOR CASPASES. Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its N-terminal death effector domain with DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. HN - 2007(2000) MH - Caspase 9 UI - D053453 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.550.900 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.550.900 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.550.900 MS - A long pro-domain caspase that contains a caspase recruitment domain in its pro-domain region. Caspase 9 is activated during cell stress by mitochondria-derived proapoptotic factors and by CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as APOPTOTIC PROTEASE-ACTIVATING FACTOR 1. It activates APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating EFFECTOR CASPASES. HN - 2007(2005) MH - Caspases, Effector UI - D053470 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.350 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.350 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.350 MS - A subclass of caspases that contain short pro-domain regions. They are activated by the proteolytic action of INITIATOR CASPASES. Once activated they cleave a variety of substrates that cause APOPTOSIS. HN - 2007 MH - Caspases, Initiator UI - D053471 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.215.126.550 MN - D12.644.360.75.405.550 MN - D12.776.476.75.405.550 MS - A subtype of caspases that contain long pro-domain regions that regulate the activation of the enzyme. The pro-domain regions contain protein-protein interaction motifs that can interact with specific signaling adaptor proteins such as DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTORS; DED SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS; and CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. Once activated, the initiator caspases can activate other caspases such as the EFFECTOR CASPASES. HN - 2007 MH - Caulimoviridae UI - D052639 MN - B4.280.92 MN - B4.715.102 MS - A family of DNA plant viruses with isometric or bacilliform virions and no envelope. The host ranges of most species are narrow. There are six genera: CAULIMOVIRUS; BADNAVIRUS; Cavemovirus; Soymovirus; Petuvirus; and TUNGROVIRUS. HN - 2007 BX - Cavemovirus BX - Petuvirus BX - Soymovirus MH - CD30 Ligand UI - D053285 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.92 MN - D12.644.276.972.92 MN - D12.776.395.550.177 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.92 MN - D12.776.467.972.92 MN - D12.776.543.550.196 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.277 MN - D23.101.100.110.277 MN - D23.529.374.750.92 MN - D23.529.972.92 MS - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. It may play a role in INFLAMMATION and immune regulation. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Antigens, CD153 BX - CD153 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 8 MH - Cell Nucleus Shape UI - D053144 MN - G4.335.750.270 MS - The quality of surface form or outline of the CELL NUCLEUS. HN - 2007 MH - Cell Nucleus Size UI - D053145 MN - G4.335.760.160 MS - The quantity of volume or surface area of a CELL NUCLEUS. HN - 2007 BX - Cell Nuclear Volume BX - Cell Nucleus Volume BX - Nuclear Size, Cell MH - Channelopathies UI - D053447 MN - C23.550.177 MS - A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS. HN - 2007 FX - Neuromuscular Junction Diseases MH - Chemoautotrophic Growth UI - D052837 MN - G6.535.153.314 MS - Growth of organisms using AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES for obtaining nutrients and chemotrophic processes for obtaining a primary energy supply. Chemotrophic processes are involved in deriving a primary energy supply from exogenous chemical sources. Chemotrophic autotrophs (chemoautotrophs) generally use inorganic chemicals as energy sources and as such are called chemolithoautotrophs. Most chemoautotrophs live in hostile environments, such as deep sea vents. They are mostly BACTERIA and ARCHAEA, and are the primary producers for those ecosystems. HN - 2007 FX - Heterotrophic Processes FX - Nutrition Processes FX - Phototrophic Processes MH - Child Nutrition Sciences UI - D053198 MN - G2.533.252 MS - The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease of children, infants or adolescents. HN - 2007 MH - Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins UI - D053480 MN - D9.400.430.750 MN - D12.776.124.197 MN - D12.776.157.165 MN - D12.776.395.199 MS - Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. HN - 2007(1980) MH - Chromogranin A UI - D053379 MN - D12.776.641.199.249 MS - A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions. HN - 2007 (1981) MH - Chromogranin B UI - D053378 MN - D12.776.641.199.500 MS - A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is found in many species including human, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 626 to 657 amino acid residues. In some species, it inhibits secretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE or INSULIN and exerts bacteriolytic effects in others. HN - 2007 (1985) BX - Secretogranin I MH - Chylomicron Remnants UI - D053298 MN - D10.532.183.500 MN - D12.776.521.242.500 MS - Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by the LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. These remnants carry dietary lipids in the blood and are cholesterol-rich. Their interactions with MACROPHAGES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS in the artery wall can lead to ATHEROSCLEROSIS. HN - 2007 (2000) FX - Atherosclerosis MH - Chymases UI - D053818 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.103 MS - A family of neutral serine proteases with CHYMOTRYPSIN-like activity. Chymases are primarily found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of MAST CELLS and are released during mast cell degranulation. HN - 2007(1984) MH - Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053739 MN - D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.250.249 MS - A ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor subunit. It is anchored to the cell surface via GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL LINKAGE and has specificity for binding to CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR. It lacks signal transducing domains which are found on the other two subunits of the receptor. HN - 2007 MH - Clostridium septicum UI - D052557 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.690 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.690 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Infections have a strong association with malignancies and also with GAS GANGRENE. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) or GAS GANGRENE (IM) if pertinent HN - 2007 MH - Corneal Dystrophy, Juvenile Epithelial of Meesmann UI - D053559 MN - C11.204.236.218 MN - C11.270.162.218 MN - C16.320.290.162.204 MS - An autosomal dominant form of hereditary corneal dystrophy due to a defect in cornea-specific KERATIN formation. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-3 and KERATIN-12 have been linked to this disorder. HN - 2007 MH - Corticotrophs UI - D052680 MN - A6.407.747.608.500 MN - A6.688.357.750.700.500 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.700.500 MN - A8.713.357.750.700.500 MN - A11.436.267 MS - Anterior pituitary cells that produce ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE. HN - 2007 BX - Pituitary Adrenocorticotropin-Secreting Cells MH - Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Lobe Peptide UI - D053497 MN - D6.472.699.327.935.498 MN - D6.472.699.631.525.475.498 MN - D12.644.400.400.935.498 MN - D12.644.548.365.935.498 MN - D12.644.548.691.525.690.498 MN - D12.776.641.650.405.935.498 MS - A peptide derived from the cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, found primarily in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY but also in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of basal HYPOTHALAMUS. Its sequence is identical to the C-terminal 22-amino acids of ACTH or ACTH 18-39. HN - 2007 (1978) MH - CRADD Signaling Adaptor Protein UI - D053420 MN - D12.644.360.24.131.186 MN - D12.644.360.24.296.50 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.50 MN - D12.644.360.75.358.186 MN - D12.644.360.75.421.50 MN - D12.776.157.57.04.186 MN - D12.776.157.57.24.50 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.50 MN - D12.776.476.24.139.186 MN - D12.776.476.24.375.50 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.50 MN - D12.776.476.75.358.186 MN - D12.776.476.75.421.50 MS - A death domain receptor signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in signaling the activation of INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 2. It contains a death domain that is specific for RIP SERINE THEONINE KINASES and a caspase-binding domain that binds to and activates CASPASES such as CASPASE 2. HN - 2007 BX - Caspase and Rip Adaptor with Death Domain Protein BX - RAIDD Signaling Adaptor Protein MH - Cyclohexenes UI - D053138 MN - D2.455.426.392.368.367.379 MS - Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds in the ring. The cyclohexadienes are not aromatic, in contrast to BENZOQUINONES which are sometimes called 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diones. HN - 2007 BX - Cyclohexadienes FX - Benzoquinones MH - Cystocele UI - D052858 MN - C12.777.829.707 MS - A HERNIA-like condition in which the weakened pelvic muscles cause the URINARY BLADDER to drop from its normal position. Fallen urinary bladder is more common in females with the bladder dropping into the VAGINA and less common in males with the bladder dropping into the SCROTUM. HN - 2007; use URINARY BLADDER DISEASE 1990-2006 BX - Fallen Urinary Bladder BX - Urinary Bladder Prolapse MH - Cystotomy UI - D053715 MN - E4.950.774.162 MS - Surgical incision or puncture into a URINARY BLADDER. Cystotomy may be used to remove URINARY CALCULI, or to perform tissue repair and reconstruction. AN - unintentional cystotomy during surgical procedures use URINARY BLADDER/inj; for accidental injury to the urinary bladder coordinate with URINARY BLADDER/inj; do not confuse with CYSTOSTOMY HN - 2007 FX - Cystostomy MH - Cytochrome P-450 CYP27A1 UI - D053493 MN - D8.244.453.915.250 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.915.250 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.783.250 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.915.250 MS - An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates such as the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha, 12-alpha-triol. Cytochrome P-450 CYP27A1 is a mitochondrial enzyme; however microsomal-derived homologs of the enzyme have been identified and are included under this heading. HN - 2007(1980) MH - Cytokine Receptor Common beta Subunit UI - D053648 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.310.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.340.350 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.380.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.420.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.279 MN - D23.101.100.110.279 MS - A receptor subunit that is a shared component of the INTERLEUKIN-3 RECEPTOR; the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR; and the GM-CSF RECEPTOR. High affinity receptor complexes are formed with each of these receptors when their respective alpha subunits are combined with this shared beta subunit. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD131 BX - CD131 Antigens BX - GM-CSF Receptor beta Subunit BX - IL-3 Receptor beta Subunit BX - IL-5 Receptor beta Subunit BX - Interleukin-3 Receptor beta Subunit BX - Interleukin-5 Receptor beta Subunit MH - De Quervain Disease UI - D053684 MN - C5.651.869.870.800.200 MS - Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the first dorsal wrist compartment. The presenting symptoms are usually pain and tenderness at the radial styloid. The cause is almost always related to OVERUSE INJURY or is associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. AN - do not confuse with de Quervain's disease of thyroid ( = DE QUERVAIN THYROIDITIS see THYROIDITIS, SUBACUTE) HN - 2007; use TENOSYNOVITIS 1998-2006 BX - Stenosing Tenosynovitis, De Quervain MH - DEAD-box RNA Helicases UI - D053487 MN - D8.811.913.696.445.735.720.249 MS - A large family of RNA helicases that share a common protein motif with the single letter amino acid sequence D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp). In addition to RNA helicase activity, members of the DEAD-box family participate in other aspects of RNA metabolism and regulation of RNA function. HN - 2007(1988) MH - Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins UI - D053418 MN - D12.644.360.24.296 MN - D12.644.360.75.421 MN - D12.776.157.57.24 MN - D12.776.476.24.375 MN - D12.776.476.75.421 MS - Intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that bind to the cytoplasmic death domain region found on DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTORS. Many of the proteins in this class take part in intracellular signaling from TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTORS. HN - 2007(2002) MH - Deltapapillomavirus UI - D052687 MN - B4.280.535.200 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.200 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.200 MN - B4.909.624.200 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE causing fibropapillomas in their respective ungulate hosts. Species infected include cattle, European elk, deer, and sheep. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 MH - Dengue Vaccines UI - D053059 MN - D20.215.894.899.162 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines. HN - 2007 MH - Depsides UI - D053630 MN - D2.241.223.100.380.174 MN - D2.241.511.390.174 MN - D2.755.410.174 MS - Phenolic benzoic acid esters. HN - 2007(1978) MH - Digestive System Phenomena UI - D052800 MN - G10.261.314 MS - Observable or measurable characteristics of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2007 MH - Digestive System Processes UI - D052799 MN - G10.261.326 MS - Biological actions and events that constitute the functions of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2007 MH - Dioclea UI - D052598 MN - B6.388.100.401.192 MS - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain MANNOSE-BINDING LECTINS and dioclein. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 MH - Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests UI - D052978 MN - E5.200.875.595.399 MS - A method where a culturing surface inoculated with microbe is exposed to small disks containing known amounts of a chemical agent resulting in a zone of inhibition (usually in millimeters) of growth of the microbe corresponding to the susceptibility of the strain to the agent. HN - 2007 MH - Diurnal Enuresis UI - D053207 MN - C12.777.934.284.249 MN - C13.351.968.934.252.249 MN - F1.145.126.856.249 MN - F3.550.375.400.249 MS - Involuntary discharge of URINE during the daytime while one is awake. HN - 2007 MH - Diynes UI - D053280 MN - D2.455.326.397.662.500 MS - Compounds with two triple bonds. Some of them are CYTOTOXINS. HN - 2007 MH - DNA Breaks UI - D053960 MN - G5.180.210 MS - Interruptions in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. HN - 2007 MH - DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded UI - D053903 MN - G5.180.210.220 MS - Interruptions in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, across both strands adjacently. HN - 2007 BX - Double-Stranded DNA Breaks MH - DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded UI - D053904 MN - G5.180.210.230 MS - Interruptions in one of the strands of the sugar-phosphate backbone of double-stranded DNA. HN - 2007 BX - Single-Stranded DNA Breaks MH - DNA Cleavage UI - D053837 MN - G5.142 MS - A reaction that severs one of the covalent sugar-phosphate linkages between NUCLEOTIDES that compose the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic - removing the end nucleotide, or endonucleolytic - splitting the strand in two. HN - 2007 MH - DNA Degradation, Necrotic UI - D053836 MN - C23.550.717.273 MN - G4.335.139.638.200 MN - G5.180.220 MS - The random catabolism of DNA accompaning the irreversible damage to tissue which leads to the pathological death of one or more cells. AN - postmortem DNA degradation in forensic literature: coordinate with POSTMORTEM CHANGES HN - 2007 FX - DNA Fragmentation MH - DNA Fragmentation UI - D053938 MN - G5.180.230 MS - Splitting the DNA into shorter pieces by endonucleolytic DNA CLEAVAGE at multiple sites. It includes the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which along with chromatin condensation, are considered to be the hallmarks of APOPTOSIS. AN - if apoptotic, coordinate with APOPTOSIS HN - 2007 BX - DNA Degradation, Apoptotic FX - DNA Degradation, Necrotic MH - DNA Mismatch Repair UI - D053843 MN - G5.195.220 MS - A DNA repair pathway involved in correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. Excinucleases recognize the BASE PAIR MISMATCH and cause a segment of polynucleotide chain to be excised from the daughter strand, thereby removing the mismatched base. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001) HN - 2007 BX - Mismatch Repair MH - DnaB Helicases UI - D053488 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.159.124 MN - D8.811.399.340.124 MS - A family of DNA helicases that participate in DNA REPLICATION. They assemble into hexameric rings with a central channel and unwind DNA processively in the 5' to 3' direction. DnaB helicases are considered the primary replicative helicases for most prokaryotic organisms. HN - 2007(1991) BX - DnaB Helicase MH - Dysuria UI - D053159 MN - C23.888.942.325 MS - Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT. HN - 2007 MH - Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic UI - D053358 MN - C16.131.77.350.198 MN - C16.131.831.350.198 MN - C16.320.322.116 MN - C16.320.850.250.198 MN - C17.800.804.350.198 MN - C17.800.827.250.198 MS - An X-linked form of ectodermal dysplasia which results from mutations of the gene encoding ECTODYSPLASIN. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Christ-Siemens-Touraine Syndrome BX - X-Linked Hypohydridrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia MH - Ectodermal Dysplasia 3, Anhidrotic UI - D053359 MN - C16.131.77.350.298 MN - C16.131.831.350.298 MN - C16.320.850.250.298 MN - C17.800.804.350.298 MN - C17.800.827.250.298 MS - An autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia which is due to mutations in the gene for the EDAR RECEPTOR. HN - 2007 MH - Ectodermal Dysplasia, Hypohidrotic, Autosomal Recessive UI - D053360 MN - C16.131.77.350.348 MN - C16.131.831.350.348 MN - C16.320.850.250.348 MN - C17.800.804.350.348 MN - C17.800.827.250.348 MS - An autosomal recessive form of ectodermal dysplasia which is due to mutations in the gene for the EDAR RECEPTOR or EDAR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. HN - 2007 MH - Ectodysplasins UI - D053331 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.186 MN - D12.644.276.972.186 MN - D12.776.395.550.275 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.186 MN - D12.776.467.972.186 MN - D12.776.543.550.275 MN - D23.529.374.750.186 MN - D23.529.972.186 MS - Transmembrane proteins belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that play an essential role in the normal development of several ectodermally derived organs. Several isoforms of the ectodysplasins exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the MRNA for the protein. The isoforms ectodysplasin A1 and ectodysplasin A2 are considered biologically active and each bind distinct ECTODYSPLASIN RECEPTORS. Genetic mutations that result in loss of function of ectodysplasin result in ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 1, ANHIDROTIC. HN - 2007(1999) FX - Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic MH - Edar Receptor UI - D053339 MN - D12.776.543.750.73.550 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.347.500 MS - A ectodysplasin receptor subtype that is specific for ECTODYSPLASIN A1. It signals via the specific signaling adaptor EDAR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Loss of function of the edar receptor is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA and ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 3, ANHIDROTIC. HN - 2007(2006) BX - Receptors, Edar BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member EDAR MH - Edar-Associated Death Domain Protein UI - D053362 MN - D12.644.360.24.296.100 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.61 MN - D12.644.360.75.421.100 MN - D12.776.157.57.24.100 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.61 MN - D12.776.476.24.375.100 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.61 MN - D12.776.476.75.421.100 MS - A tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor that acts as a specific signaling adaptor protein for the EDAR RECEPTOR and plays an important role in ectodermal development. It binds to edar receptor via its C-terminal death domain region and to other specific TNF receptor-associated factors via its N-terminal domain. Loss of function of edar-associated death domain protein is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA. HN - 2007(2002) MH - Elafin UI - D053492 MN - D12.644.822.437 MN - D12.776.645.437 MS - A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG. HN - 2007(2005) MH - Electrochemotherapy UI - D053672 MN - E2.319.341 MN - E5.200.500.410.500 MS - A treatment modality that uses pulsed electrical currents to permeabilize cell membranes (ELECTROPORATION) and thereby enhance the uptake of chemotherapeutic agents, vaccines, or genes into the body's cells. AN - coordinate with disease/drug ther HN - 2007 BX - Electroporation Therapy FX - Electroporation MH - Electroosmosis UI - D053841 MN - E5.196.385 MN - H1.181.529.307.401 MN - H1.181.529.687.495.250 MS - The motion of a liquid through a membrane (or plug or capillary) consequent upon the application of an electric field across the membrane. (Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001) HN - 2007 MH - Embryonic Stem Cells UI - D053595 MN - A11.872.190 MS - Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. HN - 2007 BX - Stem Cells, Embryonic MH - Enediynes UI - D053281 MN - D2.455.326.271.244 MN - D2.455.326.397.662.500.500 MS - Compounds with triple bonds to each side of a double bond. Many of these are CYTOTOXINS and are researched for use as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. HN - 2007 MH - Environmental Remediation UI - D052918 MN - G3.850.460.375 MS - Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING. HN - 2007 BX - Environmental Cleanup BX - Environmental Restoration BX - Pollution Remediation BX - Site Remediation FX - Environmental Monitoring MH - Epithelial Sodium Channel UI - D053503 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.875.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.875.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.875.500 MS - An AMILORIDE-sensitive sodium channel found on salt-reabsorbing EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the distal NEPHRON, the distal COLON; SALIVARY DUCTS; SWEAT GLANDS; and the LUNG. It plays a critical role in the control of sodium balance, BLOOD VOLUME, and BLOOD PRESSURE. HN - 2007(1995) MH - Erbovirus UI - D052698 MN - B4.820.565.290 MN - B4.909.777.618.290 MS - A genus in the family PICORNAVIRIDAE causing upper respiratory disease in horses. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Equine rhinitis B virus MH - Eupleridae UI - D053826 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.320 MS - A family in the suborder Feliformia, order CARNIVORA, comprised of viverrid-like mammals. AN - note entry terms: MONGOOSES see HERPESTIDAE; CIVETS see VIVERRIDAE; and AFRICAN PALM CIVET see NANDINIIDAE are also available HN - 2007 BX - Civet, Malagasy BX - Mongoose, Brown-Tailed BX - Mongoose, Ring-Tailed MH - Explosive Agents UI - D053834 MN - D27.720.317 MS - Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth. HN - 2007 MH - Extinction, Biological UI - D053476 MN - G4.185.355 MS - The ceasing of existence of a species or taxonomic groups of organisms. AN - EXTINCTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL is also available HN - 2007 BX - Extinction, Mass BX - Extinction, Species BX - Mass Extinction BX - Species Extinction MH - Eye Movement Measurements UI - D053483 MN - E1.370.380.230 MS - Methods and procedures for recording EYE MOVEMENTS. AN - nystagmography may go here but consider also ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY; EYE MOVEMENTS is also available HN - 2007 FX - Eye Movements MH - Fas Ligand Protein UI - D053222 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.249 MN - D12.644.276.972.249 MN - D12.776.395.550.312 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.249 MN - D12.776.467.972.249 MN - D12.776.543.550.312 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.283 MN - D23.101.100.110.282 MN - D23.529.374.750.249 MN - D23.529.972.249 MS - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that was originally discovered on cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage, including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS. It plays an important role in immune homeostasis and cell-mediated toxicity by binding to the FAS RECEPTOR and triggering APOPTOSIS. HN - 2007(1994) BX - Antigens, CD178 BX - CD178 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 6 MH - Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein UI - D053200 MN - D12.644.360.24.296.200 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.124 MN - D12.644.360.75.421.200 MN - D12.776.157.57.24.200 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.124 MN - D12.776.476.24.375.550 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.124 MN - D12.776.476.75.421.200 MS - A signal-transducing adaptor protein that associates with TNF RECEPTOR complexes. It contains a death effector domain that can interact with death effector domains found on INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 8 and CASPASE 10. Activation of CASPASES via interaction with this protein plays a role in the signaling cascade that leads to APOPTOSIS. HN - 2007(1995) MH - Female Athlete Triad Syndrome UI - D053716 MN - C5.116.198.579.304 MN - C19.391.240 MN - F3.375.450 MS - A condition of competitive female athletes in which there are interrelated problems of EATING DISORDERS; AMENORRHEA; and OSTEOPOROSIS. HN - 2007 MH - Female Urogenital Diseases UI - D052776 MN - C13.351 MS - Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE). AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007 BX - Female Genitourinary Diseases MH - Feminine Hygiene Products UI - D053566 MN - E7.357 MS - Personal care items for women. HN - 2007 FX - Vaginal Douching MH - Fetal Stem Cells UI - D053686 MN - A11.872.220 MS - Cells derived from a FETUS that retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. HN - 2007 MH - Flexiviridae UI - D052677 MN - B4.715.260 MN - B4.820.260 MS - A family of RNA plant viruses that infect a wide range of herbaceous and woody plant species. There are at least eight genera including POTEXVIRUS and CARLAVIRUS, both of which are highly immunogenic. HN - 2007 BX - Allexivirus BX - Capillovirus BX - Foveavirus BX - Mandarivirus BX - Trichovirus BX - Vitivirus MH - Forensic Genetics UI - D053803 MN - G2.403.776.240.149 MN - I1.198.780.937.441 MS - The application of genetic analyses and MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES to legal matters and crime analysis. HN - 2007 MH - Forensic Nursing UI - D053604 MN - G2.478.676.227 MN - I1.198.780.952 MS - The application of NURSING knowledge to questions of law. It is a specialty of nursing practice involving victims of crime which includes not only attending to the physical and emotional distress of victims, but also the identifying, collecting, and preserving evidence for law enforcement and the criminal justice system. HN - 2007 BX - Nursing, Forensic MH - Forensic Toxicology UI - D053593 MN - G1.703.795.424 MN - G2.628.795.424 MN - H1.158.703.795.424 MN - I1.198.780.968 MS - The application of TOXICOLOGY knowledge to questions of law. HN - 2007 MH - Foreskin UI - D052816 MN - A5.360.444.492.362 MS - The double-layered skin fold that covers the GLANS PENIS, the head of the penis. HN - 2007 FX - Circumcision, Male MH - Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial UI - D053805 MN - G9.330.582.163.324.500 MS - The ratio of maximum blood flow to the MYOCARDIUM with CORONARY STENOSIS present, to the maximum equivalent blood flow without stenosis. The measurement is commonly used to verify borderline stenosis of CORONARY ARTERIES. HN - 2007 BX - Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve MH - gamma-Lipotropin UI - D053500 MN - D6.472.699.327.935.518 MN - D6.472.699.631.525.475.518 MN - D12.644.400.400.935.518 MN - D12.644.548.365.935.518 MN - D12.644.548.691.525.690.518 MN - D12.776.641.650.405.935.518 MS - A lipotropic peptide that is the N-terminal fragment of beta-lipotropin. It is a peptide of 56 amino acids in humans and 58 amino acids in pigs. HN - 2007 (1988) MH - Gammapapillomavirus UI - D052689 MN - B4.280.535.400 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.400 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.400 MN - B4.909.624.400 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, which cause cutaneous lesions in humans. They are histologically distinguishable by intracytoplasmic INCLUSION BODIES which are species specific. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 MH - Gene Regulatory Networks UI - D053263 MN - G14.80.689.360 MS - Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations. HN - 2007 BX - Gene Circuits BX - Gene Networks BX - Transcriptional Networks FX - Gene Expression Regulation MH - Gitelman Syndrome UI - D053579 MN - C12.777.419.815.491 MN - C13.351.968.419.815.491 MS - An inherited renal disorder characterized by defective NaCl reabsorption in the convoluted DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE leading to HYPOKALEMIA. In contrast with BARTTER SYNDROME, Gitelman syndrome includes hypomagnesemia and normocalcemic hypocalciuria and is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive SODIUM CHLORIDE COTRANSPORTER. HN - 2007 MH - Glicentin UI - D053771 MN - D6.472.317.469.249 MS - A 69-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal of PROGLUCAGON. It is mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. Further processing of glicentin yield a 30-amino acid N-terminal peptide (glicentin-related polypeptide) and a 37-amino acid peptide OXYNTOMODULIN. Both glicentin and oxyntomodulin can reduce digestive secretions and delay gastric emptying. HN - 2007 (1988) MH - Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 UI - D053767 MN - D6.472.317.469.500.750 MS - A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis. HN - 2007(2000) MH - Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein UI - D053450 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.238 MS - A member of the TNF receptor family that was initially identified as a DEXAMETHASONE-induced protein from a T-CELL line. It may play a role in regulating APOPTOSIS and modulating immune response by T-lymphocytes. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007 BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 18 BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 18 MH - Glypicans UI - D053673 MN - D12.776.395.550.432 MN - D12.776.395.650.350.249 MN - D12.776.543.550.412 MS - A family of GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-anchored, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that may play a role in CELL GROWTH PROCESSES and CELL DIFFERENTIATION by modulating ligand-receptor interactions. HN - 2007(1998) BX - Glypican MH - Gonadotrophs UI - D052681 MN - A6.407.747.608.750 MN - A6.688.357.750.700.750 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.700.750 MN - A8.713.357.750.700.750 MN - A11.436.299 MS - Anterior pituitary cells that can produce both FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. HN - 2007 MH - Granzymes UI - D053804 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.397 MS - A family of serine endopeptidases found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES. When secreted into the intercellular space granzymes act to eliminate transformed and virus-infected host cells. HN - 2007(1986) MH - H-1 parvovirus UI - D052661 MN - B4.280.580.650.600.437 MN - B4.909.204.671.650.600.437 MS - A species in the genus PARVOVIRUS that has the ability to replicate and kill tumor cells in culture. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Parvovirus H-1 MH - Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome UI - D053421 MN - C10.668.829.380 MN - C14.907.440 MN - C21.447.400 MS - An occupational disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to vibration, affecting the fingers, hands, and forearms. It occurs in workers who regularly use vibrating tools such as jackhammers, power chain saws, riveters, etc. Symptoms include episodic finger blanching, NUMBNESS, tingling, and loss of nerve sensitivity. HN - 2007 MH - Hedgehog Proteins UI - D053823 MN - D12.644.276.671 MN - D12.776.467.671 MN - D23.529.671 MS - A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action. HN - 2007(1994) BX - Hedgehog Protein, Vertebrate MH - Hemolytic Agents UI - D053878 MN - D27.888.569.213.444 MS - Substances that are toxic to blood in general, including the clotting mechanism; hematotoxins may refer to the hematopoietic system. HN - 2007; for HEMOTOXINS use HEMOLYSIN PROTEINS 1978-2006 BX - Hemotoxins MH - Hepevirus UI - D052678 MN - B4.820.340 MN - B4.909.777.420 MS - An unassigned genus of RNA viruses with a single officially described species, HEPATITIS E VIRUS. A distantly related virus, Avian hepatitis E virus, has been listed as a tentative species. Strains have also been identified in swine. The family name HEPEVIRIDAE has been proposed. AN - infection: coordinate IM with RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + HEPATITIS, VIRAL, ANIMAL HN - 2007 BX - Avian hepatitis E virus BX - Hepatitis E Virus, Avian MH - Herbicide Resistance UI - D053209 MN - G12.392.443 MS - Diminished or failed response of PLANTS to HERBICIDES. AN - IM when general; NIM when with specific herbicide (IM) & specific plant (IM) HN - 2007 MH - Herpes Zoster Vaccine UI - D053061 MN - D20.215.894.899.290.420 MS - An attenuated vaccine used to prevent and/or treat HERPES ZOSTER, a disease caused by HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3. HN - 2007 BX - Shingles Vaccine MH - Heterotrophic Processes UI - D052836 MN - G6.535.505 MS - The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements. HN - 2007 FX - Autotrophic Processes FX - Chemoautotrophic Growth FX - Nutrition Processes FX - Phototrophic Processes MH - High Vocal Center UI - D053400 MN - A8.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.484 MN - A13.468 MS - Nucleus in the NEOSTRIATUM of bird brains that sends signals for song production and receives auditory input. In some adult SONGBIRDS, research has shown that the size of this nucleus changes seasonally and that it exhibits neurogenesis. AN - found in birds only HN - 2007 FX - Songbirds MH - High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-beta UI - D053442 MN - D10.532.432.550 MN - D12.776.521.479.602 MS - A highly dense subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes below 7 nm. They are also known as nascent HDL, composed of a few APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I molecules which are complexed with PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The lipid-poor pre-beta-HDL particles serve as progenitors of HDL3 and then HDL2 after absorption of free cholesterol from cell membranes, cholesterol esterification, and acquisition of apolipoproteins A-II, Cs, and E. Pre-beta-HDL initiate the reverse cholesterol transport process from cells to liver. HN - 2007 (1992) MH - Houttuynia UI - D052859 MN - B6.388.100.888.500 MS - A plant genus of the family SAURURACEAE. Members contain aristolactams. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 MH - Hymenaea UI - D052597 MN - B6.388.100.401.327 MS - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain resins (RESINS, PLANT) and GLUCANS. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 MH - Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome UI - D053306 MN - C15.378.147.333.249 MN - C20.673.430.249 MS - A rare inherited immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by normal or elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels with absence of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E. It results in a profound susceptibility to BACTERIAL INFECTIONS and an increased susceptibility to OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS. Several subtypes of hyper-IgM immunodeficiency syndrome exist depending upon the location of genetic mutation. HN - 2007 BX - Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 2 BX - Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 3 BX - Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 5 MH - Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 1 UI - D053307 MN - C15.378.147.333.249.500 MN - C16.320.322.237 MN - C20.673.430.249.500 MS - An X-linked hyper-IgM immunodeficiency subtype resulting from mutation in the gene encoding CD40 LIGAND. HN - 2007 MH - Hypercalciuria UI - D053565 MN - C23.888.942.337 MS - Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day. HN - 2007 MH - Hypoalphalipoproteinemias UI - D052456 MN - C16.320.565.398.500.330 MN - C18.452.584.500.875.330 MN - C18.452.648.398.500.330 MS - Conditions with abnormally low levels of ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins) in the blood. Hypoalphalipoproteinemia can be associated with mutations in genes encoding APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; and ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. HN - 2007; for HYPOALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA, FAMILIAL & LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE, HDL, FAMILIAL use TANGIER DISEASE 1995-2006 BX - alpha-Lipoprotein Deficiency Disease, Familial BX - Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, Familial BX - Lipoprotein Deficiency Disease, HDL, Familial MH - Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B UI - D052476 MN - C18.452.584.500.875.440.750 MS - An autosomal dominant disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutations of APOLIPOPROTEINS B, main components of CHYLOMICRONS and BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include abnormally low LDL, normal triglyceride level, and dietary fat malabsorption. HN - 2007; for APOLIPOPROTEIN B DEFICIENCY DISEASE use ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA 2000-2006 BX - Apolipoprotein B Deficiency MH - Hypophosphatemic Rickets, X-Linked Dominant UI - D053098 MN - C5.116.198.816.500 MN - C12.777.419.815.647.500 MN - C13.351.968.419.815.647.500 MN - C16.320.322.239 MN - C16.320.565.618.544.500 MN - C16.320.565.861.647.500 MN - C18.452.174.845.500 MN - C18.452.648.618.544.500 MN - C18.452.648.861.647.500 MN - C18.654.521.500.133.770.734.500 MS - An X-linked disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. This disorder is caused by mutations in PHEX PHOSPHATE REGULATING NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE. HN - 2007; use HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, FAMILIAL 1994-2006, use RICKETS, VITAMIN D-RESISTANT 1972-1993 BX - Rickets, Hypophosphatemic BX - Rickets, Vitamin D-Resistant BX - Rickets, X-Linked Hypophosphatemic MH - Ichthyosis Bullosa of Siemens UI - D053560 MN - C16.131.831.512.408 MN - C16.320.850.402 MN - C16.614.492.410 MN - C17.800.428.333.330 MN - C17.800.804.512.405 MN - C17.800.827.403 MS - An autosomal dominant form of ichthyosis characterized by generalized reddening of the skin (ERYTHEMA) and widespread blistering. The disease shows similar, but somewhat milder, clinical and histopathological findings to those in HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC and is associated with the gene that encodes KERATIN-2A. HN - 2007 MH - Ictalurivirus UI - D052656 MN - B4.280.382.530 MS - An unassigned genus in the family HERPESVIRIDAE, comprising one species Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (Channel Catfish Virus). AN - infection: coordinate IM with HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Channel Catfish Virus BX - Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 MH - Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight UI - D052577 MN - M1.60.703.520.460.279 MS - An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1000 grams (2.2 lbs), regardless of gestational age. HN - 2007 MH - Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials UI - D053444 MN - G7.453.697.437 MN - G11.561.525.570.675 MN - G11.561.531.625.500 MN - G11.561.531.835.500 MS - The hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons by transmission of NERVE IMPULSES which have an inhibitory influence. They are local changes which result in diminishing the responsiveness to excitatory signals. HN - 2007 MH - Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors UI - D053496 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.150.760 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.150.760 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.150.760 MN - D12.776.826.179 MS - Intracellular receptors that bind to INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE and play an important role in its intracellular signaling. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are calcium channels that release CALCIUM in response to increased levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the CYTOPLASM. HN - 2007(1986) BX - Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Receptors MH - Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein UI - D053590 MN - D12.644.276.374.460 MN - D12.776.467.374.460 MN - D23.529.374.460 MS - A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. HN - 2007 MH - Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit UI - D053631 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320.875 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.360.300.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.420.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.500.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.800.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.900.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.420 MN - D23.101.100.110.420 MS - An interleukin receptor subunit that was originally discovered as a component of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR. It was subsequently found to be a component of several other receptors including the INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR, the INTERLEUKIN-7 RECEPTOR, the INTERLEUKIN-9 RECEPTOR, the INTERLEUKIN-15 RECEPTOR, and the INTERLEUKIN-21 RECEPTOR. Mutations in the gene for the interleukin common gamma chain have been associated with X-LINKED COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES. HN - 2007(2000) BX - Antigens, CD132 BX - CD132 Antigens BX - Interleukin-15 Receptor gamma Subunit BX - Interleukin-2 Receptor gamma Subunit BX - Interleukin-21 Receptor gamma Subunit BX - Interleukin-4 Receptor gamma Subunit BX - Interleukin-7 Receptor gamma Subunit BX - Receptors, Interleukin Common gamma Chain MH - Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein UI - D053577 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.249 MS - A protein that takes part in the formation of active interleukin-1 receptor complex. It binds specifically to INTERLEUKIN-1 and the TYPE-I INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR at the cell surface to form a heterotrimeric complex that brings its cytoplasmic domain into contact with the cytoplasm domain of the TYPE-I INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR. Activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways from the receptor is believed to be driven by this form of cytoplasmic interaction. AN - Do not confuse with INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN HN - 2007(1996) MH - Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases UI - D053592 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.526 MN - D12.644.360.379 MN - D12.776.476.384 MS - A family of intracellular signaling kinases that were identified by their ability to signal from the activated INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTORS. Signaling from these kinases involves their interaction with SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88 and TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 6. HN - 2007(1996) MH - Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053709 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.550.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.409 MN - D23.101.100.110.409 MS - A subunit of the interleukin-10 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with JANUS KINASE 1. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CDW210A BX - CDW210A Antigens BX - Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Chain MH - Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit UI - D053710 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.550.750 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.410 MN - D23.101.100.110.410 MS - A subunit of the interleukin-10 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with TYK2 KINASE. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CDW210B BX - CDW210B Antigens MH - Interleukin-11 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053703 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.560.500 MS - A low affinity interleukin-11 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-11. Multiple isoforms of this protein exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its MRNA. HN - 2007 MH - Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 1 Subunit UI - D053711 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.580.500 MS - A subunit of the interleukin-12 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with TYK2 KINASE 1. HN - 2007 MH - Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 2 Subunit UI - D053712 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.580.750 MS - A subunit of the interleukin-12 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with JANUS KINASE 2. HN - 2007 MH - Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 UI - D053765 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.512.249 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.512.249 MN - D23.529.374.465.512.249 MS - A subunit of interleukin-12. It binds to the INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P40 via a disulfide bond that results in the active cytokine. HN - 2007(2002) MH - Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 UI - D053762 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.512.500 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.759.249 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.512.500 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.759.249 MN - D23.529.374.465.512.500 MN - D23.529.374.465.759.249 MS - A cytokine subunit that is a component of both interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. It binds to the INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P35 via a disulfide bond to form interleukin-12 and to INTERLEUKIN-23 SUBUNIT P19 to form interleukin-23. HN - 2007(2002) MH - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit UI - D053661 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.360.600.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.600.800.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.412 MN - D23.101.100.110.412 MS - An interleukin receptor subunit with specificity for INTERLEUKIN-13. It dimerizes with the INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT to form the TYPE II INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR which has specificity for both INTERLEUKIN-4 and INTERLEUKIN-13. Signaling of this receptor subunit occurs through the interaction of its cytoplasmic domain with JANUS KINASES such as the TYK2 KINASE. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Antigens CD213a1 BX - CD213a1 Antigens BX - Interleukin-4, 13 Receptor Shared Subunit MH - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit UI - D053663 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.600.300 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.413 MN - D23.101.100.110.413 MS - An interleukin-13 receptor subunit that is closely-related to the INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR ALPHA1 SUBUNIT. The receptor is found as a monomeric protein and has been considered to be a decoy receptor for interleukin-13 due the fact that it lacks cytoplasmic signaling domains. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Antigens, CD213A2 BX - CD213A2 Antigens BX - Receptor, Interleukin-13 alpha2 MH - Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053720 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.800.550 MS - A low affinity interleukin-15 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-15. HN - 2007 MH - Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053727 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.830.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.417 MN - D23.101.100.110.417 MS - A subunit of the interleukin-18 receptor that is responsible of extracellular binding of IL-18. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CDw218a BX - CDw218a Antigens MH - Interleukin-18 Receptor beta Subunit UI - D053728 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.830.750 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.418 MN - D23.101.100.110.418 MS - A subunit of the interleukin-18 receptor that plays a role in receptor signaling by association of its cytoplasmic domain with SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CDw218b BX - CDw218b Antigens MH - Interleukin-1alpha UI - D053582 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.501.300 MN - D12.644.276.374.500.400.300 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.501.300 MN - D12.776.467.374.500.400.300 MN - D23.529.374.465.501.300 MN - D23.529.374.500.400.300 MS - An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteases to form a secreted mature form. Unlike INTERLEUKIN-1BETA both membrane-bound and secreted forms of interleukin-1alpha are biologically active. HN - 2007(1988) BX - IL-1 alpha MH - Interleukin-1beta UI - D053583 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.501.600 MN - D12.644.276.374.500.400.600 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.501.600 MN - D12.776.467.374.500.400.600 MN - D23.529.374.465.501.600 MN - D23.529.374.500.400.600 MS - An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane. HN - 2007(1981) BX - IL-1 beta MH - Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053645 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.401 MN - D23.101.100.110.401 MS - A low affinity interleukin-2 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-2. HN - 2007(2001) BX - Antigens, CD25 BX - CD25 Antigens BX - Interleukin-2 Receptors alpha BX - Tac P55 Peptide MH - Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit UI - D053646 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.800.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.402 MN - D23.101.100.110.402 MS - A receptor subunit that is a shared component of the INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR and the INTERLEUKIN-15 RECEPTOR. High affinity receptor complexes are formed with each of these receptors when their respective alpha subunits are combined with this beta subunit and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN. HN - 2007(2001) BX - Antigens, CD122 BX - CD122 Antigens BX - Interleukin-15 Receptor beta Subunit BX - Interleukin-2, 15 Receptor beta Subunit MH - Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053738 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.900.450 MS - An interleukin-21 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-21. It signals via interaction of its cytoplasmic domain with JANUS KINASES such as JANUS KINASE 1 and JANUS KINASE 3. HN - 2007 MH - Interleukin-23 UI - D053759 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.759 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.759 MN - D23.529.374.465.759 MS - A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-23 is comprised of a unique 19 kDa subunit and 40 kDa subunit that is shared with INTERLEUKIN-12. It is produced by DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES and a variety of other immune cells HN - 2007(2001) BX - IL-23 MH - Interleukin-23 Subunit p19 UI - D053760 MN - D12.644.276.374.465.759.500 MN - D12.776.467.374.465.759.500 MN - D23.529.374.465.759.500 MS - A subunit of interleukin-23. It combines with INTERLEUKIN-12 SUBUNIT P40, which is shared between the two cytokines, to form in the active interleukin-23 cytokine. HN - 2007(2003) MH - Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053650 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.340.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.403 MN - D23.101.100.110.403 MS - A low affinity interleukin-3 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-3. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD123 BX - CD123 Antigens MH - Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053662 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.360.300.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.360.600.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.600.800.200 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.404 MN - D23.101.100.110.404 MS - A receptor subunit that is a component of the TYPE I INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR and the TYPE II INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR. It signals through interaction of its cytoplasmic domain with JANUS KINASES such as JANUS KINASE 1. HN - 2007(1998) BX - Antigens, CD124 BX - CD124 Antigens MH - Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053666 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.380.750 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.405 MN - D23.101.100.110.405 MS - A low affinity interleukin-5 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-5. Several isoforms of the interleukin-5 receptor alpha subunit exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD125 BX - CD125 Antigens MH - Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053698 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.400.750 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.406 MN - D23.101.100.110.406 MS - A low affinity interleukin-6 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-6. HN - 2007(1997); for ANTIGENS, CD126 see RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-6 1997-2006 BX - Antigens, CD126 BX - CD126 Antigens MH - Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053699 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.420.450 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.407 MN - D23.101.100.110.407 MS - A low affinity interleukin-7 receptor subunit that combines with the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-7. HN - 2007(1998) BX - Antigens, CD127 BX - CD127 Antigens MH - Ionic Liquids UI - D052578 MN - D27.720.844.500 MS - Salts that melt below 100 C. Their low VOLATILIZATION can be an advantage over volatile organic solvents. HN - 2007 MH - Janus Kinase 1 UI - D053613 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.100 MN - D12.776.476.393.100 MS - A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from a broad variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS. HN - 2007(1992) MH - Janus Kinase 2 UI - D053614 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.200 MN - D12.776.476.393.200 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.117 MS - A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTORS; PROLACTIN RECEPTORS; and a variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS such as ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTORS and INTERLEUKIN RECEPTORS. Dysregulation of Janus kinase 2 due to GENETIC TRANSLOCATIONS have been associated with a variety of MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. HN - 2007(1992) MH - Janus Kinase 3 UI - D053616 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.300 MN - D12.776.476.393.300 MS - A Janus kinase subtype that is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cell. It is involved in signaling from a broad variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS including ones that utilize the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT. HN - 2007(1994) MH - Janus Kinases UI - D053612 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.124 MN - D12.776.476.393 MS - A family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that participate in the signaling cascade of cytokines by associating with specific CYTOKINE RECEPTORS. They act upon STAT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS in signaling pathway referred to as the JAK/STAT pathway. The name Janus kinase refers to the fact the proteins have two phosphate-transferring domains. HN - 2007 MH - Kaplan-Meiers Estimate UI - D053208 MN - E5.318.740.998.650 MN - G3.850.520.830.998.650 MN - H1.548.832.975.650 MN - N5.715.360.750.795.650 MS - A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995) HN - 2007 MH - Kappapapillomavirus UI - D052690 MN - B4.280.535.500 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.500 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.500 MN - B4.909.624.500 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, causing cutaneous and mucosal lesions in rabbits. COTTONTAIL RABBIT PAPILLOMAVIRUS is the type species. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-1 UI - D053556 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.100 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.100 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.100 MS - A type II keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-10 in terminally differentiated epidermal cells such as those that form the stratum corneum. Mutations in the genes that encode keratin-1 have been associated with HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC. HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-10 UI - D053550 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.100 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.100 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.100 MS - A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-1 in terminally differentiated epidermal cells such as those that form the stratum corneum. Mutations in the genes that encode keratin-10 have been associated with HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC. HN - 2007(1992) MH - Keratin-12 UI - D053551 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.200 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.200 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.200 MS - A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-3 in the CORNEA and is regarded as a marker for corneal-type epithelial differentiation. Mutations in the gene for keratin-12 have been associated with MEESMANN CORNEAL EPITHELIAL DYSTROPHY. HN - 2007(2003) MH - Keratin-13 UI - D053535 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.300 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.300 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.300 MS - A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-4 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Defects in gene for keratin 13 cause HEREDITARY MUCOSAL LEUKOKERATOSIS. HN - 2007(1989) MH - Keratin-14 UI - D053547 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.400 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.400 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.400 MS - A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-5 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the gene for keratin-14 are associated with EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Keratin-15 UI - D053569 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.500 MS - A type I keratin found in the basal layer of the adult epidermis and in other stratified epithelia. HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-16 UI - D053536 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.600 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.600 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.600 MS - A type I keratin expressed in a variety of EPITHELIUM, including the ESOPHAGUS, the TONGUE, the HAIR FOLLICLE and NAILS. Keratin-16 is normally found associated with KERATIN-6. Mutations in the gene for keratin-6 have been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 1. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Keratin-17 UI - D053537 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.700 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.700 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.700 MS - A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-6 in rapidly proliferating squamous epithelial tissue. Mutations in gene for keratin-17 has been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 2. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Keratin-18 UI - D053538 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.800 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.800 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.800 MS - A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-8 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia. HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-19 UI - D053539 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.900 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.900 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.900 MS - A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-7 in ductal epithelia and gastrointestinal epithelia. HN - 2007(1990) MH - Keratin-2 UI - D053557 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.200 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.200 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.200 MS - A type II keratin found expressed in the upper spinous layer of epidermal KERATINOCYTES. Mutations in genes that encode keratin-2A have been associated with ICHTHYOSIS BULLOSA OF SIEMENS. HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-20 UI - D053554 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300.950 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300.950 MN - D12.776.860.607.300.950 MS - A type I keratin expressed predominately in gastrointestinal epithelia, MERKEL CELLS, and the TASTE BUDS of the oral mucosa. HN - 2007(1993) MH - Keratin-3 UI - D053558 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.300 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.300 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.300 MS - A type II keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-12 in the CORNEA and is regarded as a marker for corneal-type epithelial differentiation. Mutations in the gene for keratin-3 have been associated with MEESMANN CORNEAL EPITHELIAL DYSTROPHY. HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-4 UI - D053527 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.400 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.400 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.400 MS - A type II keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-13 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Defects in gene for keratin-4 are a cause of HEREDITARY MUCOSAL LEUKOKERATOSIS. HN - 2007(1989) MH - Keratin-5 UI - D053555 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.500 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.500 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.500 MS - A type II keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-14 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the gene for keratin-5 are associated with EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX. HN - 2007 MH - Keratin-6 UI - D053553 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.600 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.600 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.600 MS - A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-16 or KERATIN-17 in rapidly proliferating squamous epithelial tissue. Mutations in gene for keratin-6A and keratin-6B have been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 1 and PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 2 respectively. HN - 2007(2006) MH - Keratin-7 UI - D053552 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.700 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.700 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.700 MS - A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-19 in ductal epithelia and gastrointestinal epithelia. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Keratin-8 UI - D053533 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.800 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.800 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.800 MS - A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-18 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia. HN - 2007(1989) MH - Keratin-9 UI - D053534 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600.900 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600.900 MN - D12.776.860.607.650.900 MS - A type II keratin found predominantly expressed in the terminally differentiated EPIDERMIS of palms and soles. Mutations in the gene for keratin 9 are associated with KERATODERMA, PALMOPLANTAR, EPIDERMOLYTIC. HN - 2007(1991) MH - Keratins, Hair-Specific UI - D053564 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.149 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.149 MN - D12.776.860.607.149 MS - Keratins that are specific for hard tissues such as HAIR; NAILS; and the filiform papillae of the TONGUE. HN - 2007 BX - Hair-Specific Cytokeratins MH - Keratins, Type I UI - D053530 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.300 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.300 MN - D12.776.860.607.300 MS - A keratin subtype that includes keratins that are generally smaller and more acidic that TYPE II KERATINS. Type I keratins combine with type II keratins to form keratin filaments. HN - 2007 MH - Keratins, Type II UI - D053531 MN - D5.750.78.593.450.600 MN - D12.776.220.475.450.600 MN - D12.776.860.607.650 MS - A keratin subtype that includes keratins that are generally larger and less acidic that TYPE I KERATINS. Type II keratins combine with type I keratins to form keratin filaments. HN - 2007 MH - Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Epidermolytic UI - D053546 MN - C16.320.850.475.440.500 MN - C17.800.428.435.440.500 MN - C17.800.827.475.440.500 MS - An autosomal dominant hereditary skin disease characterized by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis that is strictly confined to the palms and soles. It has been associated with mutations in the gene that codes for KERATIN-9. HN - 2007 MH - Kobuvirus UI - D052699 MN - B4.820.565.500 MN - B4.909.777.618.500 MS - A genus in the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose type species Aichi virus, causes gastroenteritis in humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Aichi virus MH - Lactotrophs UI - D052682 MN - A6.407.747.608.812 MN - A6.688.357.750.700.812 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.700.812 MN - A8.713.357.750.700.812 MN - A11.436.507 MS - Anterior pituitary cells that produce PROLACTIN. HN - 2007 BX - Pituitary Prolactin-Secreting Cells MH - Lambdapapillomavirus UI - D052691 MN - B4.280.535.520 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.520 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.520 MN - B4.909.624.520 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOVIRIDAE, causing mucosal and cutaneous lesions in cats and dogs. Canine oral papillomavirus is the type species. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 BX - Canine oral papillomavirus MH - Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins UI - D053779 MN - D12.776.157.458 MS - A family of secreted multidomain proteins that were originally identified by their association with the latent form of TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTORS. They interact with a variety of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS and may play a role in the regulation of TGB-beta bioavailability. HN - 2007(1990) BX - Latent TGF-beta Binding Protein MH - Lateral Line System UI - D053403 MN - A13.564 MS - Aquatic vertebrate sensory system in fish and amphibians. It is composed of sense organs (canal organs and pit organs) containing neuromasts (MECHANORECEPTORS) that detect water displacement caused by moving objects. HN - 2007 MH - Lethargy UI - D053609 MN - C10.597.606.441 MN - C23.888.592.604.444 MN - F1.700.470 MS - A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION. HN - 2007; use SLEEP STAGES 1977-2006 MH - Leukemia Inhibitory Factor UI - D053605 MN - D12.644.276.374.470 MN - D12.776.467.374.470 MN - D23.529.374.470 MS - An INTERLEUKIN-6 related cytokine that exhibits pleiotrophic effects on many physiological systems that involve cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Leukemia inhibitory factor binds to and acts through the LIF RECEPTOR. HN - 2007(1980) MH - Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit UI - D053680 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.500.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.555.800.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.250.750 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.493 MN - D23.101.100.110.493 MS - A receptor subunit that combines with CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form the dual specificity receptor for LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR and ONCOSTATIN M. The subunit is also a component of the CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR RECEPTOR. Both membrane-bound and secreted isoforms of the receptor subunit exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. The secreted isoform is believed to act as an inhibitory receptor, while the membrane-bound form is a signaling receptor. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD118 BX - CD118 Antigens MH - Leukokeratosis, Hereditary Mucosal UI - D053529 MN - C16.320.850.542 MN - C17.800.827.595 MS - An autosomal dominant disorder that is manifested by thickened spongiform ORAL MUCOSA with a white opalescent tint. Other MUCOSAL TISSUE may also be involved mucosa found in the VAGINA; RECTUM, and NASAL CAVITY may be similarly involved. This form of LEUKOKERATOSIS can be caused by a mutation in the gene for KERATIN 4 and is not considered a PRENEOPLASTIC CONDITION. HN - 2007 BX - White Sponge Nevus of Cannon MH - Lipid Metabolism Disorders UI - D052439 MN - C18.452.584 MS - Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007 MH - Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized UI - D052497 MN - C17.800.849.391.550 MN - C18.452.584.625.550 MN - C18.452.880.391.550 MS - Congenital disorders, usually autosomal recessive, characterized by severe generalized lack of ADIPOSE TISSUE, extreme INSULIN RESISTANCE, and HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. HN - 2007; use DIABETES MELLITUS, LIPOATROPHIC 2005-2006 MH - Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial UI - D052496 MN - C17.800.849.391.700 MN - C18.452.584.625.700 MN - C18.452.880.391.700 MS - Inherited conditions characterized by the partial loss of ADIPOSE TISSUE, either confined to the extremities with normal or increased fat deposits on the face, neck and trunk (type 1), or confined to the loss of SUBCUTANEOUS FAT from the limbs and trunk (type 2). HN - 2007; use DIABETES MELLITUS, LIPOATROPHIC 2005-2006 MH - Lipoproteins, HDL2 UI - D053439 MN - D10.532.432.700 MN - D12.776.521.479.735 MS - Low-density subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes between 8 to 13 nm. HN - 2007 (1980) BX - High Density Lipoprotein-2 MH - Lipoproteins, HDL3 UI - D053440 MN - D10.532.432.850 MN - D12.776.521.479.867 MS - Intermediate-density subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes between 7 to 8 nm. As the larger lighter HDL2 lipoprotein, HDL3 lipoprotein is lipid-rich. HN - 2007 (1980) BX - High Density Lipoprotein-3 MH - Lipoproteins, IDL UI - D053419 MN - D10.532.473 MN - D12.776.521.514 MS - A mixture of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), particularly the triglyceride-poor VLDL, with slow diffuse electrophoretic mobilities in the beta and alpha2 regions which are similar to that of beta-lipoproteins (LDL) or alpha-lipoproteins (HDL). They can be intermediate (remnant) lipoproteins in the de-lipidation process, or remnants of mutant CHYLOMICRONS and VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS which cannot be metabolized completely as seen in FAMILIAL DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA. HN - 2007, use LIPOPROTEINS, IDL (NM) 1978-2006; for BETA-VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS use LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL 1982-2006; for ALPHA2-VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS use LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL 1986-2006 BX - alpha2-Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins BX - beta-Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins MH - Listonella UI - D053526 MN - B3.440.450.900.500 MN - B3.660.250.830.500 MS - A genus of gram-negative bacteria with curved rods, in the family VIBRIONACEAE. The organisms are chemoorganotrophic and are found in marine environments. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007; use VIBRIONACEAE 2004-2006 MH - Luteoviridae UI - D052679 MN - B4.715.435 MN - B4.820.420 MS - A family of RNA plant viruses infecting disparate plant families. They are transmitted by specific aphid vectors. There are three genera: LUTEOVIRUS; Polerovirus; and Enamovirus. HN - 2007 BX - Enamovirus BX - Polerovirus MH - Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer UI - D053361 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.505 MN - D12.644.276.972.505 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.505 MN - D12.776.467.972.505 MN - D23.529.374.750.505 MN - D23.529.972.505 MS - A heterotrimer complex consisting of one molecule of LYMPHOTOXIN-ALPHA and two molecules of the LYMPHOTOXIN-BETA. It is anchored to the cell surface via the transmembrane domains of the lymphotoxin-beta component and has specificity for the LYMPHOTOXIN BETA RECEPTOR. The lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 heterotrimer plays a role in regulating lymphoid ORGANOGENESIS and the differentiation of certain subsets of NATURAL KILLER CELLS. HN - 2007 MH - Lymphotoxin beta Receptor UI - D053259 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.245 MS - A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It has specificity for LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA1, BETA2 HETEROTRIMER and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 14. The receptor plays a role in regulating lymphoid ORGANOGENESIS and the differentiation of certain subsets of NATURAL KILLER-T CELLS. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007(1994) BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 3 MH - Lymphotoxin-beta UI - D053308 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.515 MN - D12.644.276.972.515 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.515 MN - D12.776.467.972.515 MN - D23.529.374.750.515 MN - D23.529.972.515 MS - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on LYMPHOCYTES. It can form a heterotrimer (LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA1, BETA2 HETEROTRIMER) with the soluble ligand LYMPHOTOXIN-ALPHA and anchor it to the cell surface. The membrane-bound complex is specific for the LYMPHOTOXIN BETA receptor. HN - 2007(1995) BX - Lymphotoxin beta BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 3 MH - Lysobacter UI - D053528 MN - B3.440.400.425.967.500 MN - B3.660.250.915.500 MS - A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding bacteria in the family XANTHOMONADACEAE. Strongly proteolytic, it is involved in lysing a variety of microorganisms. HN - 2007; use XANTHOMONADACEAE (2004-2006) MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional UI - D053783 MN - E1.370.350.500.755 MN - E4.800.560 MS - Minimally invasive procedures carried out with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize tissue structures. HN - 2007 BX - Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging BX - MR Guided Interventional Procedures BX - MRI, Interventional MH - Magnetocardiography UI - D053798 MN - E1.370.370.380.487 MN - E1.370.405.435 MS - The measurement of magnetic fields generated by electric currents from the heart. The measurement of these fields provides information which is complementary to that provided by ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY. HN - 2007 MH - Male Urogenital Diseases UI - D052801 MN - C12 MS - Pathological processes of the male URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, MALE). AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007 MH - Marinobacter UI - D053520 MN - B3.660.250.21.480 MS - A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family ALTEROMONADACEAE. The inability to utilize carbohydrates is a distinguishing feature from other genera in the family. HN - 2007 MH - Marinomonas UI - D053544 MN - B3.660.250.540.500 MS - A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the family OCEANOSPIRILLACEAE. Members of this genus have the ability to synthesize MELANIN pigments. HN - 2007 MH - Mating Preference, Animal UI - D052586 MN - F1.145.113.252.748.300 MS - The selection or choice of sexual partner in animals. Often this reproductive preference is based on traits in the potential mate, such as coloration, size, or behavioral boldness. If the chosen ones are genetically different from the rejected ones, then NATURAL SELECTION is occurring. HN - 2007 MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 UI - D053506 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.400 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.400 MS - A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that may play a role in matrix degradation during WOUND HEALING. It is expressed at high levels by KERATINOCYTES, suggesting its role in keratinocyte migration. HN - 2007(1992) BX - Stromelysin 2 MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 UI - D053507 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.450 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.450 MS - A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that is believed to play a role in EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX remodeling and cell fate determination during normal and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 was originally isolated in primary BREAST NEOPLASMS and may be involved in the process of tumorigenesis. HN - 2007(1992) BX - Stromelysin 3 MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 UI - D053508 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.500 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.500 MS - A secreted matrix metalloproteinase which is highly expressed by MACROPHAGES where it may play a role in INFLAMMATION and WOUND HEALING. HN - 2007(1987) MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 UI - D053509 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.205.363 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.550 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.205.363 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.550 MS - A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that plays a physiological role in the degradation of extracellular matrix found in skeletal tissues. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor that is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminal propeptide. HN - 2007(1994) BX - Collagenase 3 MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 UI - D053511 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.500 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.500 MS - A transmembrane domain-containing matrix metalloproteinase. It is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that is activated by the action of PROPROTEIN CONVERTASES such as FURIN. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 plays a direct role in the cleavage of proteins in the pericellular environment. In addition it can function indirectly by enzymatically activating the proprotein form of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 15. HN - 2007(1994) MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 15 UI - D053517 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.550 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.625 MS - A transmembrane domain-containing matrix metalloproteinase that plays a role in the cleavage of proteins in the pericellular environment. It is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that is activated by the action of ENDOPEPTIDASES such as MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 14. HN - 2007(2005) MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 16 UI - D053513 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.600 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.750 MS - A transmembrane domain-containing matrix metalloproteinase. It is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that is activated by the proteolytic action of PROPROTEIN CONVERTASES. Matrix metalloproteinase 16 plays a direct role in the cleavage of proteins in the pericellular environment. In addition it can function indirectly by enzymatically activating the proprotein form of other MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES such as the zymogen of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 2. HN - 2007(2005) MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 17 UI - D053515 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.650 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.875 MS - A membrane-type metalloproteinase that is associated with the CELL MEMBRANE via a GLYCOSYL-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL linkage. It is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that is activated by the action of PROPROTEIN CONVERTASES such as FURIN. HN - 2007(2005) MH - Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 UI - D053519 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.800 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.800 MS - A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that is the predominant proteolytic activity in the enamel matrix. The enzyme has a high specificity for dental enamel matrix protein AMELOGENIN. HN - 2007(1997) BX - Enamelysin MH - Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated UI - D053504 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.300 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.300 MN - D12.776.543.493 MS - Matrix metalloproteinases that are associated with the CELL MEMBRANE, either through transmembrane domains or GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL ANCHORS. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases may act within the pericellular environment to influence the process of CELL MIGRATION. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007(1994) BX - Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase MH - Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted UI - D053505 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700 MS - A subclass of matrix metalloproteinases that are secreted into the pericellular space. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007 MH - Melanocortins UI - D053486 MN - D6.472.699.327.935.531 MN - D6.472.699.631.525.475.531 MN - D12.644.400.400.935.531 MN - D12.644.548.365.935.531 MN - D12.644.548.691.525.690.531 MN - D12.776.641.650.405.935.531 MS - Peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which can stimulate MELANOCYTES or CORTICOTROPHS. Melanocortins include ACTH; ALPHA-MSH; and other peptides such as BETA-MSH and GAMMA-MSH, derived from other fragments of POMC. These peptides act through a variety of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTORS to control different functions including steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis, feeding, and skin pigmentation. HN - 2007 MH - Melanotrophs UI - D052717 MN - A6.407.747.671.500 MN - A6.688.357.750.717.500 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.717.500 MN - A8.713.357.750.717.500 MN - A11.436.636 MS - Neuroendocrine cells in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY. They produce MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONES and other peptides from the post-translational processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). HN - 2007 BX - Pituitary Melanotropin-Producing Cells MH - Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial UI - D053078 MN - G6.535.335.770.500 MN - G7.453.697.550 MS - The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP. HN - 2007 MH - Menstrual Hygiene Products UI - D052576 MN - E7.357.500 MS - Personal care items used during MENSTRUATION. AN - note entry term VAGINAL TAMPON: TAMPONS, SURGICAL is also available HN - 2007; for VAGINAL TAMPON use TAMPONS 1978-2006 BX - Tampons, Menstrual MH - Merozoites UI - D052940 MN - A11.870.740.800.500 MN - G7.574.500.550.500.800.500 MS - Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan PROTOZOA. Merozoites, released from ruptured multinucleate SCHIZONTS, enter the blood stream and infect the ERYTHROCYTES. HN - 2007 MH - Metabolic Networks and Pathways UI - D053858 MN - G6.535.553 MS - Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007 MH - Metal Nanoparticles UI - D053768 MN - J1.637.512.600.500 MS - Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver. HN - 2007 BX - Metal Nanocrystals MH - Metarhizium UI - D052981 MN - B5.381.541 MS - A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES. HN - 2007 MH - Microcystins UI - D052998 MN - D4.345.566.447 MN - D12.644.641.447 MS - Cyclic heptapeptides found in MICROCYSTIS and other CYANOBACTERIA. Hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects have been noted. They are sometimes called cyanotoxins, which should not be confused with chemicals containing a cyano group (CN) which are toxic. HN - 2007 MH - Microsatellite Instability UI - D053842 MN - C23.550.362.590 MN - G13.370.590 MN - G13.920.590.335.590 MS - The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR. HN - 2007 MH - Mink enteritis virus UI - D053490 MN - B4.280.580.650.600.325.500 MS - A species of the genus PARVOVIRUS and a host range variant of FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS. It causes a highly contagious inflammatory gastroenteritis (MINK VIRAL ENTERITIS). In addition to mink, this virus can also infect cats and dogs. AN - infection in mink = MINK VIRAL ENTERITIS; infection in cats: coordinate with FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA (IM); infection in dogs: coordinate with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007; use PARVOVIRUS 2002-2006, use FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS 1991-2001, use PARVOVIRIDAE 1975 -1990 BX - Infectious Enteritis Virus of Mink MH - Mink Viral Enteritis UI - D053489 MN - C2.256.700.550 MN - C22.557 MS - A highly contagious parvovirus infection in mink, caused by MINK ENTERITIS VIRUS or the closely related FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS or CANINE PARVOVIRUS. Transmission usually occurs by the fecal/oral route. AN - add MINK (IM) HN - 2007; use FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA 1970-1996 BX - Enteritis, Infectious, of Mink MH - Mitochondrial Size UI - D053142 MN - G4.335.760.560 MS - The quantity of volume or surface area of MITOCHONDRIA. AN - coordinate with specific mitochondria term if pertinent HN - 2007 FX - Mitochondrial Swelling MH - Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Disease UI - D052517 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.850.750 MN - C16.320.565.189.435.825.850.750 MN - C16.320.565.398.641.803.925.750 MN - C16.320.565.595.554.825.850.750 MN - C18.452.132.100.435.825.850.750 MN - C18.452.584.687.803.925.750 MN - C18.452.648.189.435.825.850.750 MN - C18.452.648.398.641.803.925.750 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.850.750 MS - An inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of sulfur-containing lipids (sulfatides) and MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES. Excess levels of both substrates are present in urine. This is a disorder of multiple sulfatase (arylsulfatases A, B, and C) deficiency which is caused by the mutation of sulfatase-modifying factor-1. Neurological deterioration is rapid. HN - 2007; use SPHINGOLIPIDOSES 2000-2006 MH - Mupapillomavirus UI - D052692 MN - B4.280.535.540 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.540 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.540 MN - B4.909.624.540 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, causing cutaneous lesions in humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 MH - Muscle Strength UI - D053580 MN - E1.370.600.425 MN - G11.427.713.575 MS - The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER. HN - 2007 FX - Muscle Contraction MH - Muscle Strength Dynamometer UI - D053581 MN - E7.230.460 MS - A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy. HN - 2007 MH - Muscle Stretching Exercises UI - D052580 MN - E2.403.703 MN - E2.695.199.750 MN - E2.779.480.750 MN - E2.831.387.750 MS - Exercises that stretch the muscle fibers with the aim to increase muscle-tendon FLEXIBILITY, improve RANGE OF MOTION or musculoskeletal function, and prevent injuries. There are various types of stretching techniques including active, passive (relaxed), static, dynamic (gentle), ballistic (forced), isometric, and others. HN - 2007 FX - Yoga MH - Myeloblastin UI - D053146 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.530 MS - A polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived serine protease that degrades proteins such as ELASTIN; FIBRONECTIN; LAMININ; VITRONECTIN; and COLLAGEN. It is named for its ability to control myeloid cell growth and differentiation. HN - 2007 BX - Neutrophil Proteinase 3 BX - Wegener Autoantigen FX - Wegener Granulomatosis MH - Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 UI - D053594 MN - D12.644.360.24.304 MN - D12.776.157.57.64 MN - D12.776.476.24.390 MS - An intracellular signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR and INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTORS signal transduction. It forms a signaling complex with the activated cell surface receptors and members of the IRAK KINASES. HN - 2007(1990) MH - Nandiniidae UI - D053827 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.575 MS - A family in the suborder Feliformia, order CARNIVORA, comprising one genus Nandinia binotata. AN - note entry terms: CIVETS see VIVERRIDAE and CIVET, MALAGASY see EUPLERIDAE are also available HN - 2007 BX - African Palm Civet BX - Nandinia binotata MH - Nanocapsules UI - D053769 MN - D26.255.260.575 MN - D27.720.280.260.575 MN - E2.319.300.380.575 MN - J1.637.512.600.575 MS - Nanometer-sized, hollow, spherically-shaped objects that can be utilized to encapsulate small amounts of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, or other catalysts (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, 4th ed). HN - 2007 MH - Nanocomposites UI - D053761 MN - J1.637.512.150 MS - Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed) HN - 2007 MH - Nanoparticles UI - D053758 MN - J1.637.512.600 MS - Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging. HN - 2007; use NANOSTRUCTURES 2005-2006 BX - Nanocrystalline Materials BX - Nanocrystals MH - Nanoviridae UI - D052657 MN - B4.280.498 MN - B4.715.499 MS - A family of DNA viruses infecting plants and transmitted by APHIDS. Genera include NANOVIRUS and BABUVIRUS. HN - 2007 MH - Nanowires UI - D053770 MN - J1.637.512.925 MS - Nanometer-scale wires made of materials that conduct electricity. They can be coated with molecules such as antibodies that will bind to proteins and other substances. HN - 2007 MH - Naphthalimides UI - D053644 MN - D2.478.480 MN - D3.383.621.808.612 MN - D3.438.531.460 MN - D4.615.638.596 MS - Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. HN - 2007 MH - Nephrolithiasis UI - D053040 MN - C12.777.419.600 MN - C12.777.967.249 MN - C13.351.968.419.600 MN - C13.351.968.967.249 MS - Formation of stones in the KIDNEY. HN - 2007; use KIDNEY CALCULI 2006 MH - Nervous System Physiologic Phenomena UI - D052777 MN - G11.561.525 MS - Observable or measurable characteristics of the NERVOUS SYSTEM. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2007 MH - Nervous System Physiologic Processes UI - D052778 MN - G11.561.531 MS - Biological actions and events that constitute the functions of the NERVOUS SYSTEM. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2007 MH - Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A UI - D052536 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700.500 MN - C15.604.667.400.410.625.500 MN - C16.320.565.189.435.825.700.500 MN - C16.320.565.398.641.803.730.500 MN - C16.320.565.595.554.825.700.500 MN - C18.452.132.100.435.825.700.500 MN - C18.452.584.687.803.730.500 MN - C18.452.648.189.435.825.700.500 MN - C18.452.648.398.641.803.730.500 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.700.500 MS - The classic infantile form of Niemann-Pick Disease, caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE. It is characterized by accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS in the cells of the RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM and other cell throughout the body leading to cell death. Clinical signs include JAUNDICE, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe brain damage. HN - 2007; use NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES 2000-2006 BX - Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Disease MH - Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B UI - D052537 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700.750 MN - C15.604.667.400.410.625.750 MN - C16.320.565.189.435.825.700.750 MN - C16.320.565.398.641.803.730.750 MN - C16.320.565.595.554.825.700.750 MN - C18.452.132.100.435.825.700.750 MN - C18.452.584.687.803.730.750 MN - C18.452.648.189.435.825.700.750 MN - C18.452.648.398.641.803.730.750 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.700.750 MS - An allelic disorder of TYPE A NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE, a late-onset form. It is also caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE but clinical signs involve only visceral organs (non-neuropathic type). HN - 2007; use NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES 2000-2006 MH - Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C UI - D052556 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700.875 MN - C15.604.667.400.410.625.875 MN - C16.320.565.189.435.825.700.875 MN - C16.320.565.398.641.803.730.875 MN - C16.320.565.595.554.825.700.875 MN - C18.452.132.100.435.825.700.875 MN - C18.452.584.687.803.730.875 MN - C18.452.648.189.435.825.700.875 MN - C18.452.648.398.641.803.730.875 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.700.875 MS - An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of gene (NPC1) encoding a protein that mediate intracellular cholesterol transport from lysosomes. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry. HN - 2007; use NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES 2000-2006 BX - Niemann-Pick Disease, Type D MH - Nocturia UI - D053158 MN - C23.888.942.350 MS - Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS). HN - 2007; use URINATION DISORDERS 1994-2006 BX - Nycturia MH - Nocturnal Enuresis UI - D053206 MN - C12.777.934.284.500 MN - C13.351.968.934.252.500 MN - F1.145.126.856.500 MN - F3.550.375.400.500 MS - Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control. HN - 2007; use ENURESIS 1998-2006 BX - Bedwetting MH - Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins UI - D053472 MN - D12.644.360.24.305 MN - D12.776.157.57.68 MN - D12.776.476.24.391 MS - Cytosolic signaling adaptor proteins that were initially discovered by their role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of organisms that lack an adaptive immune system. This class of proteins contains three domains, a C-terminal ligand recognition domain, an N-terminal effector-binding domain, and a centrally located nuclear-binding oligomerization domain. Many members of this class contain a C-terminal leucine rich domain which binds to PEPTIDOGLYCAN on the surface of BACTERIA and plays a role in pathogen resistance. HN - 2007 BX - Nuclear-Binding Oligomerization Domain Proteins MH - Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein UI - D053474 MN - D12.644.360.24.131.249 MN - D12.644.360.24.305.249 MN - D12.644.360.75.358.249 MN - D12.776.157.57.04.249 MN - D12.776.157.57.68.249 MN - D12.776.476.24.139.249 MN - D12.776.476.24.391.249 MN - D12.776.476.75.358.249 MS - A NOD-signaling adaptor protein that contains a C-terminal leucine-rich domain which recognizes bacterial PEPTIDOGLYCAN. It signals via an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain that interacts with other CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as RIP SERINE-THEONINE KINASES. It plays a role in the host defense response by signaling the activation of CASPASES and the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. HN - 2007 BX - Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 1 Protein MH - Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein UI - D053473 MN - D12.644.360.24.131.500 MN - D12.644.360.24.305.500 MN - D12.644.360.75.358.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.04.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.68.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.139.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.391.500 MN - D12.776.476.75.358.500 MS - A NOD signaling adaptor protein that contains two C-terminal leucine-rich domains which recognize bacterial PEPTIDOGLYCAN. It signals via an N-terminal capase recruitment domain that interacts with other CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as RIP SERINE-THEONINE KINASES. The protein plays a role in the host defense response by signaling the activation of CASPASES and the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. Mutations of the gene encoding the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 protein have been associated with increased susceptibility to CROHN DISEASE. HN - 2007 BX - Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 2 Protein MH - Nuchal Cord UI - D053589 MN - C13.703.413 MN - C16.300.790 MS - A complication of pregnancy in which the UMBILICAL CORD wraps around the fetal neck once or multiple times. In some cases, cord entanglement around fetal neck may not affect pregnancy outcome significantly. In others, the nuchal cord may lead to restricted fetal blood flow, oxygen transport, fetal development, fetal movement, and complicated delivery at birth. HN - 2007 BX - Fetal Cord Entanglement MH - Nuclear Reprogramming UI - D053708 MN - G5.680 MS - The process that reverts CELL NUCLEI of fully differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent or totipotent state. This process can be achieved to a certain extent by NUCLEAR TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, such as fusing somatic cell nuclei with enucleated pluripotent embryonic stem cells or enucleated totipotent oocytes. GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING of the fused hybrid cells is used to determine the degree of reprogramming. Dramatic results of nuclear reprogramming include the generation of cloned mammals, such as Dolly the sheep in 1997. HN - 2007 FX - Nuclear Transfer Techniques MH - Nuclear Transfer Techniques UI - D053652 MN - E5.393.580 MN - E5.820.540 MS - Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell. Often the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into a recipient OVUM or stem cell (STEM CELLS) with the nucleus removed. This technology may provide means to generate autologous diploid pluripotent cell for therapeutic cloning, and a model for studying NUCLEAR REPROGRAMMING in embryonic stem cells. Nuclear transfer was first accomplished with frog eggs (RANA PIPIENS) and reported in 1952. HN - 2007 FX - Cloning, Organism FX - Nuclear Reprogramming MH - Nutrition Phenomena UI - D052797 MN - G6.696.648 MS - Observable or measurable characteristics of nutrition. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2007 MH - Nutrition Processes UI - D052796 MN - G6.696.692 MS - Biological actions and events that constitute the steps by which living organisms take in and assimilate NUTRIENTS. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2007 FX - Autotrophic Processes FX - Chemoautotrophic Growth FX - Heterotrophic Processes FX - Phototrophic Processes MH - Nutritional Sciences UI - D052756 MN - G2.533 MS - The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease. HN - 2007 FX - Food Technology FX - Nutrition Physiology MH - Oncostatin M UI - D053683 MN - D12.644.276.374.562 MN - D12.776.467.374.562 MN - D23.529.374.562 MS - A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironment. Oncostatin M is a 28 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that is similar in structure to LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR. Its name derives from the the observation that it inhibited the growth of tumor cells and augmented the growth of normal fibroblasts. HN - 2007(1987) MH - Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit UI - D053681 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.555.600.750 MS - An ONCOSTATIN M-specific receptor subunit that combines with CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form the ONCOSTATIN M TYPE II RECEPTOR. HN - 2007(2003) MH - Opiate Alkaloids UI - D053610 MN - D3.132.577 MS - Alkaloids found in OPIUM from PAPAVER that induce analgesic and narcotic effects by action upon OPIOID RECEPTORS. HN - 2007 FX - Opium MH - Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome UI - D053578 MN - C4.588.614.550.600 MN - C4.730.856.596 MN - C10.228.758.500 MN - C10.292.562.831 MN - C10.574.781.662 MN - C10.597.350.500.500 MN - C11.590.725 MS - A neurological condition that is characterized by uncontrolled rapid irregular movements of the eye (OPSOCLONUS) and the muscle (MYOCLONUS) causing unsteady, trembling gait. It is also known as dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome and is often associated with neoplasms, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders involving the nervous system. HN - 2007; use PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES, NERVOUS SYSTEM 2000-2006 BX - Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Ataxia MH - Optical Tweezers UI - D052898 MN - E7.525.500 MN - H1.671.606.552.548.500 MN - H1.671.768.638.578.548.500 MS - Use of the momentum of laser light forces, typically with force of tens of piconewtons, to manipulate individual objects. HN - 2007 MH - Organelle Shape UI - D053140 MN - G4.335.750 MS - The quality of surface form or outline of ORGANELLES. AN - coordinate with specific organelle HN - 2007 MH - Organelle Size UI - D053141 MN - G4.335.760 MS - The quantity of volume or surface area of ORGANELLES. AN - coordinate with specific organelle; MITOCHONDRIAL SIZE is also available HN - 2007 MH - Oseltamivir UI - D053139 MN - D2.65.64.525 MN - D2.455.426.392.368.367.379.500 MS - An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE. HN - 2007(1997) BX - GS 4071 MH - Osteopontin UI - D053495 MN - D12.644.276.374.625 MN - D12.776.467.374.625 MN - D12.776.860.300.762 MN - D23.529.374.625 MS - A negatively-charged extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in the regulation of BONE metabolism and a variety of other biological functions. Cell signaling by osteopontin may occur through a cell adhesion sequence that recognizes INTEGRIN ALPHA-V BETA-3. HN - 2007(1987) MH - Osteoprotegerin UI - D053244 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.249 MS - A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B. HN - 2007(1997) BX - Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 11b BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 11b MH - OX40 Ligand UI - D053278 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.531 MN - D12.644.276.972.531 MN - D12.776.395.550.597 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.531 MN - D12.776.467.972.531 MN - D12.776.543.550.590 MN - D23.529.374.750.531 MN - D23.529.972.531 MS - A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member that is expressed on activated antigen-presenting cells such as B-LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. It signals T-LYMPHOCYTES by binding the OX40 RECEPTOR. HN - 2007 BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 4 MH - Oxyntomodulin UI - D053772 MN - D6.472.317.469.750 MS - A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of GLICENTIN. It is mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. Oxyntomodulin can reduce digestive secretions, delay gastric emptying, and reduced food intake. HN - 2007 (2005) MH - Pachyonychia Congenita UI - D053549 MN - C16.131.831.350.856 MN - C16.320.850.250.856 MN - C17.800.529.594 MN - C17.800.804.350.856 MN - C17.800.827.250.856 MS - A group of inherited ectodermal dysplasias whose most prominent clinical feature is hypertrophic nail dystrophy resulting in PACHYONYCHIA. Several specific subtypes of pachyonychia congenita have been associated with mutations in genes that encode KERATINS. HN - 2007 BX - Pachyonychia Congenita, Type 1 BX - Pachyonychia Congenita, Type 2 FX - Nails, Malformed MH - Pain, Referred UI - D053591 MN - C10.597.617.894 MN - C23.888.592.612.888 MN - C23.888.646.690 MS - A type of pain that is perceived in an area away from the site where the pain arises, such as facial pain caused by lesion of the VAGUS NERVE, or throat problem generating referred pain in the ear. AN - coordinate with specific pain term if pertinent HN - 2007; for REFERRED FACIAL PAIN use FACIAL PAIN 2000-2006 BX - Facial Pain, Referred BX - Referred Pain MH - Pallidotomy UI - D053860 MN - E4.525.575 MS - Producing a lesion in the posteroventral portion of the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and other extrapyramidal disorders. The placement of the lesion is aided by STEREOTACTIC TECHNIQUES and imaging procedures. HN - 2007 MH - Panax notoginseng UI - D053723 MN - B6.388.100.87.500.500 MS - A plant species of the genus PANAX. It contains damarane-type tetracyclic TRITERPENES. The common names of Sanchi or Tienchi are also used for Panax pseudoginseng which is distinguished in containing oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 MH - Papillomavirus Vaccines UI - D053918 MN - D20.215.894.899.498 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Human vaccines are intended to reduce the incidence of UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, so they are sometimes considered a type of CANCER VACCINES. They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS. HN - 2007 BX - Human Papillomavirus Vaccines FX - Cancer Vaccines MH - Particulate Matter UI - D052638 MN - D20.633 MS - Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES. HN - 2007 MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations, Dental UI - D053210 MN - D25.651 MN - D26.655 MS - Drugs intended for DENTISTRY. AN - general or unspecified only; do not add routinely as a coordinate with specific drugs HN - 2007 MH - PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase UI - D053402 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.616 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.616 MN - D12.776.395.550.611 MN - D12.776.543.550.607 MS - A membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase that may play a role in the degradation or activation of a variety of PEPTIDE HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Genetic mutations that result in loss of function of this protein are a cause of HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS, X-LINKED DOMINANT. HN - 2007(1995) MH - Phloem UI - D052585 MN - B6.413.11 MS - Plant tissue that carries nutrients, especially sucrose, by turgor pressure. Movement is bidirectional, in contrast to XYLEM where it is only upward. Phloem originates and grows outwards from meristematic cells (MERISTEM) in the vascular cambium. P-proteins, a type of LECTINS, are characteristically found in phloem. HN - 2007 MH - Phototrophic Processes UI - D052817 MN - G6.535.795 MS - Processes by which phototrophic organisms use sunlight as their primary energy source. Contrasts with chemotrophic processes which do not depend on light and function in deriving energy from exogenous chemical sources. Photoautotrophy (or photolithotrophy) is the ability to use sunlight as energy to fix inorganic nutrients to be used for other organic requirements. Photoautotrophs include all green plants, GREEN ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIA, and green and PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA. Photoheterotrophs or photoorganotrophs require a supply of organic nutrients for their organic requirements but use sunlight as their primary energy source; examples include certain PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIA. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; HETEROTROPHY; chemotrophy; or phototrophy) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements. AN - distinguish from PHOTOTROPISM HN - 2007 FX - Autotrophic Processes FX - Chemoautotrophic Growth FX - Heterotrophic Processes FX - Nutrition Processes MH - Phycobilins UI - D052980 MN - D3.383.129.578.840.468 MN - D3.549.909.468 MN - D4.345.783.468 MS - Open chain tetrapyrroles that function as light harvesting chromophores in PHYCOBILIPROTEINS. HN - 2007 MH - Phycobiliproteins UI - D052979 MN - D5.500.249.600.666 MN - D12.776.758.490.500.500 MS - Light harvesting proteins found in phycobilisomes. HN - 2007; use LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES 2004-2006, use LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES (NM) 1980-2003 & PROTEINS 1978-1979 MH - Pinch Strength UI - D052581 MN - E1.370.600.425.500.500 MN - G11.427.713.575.500.500 MS - Force exerted when using the index finger and the thumb. It is a test for determining maximum voluntary contraction force. HN - 2007 MH - Piscirickettsia UI - D053522 MN - B3.660.250.565.600 MS - A genus of bacteria in the family PISCIRICKETTSIACEAE that is an intracellular rickettsial-like pathogen of FISHES, especially species in the family SALMONIDAE. AN - infection = PISCIRICKETTSIACEAE INFECTIONS HN - 2007; use PISCIRICKETTSIACEAE 2004-2006 MH - Pitheciidae UI - D053820 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.600.575 MS - A family of New World monkeys in the infraorder PLATYRRHINI consisting of two subfamilies: Callicebinae and Pitheciinae. AN - index NIM with no qualifiers when an experimental animal; diseases: coordinate IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM) HN - 2007; for Cacajao, Callicebinae, Chiropotes, & Pithecinae use CEBIDAE 1992-2006 BX - Cacajao BX - Callicebinae BX - Chiropotes BX - Pithecia BX - Pitheciinae MH - Pituitary Gland, Intermediate UI - D052716 MN - A6.407.747.671 MN - A6.688.357.750.717 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.717 MN - A8.713.357.750.717 MS - The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. It shows considerable size variation among the species, small in humans, and large in amphibians and lower vertebrates. This lobe produces mainly MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONES and other peptides from post-translational processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). AN - diseases: coordinate IM with PITUITARY DISEASES (IM) or specifics (IM) HN - 2007 BX - Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary MH - Plant Exudates UI - D053147 MN - D20.215.721 MS - Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS. HN - 2007 FX - Exudates and Transudates MH - Plant Gums UI - D053149 MN - D5.750.78.739 MN - D9.698.700 MN - D20.215.721.249 MS - Polysaccharide gums from PLANTS. HN - 2007 MH - Plant Viral Movement Proteins UI - D053830 MN - D12.776.964.970.700 MS - Viral proteins that facilitate the movement of viruses between plant cells by means of PLASMODESMATA, channels that traverse the plant cell walls. AN - coordinate with specific virus HN - 2007 (1991) BX - Movement Proteins, Viral, Plant BX - Viral Movement Proteins, Plant MH - Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases UI - D053499 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.125.249 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.250.500.249 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.250.500.249 MS - Calcium-transporting ATPases found on the PLASMA MEMBRANE that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM from the CYTOPLASM into the extracellular space. They play a role in maintaining a CALCIUM gradient across plasma membrane. HN - 2007(1995) MH - Platelet-Rich Plasma UI - D053657 MN - A12.207.152.693.600 MN - A12.207.270.695.600 MN - A15.145.693.600 MS - A preparation consisting of PLATELETS concentrated in a limited volume of PLASMA. This is used in various surgical tissue regeneration procedures where the GROWTH FACTORS in the platelets enhance wound healing and regeneration. HN - 2007 MH - Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated UI - D053717 MN - C1.539.248.500 MN - C8.381.677.800 MN - C8.730.610.750 MS - Serious INFLAMMATION of the LUNG in patients who required the use of PULMONARY VENTILATOR. It is usually caused by cross bacterial infections in hospitals (NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS). HN - 2007 BX - Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia MH - Pollen Tube UI - D053205 MN - B6.413.24.249.500.500.500 MS - A growth from a pollen grain down into the flower style which allows two SPERM to pass, one to the OVUM within the ovule, and the other to the central cell of the ovule to produce endosperm of SEEDS. HN - 2007; use FLOWERS 2002-2006 MH - Polyacetylenes UI - D053279 MN - D2.455.326.397.662 MS - Hydrocarbons with more than one triple bond; or an oxidized form of POLYENES. They can react with SULFUR to form THIOPHENES. HN - 2007 BX - Polyacetylene BX - Polyynes MH - Polyunsaturated Alkamides UI - D053284 MN - D2.65.160 MN - D2.455.326.271.60 MN - D2.455.326.397.675 MS - Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation. HN - 2007 BX - Polyunsaturated Alkylamides BX - Polyunsaturated Isobutylamides MH - Pongamia UI - D052596 MN - B6.388.100.401.698 MS - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain karanjin. Some species of this genus have been reclassified to other genera of FABACEAE including Callerya, DERRIS and MILLETTIA. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 BX - Karanja MH - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus UI - D053485 MN - B4.820.504.540.150.665 MN - B4.909.777.500.540.150.665 MS - A species of CORONAVIRUS causing acute enteritis in swine. Infections have been seen mostly in Europe, where it is endemic, and in China. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007 MH - Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome UI - D053570 MN - C22.905.690 MS - A worldwide emerging disease of weaned piglets first recognized in swine herds in western Canada in 1997. This syndrome is characterized by progressive weight loss, rapid (tachypnea) and difficult (dyspnea) breathing, and yellowing of skin. PMWS is caused by PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS infection, specifically type 2 or PCV-2. HN - 2007 BX - Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome, Porcine MH - Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins UI - D052899 MN - D12.776.543.695 MS - Proteins secreted from an organism which form membrane-spanning pores in target cells to destroy them. This is in contrast to PORINS and MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that function within the synthesizing organism and COMPLEMENT immune proteins. These pore forming cytotoxic proteins are a form of primitive cellular defense which are also found in human LYMPHOCYTES. HN - 2007 FX - Porins MH - Presenilin-1 UI - D053764 MN - D12.776.543.696.500 MS - Integral membrane protein of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Its homodimer is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN precursors. PSEN1 mutations cause early-onset ALZHEIMER DISEASE type 3 that may occur as early as 30 years of age in humans. HN - 2007 MH - Presenilin-2 UI - D053766 MN - D12.776.543.696.750 MS - Integral membrane protein of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Its homodimer is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN precursors. PSEN2 mutations cause ALZHEIMER DISEASE type 4. HN - 2007 MH - Presenilins UI - D053763 MN - D12.776.543.696 MS - Integral membrane proteins and essential components of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN precursors. Mutations of presenilins lead to presenile ALZHEIMER DISEASE with onset before age 65 years. HN - 2007 MH - Prostatism UI - D053448 MN - C23.888.942.700 MS - Lower urinary tract symptom, such as slow urinary stream, associated with PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA in older men. AN - do not confuse with PROSTATITIS HN - 2007; use PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA 1998-2006 FX - Prostatic Hyperplasia MH - Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory UI - D053491 MN - D12.644.822 MN - D12.776.645 MS - Peptides and proteins found in BODILY SECRETIONS and BODY FLUIDS that are PROTEASE INHIBITORS. They play a role in INFLAMMATION, tissue repair and innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) by inhibiting endogenous proteinases such as those produced by LEUKOCYTES and exogenous proteases such as those produced by invading microorganisms. HN - 2007(1980) BX - Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors BX - Proteinase Inhibitory Peptides, Secretory MH - Pulicaria UI - D052587 MN - B6.388.100.100.613 MS - A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain pulicanadienes and other cytotoxic SESQUITERPENES. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29; do not confuse with Daphnia pulicaria use CRUSTACEA HN - 2007 MH - Pyelocystitis UI - D053653 MN - C12.777.419.570.821.358 MN - C12.777.829.495.750 MN - C13.351.968.419.570.821.358 MN - C13.351.968.829.495.750 MS - Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and the URINARY BLADDER. HN - 2007, 1963-1996; use PYELITIS 1997-2006; for CYSTOPYELITIS use PYELITIS 1997-2006 BX - Cystopyelitis MH - Pyomyositis UI - D052880 MN - C1.539.830.767 MN - C5.651.594.909 MN - C10.668.491.562.787 MS - An intramuscular suppuration of the large skeletal muscle groups. It is associated with INFECTION such as STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS and PYODERMA. It was known as a tropical disease but is increasing among the immunocompromised (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST). Symptoms include muscle pain, FEVER, and leucocytosis. It has been diagnosed by MRI SCANS. HN - 2007 MH - Pyonephrosis UI - D053018 MN - C12.777.419.307.500 MN - C13.351.968.419.307.500 MS - Distention of KIDNEY with the presence of PUS and suppurative destruction of the renal parenchyma. It is often associated with renal obstruction and can lead to total or nearly total loss of renal function. HN - 2007; use PYELONEPHRITIS 1984-2006 MH - Quinazolinones UI - D052999 MN - D3.438.786.830 MS - Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen. HN - 2007 MH - Quorum Sensing UI - D053038 MN - G4.335.122.700 MS - A phenomenon where microorganisms communicate and coordinate their behavior by the accumulation of signaling molecules. A reaction occurs when a substance accumulates to a sufficient concentration. This is most commonly seen in bacteria. HN - 2007 BX - Quorum Quenching MH - RANK Ligand UI - D053245 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.562 MN - D12.644.276.972.562 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.562 MN - D12.776.467.972.562 MN - D23.529.374.750.562 MN - D23.529.972.562 MS - A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B and OSTEOPROTEGERIN. It plays an important role in regulating OSTEOCLAST differentiation and activation. HN - 2007(1997) BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 11 MH - Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B UI - D053246 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.345 MS - A tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that is specific for RANK LIGAND and plays a role in bone homeostasis by regulating osteoclastogenesis. It also expressed on DENDRITIC CELLS where is plays a role in regulating dendritic cell survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007(1997) BX - NF-Kappa B Receptor Activator BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 11a BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 11a MH - Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta UI - D053633 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.400.500 MS - A ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric receptor that is specific for both INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA. It is composed of two subunits referred to as IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. The IFNAR2 subunit is believed to serve as the ligand-binding chain; however both chains are required for signal transduction. The interferon alpha-beta receptor signals through the action of JANUS KINASES such as the TYK2 KINASE. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Interferon alpha-beta Receptor MH - Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 UI - D053475 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.801.500 MN - D12.644.360.24.131.750 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.186.500 MN - D12.644.360.75.358.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.04.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.186.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.139.750 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.186.500 MN - D12.776.476.75.358.750 MS - A RIP serine-theonine kinase that contains a C-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain. It can signal by associating with other CARD-signaling adaptor proteins and INITIATOR CASPASES that contain CARD domains within their N-terminal pro-domain region. HN - 2007(1998) MH - Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases UI - D053422 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.801 MN - D12.644.360.24.296.400 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.186 MN - D12.644.360.75.421.400 MN - D12.776.157.57.24.400 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.186 MN - D12.776.476.24.375.662 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.186 MN - D12.776.476.75.421.400 MS - A family of serine-threonine kinases that plays a role in intracellular signal transduction by interacting with a variety of signaling adaptor proteins such as CRADD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEIN; TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 2; and TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Although they were initially described as death domain-binding adaptor proteins, members of this family may contain other protein-binding domains such as those involving caspase activation and recruitment. HN - 2007(1995) BX - RIP Serine-Threonine Kinases MH - Receptors, Death Domain UI - D053218 MN - D12.776.543.750.73 MS - A family of cell surface receptors that signal via a conserved domain that extends into the cell CYTOPLASM. The conserved domain is referred to as a death domain due to the fact that many of these receptors are involved in signaling APOPTOSIS. Several DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS can bind to the death domains of the activated receptors and through a complex series of interactions activate apoptotic mediators such as CASPASES. HN - 2007 BX - Death Domain Receptors FX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor MH - Receptors, Ectodysplasin UI - D053338 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.347 MS - Members of the TNF receptor family that are specific for ECTODYSPLASIN. At least two subtypes of the ectodysplasin receptor exist, each being specific for a ectodysplasin isoform. Signaling through ectodysplasin receptors plays an essential role in the normal ectodermal development. Genetic defects that result in loss of ectodysplasin receptor function results ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA. HN - 2007(1999) BX - Ectodysplasin Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I UI - D053573 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.697 MN - D23.101.100.110.697 MS - An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that is involved in signaling cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The binding of this receptor to its ligand causes its favorable interaction with INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN and the formation of an activated receptor complex. AN - RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-1 TYPE I and RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-1 TYPE II are also available HN - 2007(1996) BX - Antigens, CDw121a BX - CD121a Antigens BX - Interleukin-1 Receptor Type I BX - Interleukin-1 Receptors Type I MH - Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II UI - D053574 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.750 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.699 MN - D23.101.100.110.699 MS - An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a "decoy" receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified. HN - 2007(1996) BX - Antigens, CDw121b BX - CDw121b Antigens BX - Interleukin-1 Receptor Type II MH - Receptors, Interleukin-10 UI - D053701 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.550 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-10. They exist as a tetramer of two alpha chains (INTERLEUKIN-10 RECEPTOR ALPHA CHAIN) and two beta chains (INTERLEUKIN-10 RECEPTOR BETA CHAIN). Signaling from interleukin-10 receptors occurs through their interaction with JANUS KINASES. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Interleukin-10 Receptors BX - Receptors, IL-10 MH - Receptors, Interleukin-11 UI - D053702 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.560 MS - Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-11. They consist of heterodimers of the INTERLEUKIN-11 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130. HN - 2007(1992) BX - IL-11 Receptors BX - Interleukin-11 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-12 UI - D053707 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.580 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-12. They exist as dimers of beta 1 and beta 2 subunits. Signaling from interleukin-12 receptors occurs through their interaction with JANUS KINASES. HN - 2007(1994) BX - IL-12 Receptors BX - Interleukin-12 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-13 UI - D053660 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.600 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-13. Included under this heading are the INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR ALPHA-2 CHAIN which is a monomeric receptor and the TYPE-II INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR which has specificity for both INTERLEUKIN-4 and INTERLEUKIN-13. HN - 2007(1993) BX - IL-13 Receptors BX - Interleukin-13 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-15 UI - D053647 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.800 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-15. They are widely-distributed heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-15 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2,15 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN. HN - 2007(1995) BX - IL-15 Receptor BX - Interleukin-15 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-16 UI - D053721 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-16. Although initial studies have identified CD4 ANTIGENS as receptors for interleukin-16, the fact that cells from KNOCKOUT MICE which lack CD4 antigen are responsive to IL-16 indicate that are at least 2 distinct receptors subtypes. HN - 2007 BX - Il-16 Receptors BX - Interleukin-16 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-17 UI - D053722 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.820 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.820 MN - D23.101.100.110.820 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-17. Several subtypes of receptors have been found, each with its own in specificity for interleukin-17 subtype. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CDw217 BX - Cdw217 Antigens BX - IL-17 Receptors BX - Interleukin-17 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-18 UI - D053724 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.830 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-18 found on a variety of cell types including MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; NK CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. They are formed as a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits. HN - 2007(1997) BX - IL-18 Receptors BX - Interleukin 18 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-21 UI - D053655 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.900 MS - Cell surface receptors for INTERLEUKIN-21. They are heterodimeric proteins found on DENDRITIC CELLS and LYMPHOCYTES that consist of the INTERLEUKIN-21 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT. HN - 2007(2000) BX - IL-21 Receptors BX - Interleukin-21 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-4, Type I UI - D053658 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.360.300 MS - An interleukin-4 receptor subtype that is found predominantly on hematopoietic cells. It is a heterodimer of the INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN. HN - 2007 BX - IL-4 Receptors, Type I BX - Interleukin-4 Receptors, Type I MH - Receptors, Interleukin-4, Type II UI - D053659 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.360.600 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.600.800 MS - An interleukin receptor subtype found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. It is a membrane-bound heterodimer that contains the INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR ALPHA1 SUBUNIT. Although commonly referred to as the interleukin-4 type-II receptor this receptor has specificity for both INTERLEUKIN-4 and INTERLEUKIN-13 HN - 2007 BX - IL-4 Receptors, Type II BX - Interleukin-4 Receptors, Type II BX - Interleukin-4, 13 Shared Receptor BX - Receptor, Interleukin-4, 13 BX - Receptors, Interleukin-4, 13 MH - Receptors, Interleukin-5 UI - D053649 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.380 MS - Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-5. They are heterodimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT. Signaling from interleukin-5 receptors can occur through interaction of their cytoplasmic domains with SYNTENINS. HN - 2007(1988) BX - IL-5 Receptors BX - Interleukin-5 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-8 UI - D053700 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.160.737 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.737 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.421 MS - Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-8. Two specific receptor subtypes (type A and B) have been found and bind IL-8 with high affinity. AN - RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-8A and RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-8B are also available HN - 2007 BX - IL-8 Receptors BX - Interleukin-8 Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-9 UI - D053651 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.816 MN - D23.101.100.110.816 MS - A cell surface receptor that specifically mediates the biological effects of INTERLEUKIN-9. The functional IL9 receptor signals through interaction of its cytoplasm domain with JANUS KINASES and requires the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT for activity. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD129 BX - CD129 Antigens BX - IL-9 Receptors BX - Interleukin-9 Receptors BX - Receptors, IL-9 MH - Receptors, Oncostatin M UI - D053677 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.555 MS - Cell surface receptors with specificity for ONCOSTATIN M. Two subtypes of receptors have been identified and are defined by their subunit composition. AN - specific types and subunits are also available HN - 2007(1990) MH - Receptors, Oncostatin M, Type II UI - D053679 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.555.600 MS - A subtype of oncostatin receptors that are formed by dimerization of ONCOSTATIN M RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT and CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130. They are activated specifically by ONCOSTATIN M and signal through interaction of their cytoplasmic domains with JANUS KINASES. HN - 2007(1990) BX - Oncostatin M Type II Receptor MH - Receptors, OSM-LIF UI - D053606 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.555.800 MS - Cell surface receptors formed from the dimerization of LIF RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT with CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130. Although originally described as receptors for LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR these receptors also bind the closely-related protein ONCOSTATIN M and are referred to as both LIF receptors and type I oncostatin M receptors. HN - 2007(1991) BX - Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor BX - Receptors, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor MH - Receptors, OX40 UI - D053262 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.350 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.855 MN - D23.101.100.110.855 MS - A tumor necrosis family receptor with specificity for OX40 LIGAND. It is found on the surface of activated T-LYMPHOCYTES where it plays a role in enhancing cytokine production and proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007(1993) BX - Antigens, CD134 BX - CD134 Antigens BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 4 BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 4 MH - Receptors, Thrombopoietin UI - D053628 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.610 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.881 MN - D23.101.100.110.883 MS - Cell surface receptors that are specific for THROMBOPOIETIN. They signal through interaction with JANUS KINASES such as JANUS KINASE 2. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD110 BX - CD110 Antigens MH - Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand UI - D053220 MN - D12.776.543.750.73.600 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.396 MS - Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members that are widely expressed and play a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. The receptors are specific for TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND and signal via conserved death domains that associate with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM. HN - 2007(1997) BX - Decoy Receptor 2, Tumor Necrosis Factor BX - Receptors, TRAIL BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10 BX - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10b BX - TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptors BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 10 MH - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c UI - D053320 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.500 MS - A secreted tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that has specificity for TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND. It plays a modulating role in activation of APOPTOSIS signaling. HN - 2007 BX - Decoy Receptor 1, Tumor Necrosis Factor BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 10c MH - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 UI - D053240 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.925.850 MS - A novel member of the tumor-necrosis factor receptor family that can also mediate HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 entry into cells. It has specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 14 and the homotrimeric form of LYMPHOTOXIN-ALPHA. The receptor is abundantly expressed on T-LYMPHOCYTES and may play a role in regulating lymphocyte activation. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2007(1997) BX - Herpesvirus Entry Mediator BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 14 MH - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 UI - D053219 MN - D12.776.543.750.73.725 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.505 MS - A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype with specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 15. It is found in tissues containing LYMPHOCYTES and may play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis and APOPTOSIS. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM. HN - 2007(1997) BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 25 MH - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b UI - D053323 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.400 MS - A secreted tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that has specificity FAS LIGAND and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 14. It plays a modulating role in tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. HN - 2007(1999) BX - Decoy Receptor 3, Tumor Necrosis Factor BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 6b MH - RecQ Helicases UI - D053484 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.159.249 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.800 MN - D8.811.399.340.249 MS - A family of structurally-related DNA helicases that play an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity. RecQ helicases were originally discovered in E COLI and are highly conserved across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Genetic mutations that result in loss of RecQ helicase activity gives rise to disorders that are associated with CANCER predisposition and premature aging. HN - 2007(1990) FX - Bloom Syndrome FX - Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome FX - Werner Syndrome MH - Refsum Disease, Infantile UI - D052919 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.680.865 MN - C16.320.565.189.680.865 MN - C16.320.565.663.865 MN - C18.452.132.100.680.865 MN - C18.452.648.189.680.865 MN - C18.452.648.663.865 MS - An early onset form of phytanic acid storage disease with clinical and biochemical signs different from those of REFSUM DISEASE. Features include MENTAL RETARDATION; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; OSTEOPOROSIS; and severe liver damage. It can be caused by mutation in a number of genes encoding proteins involving in the biogenesis or assembly of PEROXISOMES. AN - do not confuse with REFSUM DISEASE HN - 2007; use PEROXISOMAL DISORDERS 1996-2006 BX - Infantile Refsum Disease MH - Respiratory Aspiration UI - D053120 MN - C8.618.749 MN - C23.888.852.770 MS - Breathing in liquid or solids, such as stomach contents, into the RESPIRATORY TRACT. When this causes severe lung damage, it is called ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA. AN - ASPIRATION, MECHANICAL is also available HN - 2007; use INHALATION 2004-2006; for ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS use PNEUMONIA, ASPIRATION 1984-2006 BX - Aspiration of Gastric Contents FX - Pneumonia, Aspiration MH - Root Nodules, Plant UI - D053204 MN - B6.413.400.875 MS - Swelling on roots, especially of LEGUMES, which is often related to RHIZOBIUM infection functioning for NITROGEN FIXATION. Root nodules may also be related to fungal MYCORRHIZAE. HN - 2007 FX - Mycorrhizae MH - Rous sarcoma virus UI - D052736 MN - B4.820.650.70.120.700 MN - B4.909.574.807.70.120.700 MN - B4.909.777.731.70.120.700 MS - A species of replication-competent oncogene-containing virus in the genus ALPHARETROVIRUS. It is the original source of the src oncogene (V-SRC GENES) and causes sarcoma in chickens. AN - infection: coordinate IM with SARCOMA, AVIAN (IM) + BIRDS or POULTRY (NIM) or specific bird or fowl (IM) HN - 2007, 1963-1982; use AVIAN SARCOMA VIRUSES 1983-2006 MH - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases UI - D053498 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.125.500 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.250.500.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.250.500.500 MS - Calcium-transporting ATPases that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM into the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM vesicles from the CYTOPLASM. They are primarily found in MUSCLE CELLS and play a role in the relaxation of MUSCLES. HN - 2007(2000) BX - Calcium-Transporting ATPases, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum BX - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase MH - Sarraceniaceae UI - D052583 MN - B6.388.100.887 MS - A plant family of the order Nepenthales. AN - X ref FLYTRAP: VENUS FLYTRAP see DROSERACEAE is also available; coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 BX - Flytrap BX - Pitcherplant BX - Sarracenia MH - Scattering, Small Angle UI - D053838 MN - E5.196.822.830 MN - H1.671.768.831.755 MS - Scattering of a beam of electromagnetic or acoustic RADIATION, or particles, at small angles by particles or cavities whose dimensions are many times as large as the wavelength of the radiation or the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered particles. Also know as low angle scattering. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Small angle scattering (SAS) techniques, small angle neutron (SANS), X-ray (SAXS), and light (SALS, or just LS) scattering, are used to characterize objects on a nanoscale. AN - for SAXS coordinate with X-RAY DIFFRACTION; for SANS coordinate with NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; for SALS coordinate with LIGHT HN - 2007 BX - Small Angle Scattering MH - Schizonts UI - D052939 MN - A11.870.740.800 MN - G7.574.500.550.500.800 MS - Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan PROTOZOA. It is exemplified by the life cycle of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM in the MALARIA infection cycle. HN - 2007 MH - Scleromyxedema UI - D053718 MN - C17.300.550.875 MS - A connective tissue disorder characterized by widespread thickening of SKIN with a cobblestone-like appearance. It is caused by proliferation of FIBROBLASTS and deposition of MUCIN in the DERMIS in the absence of thyroid disease. Most scleromyxedema cases are associated with a MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY, immunoglobulin IgG-lambda. HN - 2007 BX - Lichen Myxedematosus BX - Papular Mucinosis FX - Myxedema MH - Secretogranin II UI - D053381 MN - D12.776.641.199.750 MS - A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY. It is found in several species including human, rat, mouse, and others. Secretogranin II is an acidic protein of 559 to 586 amino acid residues that can stimulate DOPAMINE release from neurons and release of pituitary GONADOTROPINS. HN - 2007 (1986) BX - Chromogranin C MH - Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor UI - D053481 MN - D12.644.822.500 MN - D12.776.645.500 MS - A proteinase inhibitor found in various BODILY SECRETIONS that coat mucosal surfaces such as SEMINAL PLASMA; CERVICAL MUCUS; and bronchial secretions. It plays a role in protecting epithelial tissues from LEUKOCYTE-derived serine proteases such as NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE. HN - 2007(2000) MH - SHP1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase UI - D053824 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.625.700.600 MN - D12.644.360.800 MN - D12.776.476.800 MS - A Src-homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase found in the CYTOSOL of hematopoietic cells. It plays a role in signal transduction by dephosphorylating signaling proteins that are activated or inactivated by PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES. HN - 2007(1993) MH - Simian foamy virus UI - D053150 MN - B4.820.650.850.750 MN - B4.909.777.731.850.750 MS - A species of SPUMAVIRUS causing non-pathogenic infections in chimpanzees and humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM); note: MACAQUE SIMIAN FOAMY VIRUS; SIMIAN FOAMY VIRUS 1; AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY SIMIAN FOAMY VIRUS; and SIMIAN FOAMY VIRUS 3 are entry terms to SPUMAVIRUS HN - 2007; use SPUMAVIRUS 1991-2006 BX - Chimpanzee foamy virus BX - Chimpanzee foamy virus human isolate BX - Human foamy virus MH - Solid Phase Extraction UI - D052616 MN - E5.196.837 MS - An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods. HN - 2007 MH - Solid Phase Microextraction UI - D052617 MN - E5.196.837.500 MS - A solventless sample preparation method, invented in 1989, that uses a fused silica fiber which is coated with a stationary phase. It is used for sample cleanup before using other analytical methods. HN - 2007 MH - Somatostatin-28 UI - D053561 MN - D6.472.699.327.700.875.500 MN - D6.472.699.587.780.500 MN - D12.644.400.400.700.875.500 MN - D12.644.548.365.700.875.500 MN - D12.644.548.586.780.500 MN - D12.776.641.650.405.700.875.500 MS - A 28-amino acid peptide with the same biological activities of somatostatin-14 but with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal. SRIF-28 is the major form of somatostatin in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. HN - 2007(1980) MH - Somatotrophs UI - D052683 MN - A6.407.747.608.937 MN - A6.688.357.750.700.937 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.700.937 MN - A8.713.357.750.700.937 MN - A11.436.892 MS - Anterior pituitary cells that produce GROWTH HORMONE. HN - 2007 BX - Pituitary Growth Hormone-Secreting Cells MH - Soot UI - D053260 MN - D20.633.937.339 MS - A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES. HN - 2007 BX - Carbon Black MH - Sperm Retrieval UI - D053625 MN - E2.875.800.988 MN - E4.932.750 MN - E5.820.800.988 MS - Procedures to obtain viable sperm from the male reproductive tract, including the TESTES, the EPIDIDYMIS, or the VAS DEFERENS. HN - 2007 MH - Spirulina UI - D053545 MN - B3.280.697 MS - A genus of filamentous CYANOBACTERIA found in most lakes and ponds. It has been used as a nutritional supplement particularly due to its high protein content. HN - 2007 (1982) MH - Stockings, Compression UI - D053828 MN - E7.101.825 MS - Tight coverings for the foot and leg that are worn to aid circulation in the legs and prevent the formation of EDEMA and DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS. PNEUMATIC PRESSURE STOCKINGS serve a similar purpose especially for bedridden patients and following surgery. HN - 2007; use BANDAGES 1990-2006; for STOCKINGS ELASTIC use BANDAGES 1990-2006 BX - Compression Stockings BX - Elastic Stockings BX - Stockings, Elastic FX - Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices MH - Stupor UI - D053608 MN - C10.597.606.358.800.500 MN - C23.888.592.604.359.800.500 MS - A state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from COMA in that the person can be aroused by vigorous and repeated stimulation. The person is still conscious and can make voluntary movements. It can be induced by CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS. The word derives from Latin stupere and is related to stunned, stupid, dazed or LETHARGY. HN - 2007; use COMA 2000-2006 FX - Sleep Stages MH - Subacute Combined Degeneration UI - D052879 MN - C10.228.854.811 MN - C10.314.875 MN - C10.574.910 MN - C18.654.521.500.133.699.923.640 MN - C23.550.737.625 MS - A neuropathy due to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY or to excessive NITROUS OXIDE inhalation. It is associated with overproduction of the myelinolytic TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA. HN - 2007 MH - Suburethral Slings UI - D053825 MN - E7.695.752 MS - Support structures, made from natural or synthetic materials, that are implanted below the URETHRA to treat URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE. HN - 2007 MH - Sulfatidosis UI - D052516 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.850 MN - C16.320.565.189.435.825.850 MN - C16.320.565.398.641.803.925 MN - C16.320.565.595.554.825.850 MN - C18.452.132.100.435.825.850 MN - C18.452.584.687.803.925 MN - C18.452.648.189.435.825.850 MN - C18.452.648.398.641.803.925 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.850 MS - A group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of sulfur-containing lipids (SULFATIDES), including SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS normally found in the MYELIN SHEATH of the brain. These disorders are caused by defective degradative enzymes leading to substrate accumulation (or storage). HN - 2007; use LEUKODYSTROPHY, METACHROMATIC 1974-2006 MH - Surgical Fixation Devices UI - D053831 MN - E7.858.690 MS - Devices used to hold tissue structures together for repair, reconstruction or to close wounds. They may consist of adsorbable or non-adsorbable, natural or synthetic materials. They include tissue adhesives, skin tape, sutures, buttons, staples, clips, screws, etc., each designed to conform to various tissue geometries. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2007 MH - Surgical Tape UI - D053832 MN - E7.858.690.800 MS - A flat, flexible strip of material used to cover or fasten together damaged tissue. HN - 2007 BX - Skin Tape MH - Suture Anchors UI - D053441 MN - E7.695.755 MN - E7.858.442.660.860 MN - E7.858.690.650.860 MS - Implants used in arthroscopic surgery and other orthopedic procedures to attach soft tissue to bone. One end of a suture is tied to soft tissue and the other end to the implant. The anchors are made of a variety of materials including titanium, stainless steel, or absorbable polymers. HN - 2007 BX - Bone Anchors FX - Tenodesis MH - Syndecan-1 UI - D053668 MN - D12.776.395.550.847.100 MN - D12.776.395.650.350.500.100 MN - D12.776.543.550.847.100 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.916 MN - D23.101.100.110.940 MS - A syndecan that interacts with EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS and plays a role CELL PROLIFERATION and CELL MIGRATION. HN - 2007(2005) BX - Antigens, CD138 BX - CD138 Antigens MH - Syndecan-2 UI - D053669 MN - D12.776.395.550.847.200 MN - D12.776.395.650.350.500.200 MN - D12.776.543.550.847.200 MS - A syndecan that is predominantly expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It may play a role in mediating cellular interactions with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and may modulate the signaling activity of certain INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. HN - 2007(1992) MH - Syndecan-3 UI - D053670 MN - D12.776.395.550.847.600 MN - D12.776.395.650.350.500.600 MN - D12.776.543.550.847.300 MS - A syndecan found at high levels in the developing LIMB BUD. It may play a role in the regulation of MUSCULOSKELETAL DEVELOPMENT by modulating the effects of INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES. HN - 2007(1992) MH - Syndecan-4 UI - D053671 MN - D12.776.395.550.847.800 MN - D12.776.395.650.350.500.800 MN - D12.776.543.550.847.400 MS - A ubiquitously expressed syndecan that is found in all stages of embryonic development and in most adult tissues. Syndecan-4 is found localized to focal adhesion sites in fibronectin-adherent cells and may play a role the process of CELL MIGRATION and CELL PROLIFERATION. HN - 2007(1994) MH - Syndecans UI - D053667 MN - D12.776.395.550.847 MN - D12.776.395.650.350.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.847 MS - A family of transmembrane glycoproteins that contain a short cytoplasmic domain, a single-span transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain with HEPARIN SULFATE and CHONDROITIN SULFATE chains. Syndecans interact with a variety of heparin-binding INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES and may play a role in modulating cellular signaling in during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis. HN - 2007(1989) MH - Syntenins UI - D053676 MN - D12.644.360.24.437 MN - D12.776.157.57.374 MN - D12.776.476.24.468 MS - Intracellular signaling adaptor proteins that play a role in the coupling of SYNDECANS to CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS. HN - 2007 MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry UI - D053719 MN - E5.196.566.880 MS - A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection. AN - suggested AN: coordinate with other specific chromatography or MS sample preparation methods HN - 2007 MH - Targeted Gene Repair UI - D052416 MN - E2.95.301.500 MN - E5.393.420.301.500 MN - E5.393.420.601.575.500 MS - A technique which uses synthetic oligonucleotides to direct the cell's inherent DNA repair system to correct a mutation at a specific site in an episome or chromosome. HN - 2007 FX - DNA Repair MH - Tarlov Cysts UI - D052958 MN - C4.182.872 MN - C10.668.829.900 MS - Perineurial cysts commonly found in the SACRAL REGION. They arise from the PERINEURIUM membrane within the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. The distinctive feature of the cysts is the presence of spinal nerve root fibers within the cyst wall, or the cyst cavity itself. AN - non-neoplastic HN - 2007; use ARACHNOID CYSTS 2000-2006 BX - Perineurial Cysts MH - Tendon Entrapment UI - D053682 MN - C5.651.869.870.800 MS - Narrowing or stenosis of a tendon's retinacular sheath. It occurs most often in the hand or wrist but can also be found in the foot or ankle. The most common types are DE QUERVAIN DISEASE and TRIGGER FINGER DISORDER. HN - 2007 BX - Stenosing Tendovaginitis BX - Stenosing Tenosynovitis BX - Tendovaginitis, Stenosing BX - Tenosynovitis, Stenosing MH - Tenodesis UI - D053656 MN - E4.555.710 MN - E4.901.900 MS - Fixation of the end of a tendon to a bone, often by suturing. HN - 2007 FX - Suture Anchors MH - Teschovirus UI - D052700 MN - B4.820.565.830 MN - B4.909.777.618.830 MS - A genus in the family PICORNAVIRIDAE that can cause polioencephalomyelitis in pigs. The type species Porcine teschovirus is comprised of multiple strains. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007; for TALFAN DISEASE VIRUS & TESCHEN DISEASE VIRUS use ENTEROVIRUSES, PORCINE 1974-2006 BX - Talfan Disease Virus BX - Teschen Disease Virus MH - Thapsia UI - D053629 MN - B6.388.100.75.937 MS - A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. Members contain THAPSIGARGIN and other guaianolides (SESQUITERPENES, GUAIANOLIDE). AN - coordinate with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2007 MH - Thiazolidines UI - D053778 MN - D2.886.675.966 MS - Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. HN - 2007 MH - Thiothrix UI - D053525 MN - B3.440.400.645.800 MN - B3.660.250.770.800 MS - A genus of colorless, filamentous, rod-shaped bacteria in the family THIOTRICHACEAE, containing sulfur globules. Thiothrix species are found as components of BIOFILMS in irrigation systems and wastewater treatment plants, and in marine environments as endosymbionts. HN - 2007; use THIOTRICHACEAE 2004-2006 MH - Thyrotrophs UI - D052684 MN - A6.407.747.608.968 MN - A6.688.357.750.700.968 MN - A8.186.211.730.385.357.352.435.500.700.968 MN - A8.713.357.750.700.968 MN - A11.436.939 MS - Anterior pituitary cells that produce THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE. HN - 2007 BX - Pituitary TSH-Secreting Cells MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein UI - D053199 MN - D12.644.360.24.296.600 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.249 MN - D12.644.360.75.421.600 MN - D12.776.157.57.24.600 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.249 MN - D12.776.476.24.375.775 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.249 MN - D12.776.476.75.421.600 MS - A 34 kDa signal transducing adaptor protein that associates with TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR TYPE 1. It facilitates the recruitment of signaling proteins such as TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 2 and FAS ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN to the receptor complex. HN - 2007(1994) MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 4 UI - D053449 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.906 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.906 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.906 MS - A widely expressed member of the TNF receptor-associated family that may play a role in neuronal development and EMBRYOGENESIS. Although TNF receptor-associated factor 4 does not strongly associate with TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTORS it may be a signaling partner with the GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED TNFR-RELATED PROTEIN that plays a role in the activation of JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and NF-KAPPA B. HN - 2007(1995) MH - TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand UI - D053221 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.625 MN - D12.644.276.972.625 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.625 MN - D12.776.467.972.625 MN - D23.529.374.750.625 MN - D23.529.972.625 MS - A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a widely expressed ligand that activates APOPTOSIS by binding to TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTORS. The membrane-bound form of the protein can be cleaved by specific CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES to form a soluble ligand form. HN - 2007(2005) BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 10 MH - Tool Use Behavior UI - D053001 MN - F1.145.113.840 MS - Modifying, carrying, or manipulating an item external to itself by an animal, before using it to effect a change on the environment or itself (from Beck, Animal Tool Behavior, 1980). HN - 2007 MH - Trager duck spleen necrosis virus UI - D053079 MN - B4.820.650.375.700.850 MS - A species in the group RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUSES, AVIAN of the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS originally isolated from ducks. AN - infection: coordinate IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2007; use RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUSES, AVIAN 2001-2006 BX - Spleen Necrosis Virus MH - Transforming Growth Factor beta1 UI - D053773 MN - D12.644.276.374.687.100 MN - D12.644.276.960.720.100 MN - D12.776.467.374.687.100 MN - D12.776.467.960.720.100 MN - D23.529.374.687.100 MN - D23.529.960.720.100 MS - A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME. HN - 2007(1992) BX - TGF-beta1 MH - Transforming Growth Factor beta2 UI - D053781 MN - D12.644.276.374.687.200 MN - D12.644.276.960.720.200 MN - D12.776.467.374.687.200 MN - D12.776.467.960.720.200 MN - D23.529.374.687.200 MN - D23.529.960.720.200 MS - A TGF-beta subtype that was originally identified as a GLIOBLASTOMA-derived factor which inhibits the antigen-dependent growth of both helper and CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta2 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. HN - 2007(2000) BX - TGF-beta2 MH - Transforming Growth Factor beta3 UI - D053782 MN - D12.644.276.374.687.300 MN - D12.644.276.960.720.300 MN - D12.776.467.374.687.300 MN - D12.776.467.960.720.300 MN - D23.529.960.720.300 MS - A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. HN - 2007(2000) BX - TGF-beta3 MH - Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein UI - D053303 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.899 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.917 MN - D23.101.100.110.950 MS - A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member found expressed on peripheral B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for B-CELL MATURATION ANTIGEN and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 13. HN - 2007 BX - Antigens, CD267 BX - CD267 Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 13b MH - Trigger Finger Disorder UI - D052582 MN - C5.651.869.870.800.800 MS - A painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. It is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. Thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (From Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58). HN - 2007 BX - Flexor Tendon Entrapment BX - Trigger Thumb MH - Trophozoites UI - D053058 MN - A11.870.740.900 MN - G7.574.500.550.500.950 MS - Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan PROTOZOA. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite develops from the MEROZOITE and then splits into the SCHIZONT. Trophozoites that are left over from cell division can go on to form gametocytes. HN - 2007 MH - Tryptases UI - D053802 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.902 MS - A family of neutral serine proteases with TRYPSIN-like activity. Tryptases are primarily found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of MAST CELLS and are released during mast cell degranulation. HN - 2007(1993) BX - beta-Tryptases BX - Tryptase MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors UI - D053319 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949 MS - A subclass of tumor necrosis family receptors that lack cell signaling domains. They bind to specific TNF RECEPTOR LIGANDS and are believed to play a modulating role in the TNF signaling pathway. Some of the decoy receptors are products of distinct genes, while others are products of ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the MRNA for the active receptor. HN - 2007 BX - Decoy FAS Receptors BX - Decoy TRAIL Receptors MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 UI - D053300 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.656 MN - D12.644.276.972.656 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.656 MN - D12.776.467.972.656 MN - D23.529.374.750.656 MN - D23.529.972.656 MS - A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It occurs as transmembrane protein that can be cleaved to release a secreted form that specifically binds to TRANSMEMBRANE ACTIVATOR AND CAML INTERACTOR PROTEIN; and B CELL MATURATION ANTIGEN. HN - 2007 MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 UI - D053326 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.690 MN - D12.644.276.972.690 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.690 MN - D12.776.467.972.690 MN - D23.529.374.750.690 MN - D23.529.972.690 MS - A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on activated LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It occurs as transmembrane protein that can be cleaved to release a secreted form that specifically binds to LYMPHOTOXIN BETA RECEPTOR and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY, MEMBER 14. HN - 2007(1998) BX - LIGHT Protein MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15 UI - D053380 MN - D12.644.276.374.750.720 MN - D12.644.276.972.720 MN - D12.776.467.374.750.710 MN - D12.776.467.972.720 MN - D23.529.374.750.710 MN - D23.529.972.720 MS - A member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily found on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS that plays a role in the inhibition of endothelial cell growth and PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. HN - 2007 MH - Tungrovirus UI - D052641 MN - B4.280.92.850 MN - B4.715.102.850 MN - B4.715.835 MS - A genus of DNA plant viruses in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE. The sole species, Rice tungro bacilliform virus, shows 25% identity with BADNAVIRUS. It is transmitted by leafhoppers with the assistance of RICE TUNGRO SPHERICAL VIRUS. HN - 2007; for RICE TUNGRO BACILLIFORM VIRUS use BADNAVIRUS 1997-2006 BX - Rice tungro bacilliform virus MH - TYK2 Kinase UI - D053634 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.650 MN - D12.776.476.393.650 MS - A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from a broad variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS. The TYK2 kinase is considered the founding member of the Janus Kinase family and was initially discovered as a signaling partner for the INTERFERON ALPHA-BETA RECEPTOR. The kinase has since been shown to signal from several INTERLEUKIN RECEPTORS. HN - 2007 MH - Typhlitis UI - D053706 MN - C6.405.205.932 MN - C6.405.469.110.708 MS - Necrotizing inflammation of the CECUM ("typhlon" in Greek), sometimes spreading to the APPENDIX and/or the ILEUM. Symptoms include ABDOMINAL PAIN and DIARRHEA. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Typhlitis is often associated with NEUTROPENIA and chemotherapy in immunocompromised individuals (IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST). HN - 2007 (2004) FX - Enterocolitis, Necrotizing FX - Enterocolitis, Neutropenic MH - Unilamellar Liposomes UI - D053835 MN - D25.479.517.500 MN - J1.637.51.479.517.500 MN - J1.637.87.500.517.500 MS - Single membrane vesicles, generally made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS. HN - 2007 MH - Ureterolithiasis UI - D053039 MN - C12.777.725.938 MN - C12.777.967.374 MN - C13.351.968.725.938 MN - C13.351.968.967.374 MS - Formation of stones in the URETER. HN - 2007; use URETERAL CALCULI 1989-2006 MH - Urinary Bladder, Overactive UI - D053201 MN - C12.777.829.866 MN - C13.351.968.829.813 MN - C23.888.942.775 MS - Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present. HN - 2007; for OVERACTIVE BLADDER use URINARY INCONTINENCE 2005-2006 BX - Overactive Detrusor MH - Urinary Incontinence, Urge UI - D053202 MN - C12.777.934.852.500 MN - C13.351.968.934.814.750 MN - C23.888.942.800.750 MS - Involuntary discharge of URINE that is associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void. It is usually related to the involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle of the bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia or detrusor instability). HN - 2007; use URINARY INCONTINENCE 2005-2006 MH - Urinoma UI - D053584 MN - C23.888.942.900 MS - An encapsulated accumulation of URINE in the retroperitoneal area. It has the appearance of a cyst (CYSTS). Urinoma is usually caused by URETERAL OBSTRUCTION, renal trauma or perforation of the renal collecting system. HN - 2007 MH - Urolithiasis UI - D052878 MN - C12.777.967 MN - C13.351.968.967 MS - Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER. HN - 2007; use URINARY CALCULI 1989-2006 MH - Versicans UI - D053675 MN - D9.698.735.830.750 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.750 MN - D12.776.503.280.625 MS - HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of a variety of tissues and organs. Several versican isoforms exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. HN - 2007(1989) BX - Versican MH - Virus Attachment UI - D053585 MN - G4.185.515.880.918 MS - The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand. AN - do not confuse with ATTACHMENT SITES, MICROBIOLOGICAL HN - 2007 BX - Virus Binding MH - Virus Internalization UI - D053586 MN - G4.185.515.880.932 MS - The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane. HN - 2007 BX - Viral Membrane Fusion FX - Endocytosis MH - Visible Human Projects UI - D053443 MN - G1.100.185.905 MN - H1.158.100.185.905 MN - J1.897.280.500.545.129.805 MN - L1.470.750.750.905 MN - L1.700.508.300.188.400.905 MS - Digital image data sets, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. AN - coordinate with specific country including CHINA; KOREA; UNITED STATES if pertinent; CATALOG: use NAF entry HN - 2007 BX - American Visible Human Project BX - Chinese Visible Human Project BX - Korean Visible Human Project BX - United States Visible Human Project BX - Visible Korean Human Project FX - Imaging, Three-Dimensional MH - Volar Plate UI - D053401 MN - A2.835.583.405.500.900 MN - A2.835.583.512.900 MS - A thick, fibrocartilaginous ligament at the metacarpophalageal joint. HN - 2007 BX - Palmar Plate MH - West Nile Virus Vaccines UI - D053060 MN - D20.215.894.899.962 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS. HN - 2007 MH - Wetlands UI - D053833 MN - G3.230.124.625 MS - Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species. HN - 2007 MH - X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases UI - D053632 MN - C16.320.322.968 MN - C16.614.815.500 MN - C20.673.815.500 MS - Forms of combined immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene for INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT. Both severe and non-severe subtypes of the disease have been identified. HN - 2007 BX - X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency MH - Xanthomonas axonopodis UI - D053532 MN - B3.660.250.915.930.49 MS - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus XANOTHOMONAS, which causes citrus cankers and black rot in plants. HN - 2007 MH - Xedar Receptor UI - D053340 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.347.750 MS - An ectodysplasin receptor subtype that is specific for ECTODYSPLASIN A2. Unlike the EDAR RECEPTOR the Xedar receptor signals through direct association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. The protein name derives from the fact that gene that encodes it resides on the X CHROMOSOME. HN - 2007(2005) BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 27 MH - Xipapillomavirus UI - D052696 MN - B4.280.535.950 MN - B4.909.204.210.655.950 MN - B4.909.574.204.655.950 MN - B4.909.624.950 MS - A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, causing cutaneous or mucosal papillomas in cattle. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS HN - 2007 MH - Xylem UI - D052584 MN - B6.413.700 MS - Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores. HN - 2007 MH - Zanamivir UI - D053243 MN - D2.78.370.926 MN - D2.241.81.844.562.668.775 MN - D2.241.511.902.562.668.775 MN - D3.383.663.859 MN - D3.830.859 MN - D9.67.687.668.775 MN - D9.811.589.668.775 MS - A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE. HN - 2007