Q000002 abnormalities 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; congenital & structural only: does not include abnormal function ( = /physiopathology or disease heading); includes "deformity", "malformation", "anomalous", "teratology"; includes agenesis, aplasia, atresia, ectopy, hypoplasia, etc.; includes more or less than the normal number of organs (as one ureter, six fingers); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.1; DF: /abnorm or /AB 66; used with Category A 1966-74; A1-9 & A13-15 1975-88; A1-9, A13-15 & B2 1989; A1-10, A13-14, A16 & B2 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AB or AB (SH) or SUBS APPLY AB Y02.030.010 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 NLM jls sjn M0030203 abnormalities C0000769 Used with organs for congenital defects producing changes in the morphology of the organ. It is used also for abnormalities in animals. T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030204 M0030203 M0030209 M0030203 M0030210 M0030203 M0030205 M0030203 M0030207 M0030203 M0030206 M0030203 M0030211 M0030203 M0030208 T060543 abnormalities AB ABNORM T060544 anomalies T060545 teratology M0030204 agenesis C0000846 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030204 T060546 agenesis M0030209 aplasia C0334079 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030209 T060552 aplasia M0030210 atresia C0243066 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030210 T060553 atresia M0030205 congenital defects C0220810 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030205 T060548 congenital defects T060547 birth defects M0030207 defects C0243067 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030207 T060550 defects M0030206 deformities C0220818 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030206 T060549 deformities M0030211 hypoplasia C0543481 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030211 T060554 hypoplasia M0030208 malformations C0243070 T169 Functional Concept M0030203 M0030208 T060551 malformations Q000008 administration & dosage 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for routes of administration, timing, amounts of doses; not for "dosage" in Romance languages ( = /analysis) ; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.2; DF: /admin or /AD 66; used with Category D 1966-90 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AD or AD (SH) or SUBS APPLY AD Y07.010 Y10.010 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls sjn M0030212 administration & dosage C0001555 Used with drugs for dosage forms, routes of administration, frequency and duration of administration, quantity of medication, and the effects of these factors. T081 Quantitative Concept T060555 administration & dosage AD ADMINISTRATION A ADMIN Q000009 adverse effects 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "injurious effects", "undesirable effects", "side effects" in normal use; for complications following various procedures; see also /poisoning & /toxicity ; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.3; DF: /adv eff or /AE 66; used with Category D, E & H 1966-69; D, E, H & J 1970-74; D, E, F4, H & J 1975-81; D, E, F4, G3, H & J 1982-87; D, E, F4, H, J, & SMOKING 1988; D, E, F4, H, J, & 1982-87; D, E, F4, H, J & SMOKING 1988; D, E, F4, H, J & SMOKING+ 1989; D, E & J 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AE or AE (SH) or SUBS APPLY AE Y07.020 Y10.020 B06 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 E01 E02 E03 E04 E06 E07 J02 NLM jls sjn M0030213 adverse effects C0001688 Used with drugs, chemicals, or biological agents in accepted dosage - or with physical agents or manufactured products in normal usage - when intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, prophylactic, or anesthetic purposes. It is used also for adverse effects or complications of diagnostic, therapeutic, prophylactic, anesthetic, surgical, or other procedures, but excludes contraindications for which "contraindications" is used. T037 Injury or Poisoning T046 Pathologic Function T060556 adverse effects AE ADV EFF T060557 injurious effects T060558 side effects T060559 undesirable effects Q000031 analogs & derivatives 1974 10 23 2003 07 24 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "related compounds", "simulants"; do not use with elements, isotopes, plural chemicals or enzymes; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.5; DF: /analogs or /AA 75; used with Category D1-7 & D9-26 1975-89; D2-7, D9, D11 & D14-23 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AA or AA (SH) or SUBS APPLY AA Y03.020 D03 NLM jls sjn M0030233 analogs & derivatives C0002776 Used with drugs and chemicals for substances that share the same parent molecule or have similar electronic structure but differ by the addition or substitution of other atoms or molecules. It is used when the specific chemical heading is not available and no appropriate group heading exists. T104 Chemical Viewed Structurally M0030233 M0030235 M0030233 M0030236 T060581 analogs & derivatives AA ANALOGS M0030235 derivatives C0243072 T104 Chemical Viewed Structurally M0030233 M0030235 T060583 derivatives M0030236 related compounds C0600686 T104 Chemical Viewed Structurally M0030233 M0030236 T060584 related compounds Q000032 analysis 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "assay", "determination", "chemical analysis"; for qualitative or quantitative analysis of substances; chemical composition of organs, organisms & plants, as "chemical composition of the liver" = LIVER /chemistry; for analysis of chemical substances in the blood use /blood; in the cerebrospinal fluid, use /cerebrospinal fluid; in the urine, use /urine; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.6; DF: /anal or /AN 67; used with Category A, B & D 1967; A, B, D, G & J 1968-74; A, B1, B3-6, C4, D, G3 & J 1975-86; A, B1, B3-6, C4, D, G3, J, ASCITIC FLUID & CALCULI+ 1987; A, B1, B3-6, C4, D, G3, J, ASCITIC FLUID, BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID & CALCULI+ 1988-89; A2-16; B1, B3-6, C4, D & J 1990-91; D 1992 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AN or AN (SH) or SUBS APPLY AN Y01 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls sjn M0030237 analysis C0002778 Used for the identification or quantitative determination of a substance or its constituents and metabolites; includes the analysis of air, water, or other environmental carrier. It excludes the chemical analysis of tissues, tumors, body fluids, organisms, and plants for which "chemistry" is used. The concept applies to both methodology and results. For analysis of substances in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine the specific subheading designating the fluid is used. T059 Laboratory Procedure M0030237 M0030238 M0030237 M0030239 M0030237 M0030240 T060585 analysis AN ANAL M0030238 assay C0243073 T059 Laboratory Procedure M0030237 M0030238 T060586 assay M0030239 chemical analysis C0243074 T059 Laboratory Procedure M0030237 M0030239 T060587 chemical analysis M0030240 determination C0243075 T059 Laboratory Procedure M0030237 M0030240 T060588 determination Q000033 anatomy & histology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "morphology"; normal structure only; for disordered structural change use /pathology; see also /cytology & /ultrastructure; see also /blood supply & /innervation; see also /abnormalities; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.7; DF: /anat or /AH 66; used with Category A & B 1966-74; A, B1-2 & B5-6 1975-89; A1-10, A13-14, A16, B1-2 & B6 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AH or AH (SH) or SUBS APPLY AH Y02 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 B01 B06 NLM jls sjn M0030241 anatomy & histology C0002809 Used with organs, regions, and tissues for normal descriptive anatomy and histology, and for the normal anatomy and structure of animals and plants. T017 Anatomical Structure M0030241 M0030243 M0030241 M0030242 M0030241 M0030244 T060589 anatomy & histology AH ANATOMY A ANAT M0030243 anatomy C0220784 T017 Anatomical Structure M0030241 M0030243 T060591 anatomy M0030242 histology C0205462 T169 Functional Concept M0030241 M0030242 T060590 histology M0030244 morphology C0543482 T082 Spatial Concept M0030241 M0030244 T060592 morphology Q000037 antagonists & inhibitors 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1968 01 01 2004 subhead only; for exogenous & endogenous substances; do not confuse with /agonists; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.8; DF: /antag or /AI 68; used with Category D 1968-89; D1-24 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AI or AI (SH) or SUBS APPLY AI Y03.030 Y07.040 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 NLM jls sjn M0030247 antagonists & inhibitors C0003139 Used with chemicals, drugs, and endogenous substances to indicate substances or agents which counteract their biological effects by any mechanism. T120 Chemical Viewed Functionally M0030247 M0030248 M0030247 M0030249 T060595 antagonists & inhibitors AI ANTAG M0030248 antagonists C0243076 T120 Chemical Viewed Functionally M0030247 M0030248 T060596 antagonists M0030249 inhibitors C0243077 T120 Chemical Viewed Functionally M0030247 M0030249 T060597 inhibitors Q000096 biosynthesis 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "formation" & "production" of substances by living tissue or organisms; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.9; DF /biosyn or /BI 66; used with Category D 1966-89; D8-9, D12-13 & D24 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/BI or BI (SH) or SUBS APPLY BI Y08.040.010 D06 D08 D09 D11 D12 D13 D17 D24 NLM jls sjn M0030287 biosynthesis C0005572 Used for the anabolic formation of chemical substances in organisms, in living cells, or by subcellular fractions. T169 Functional Concept T060639 biosynthesis BI BIOSYN T060640 anabolism T060641 bioformation Q000097 blood 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for "in blood" or "blood in" animals or diseases; includes the presence of cells, coagulating elements, endogenous & exogenous chemical substances; not for "serology" ( = /immunology), nor for "serodiagnosis" ( = /diagnosis), nor for the presence of microbes or parasites in the blood in disease ( = /microbiology or /parasitology); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.10; DF: /blood or /BL 67; used with Category C, D & F 1967-74; B2, C, D, F3 1975-86; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+ & PUERPERIUM+ 1987; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING 1988; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING+ 1989; B2, C, D1-24 & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/BL or BL (SH) or SUBS APPLY BL Y01.010 Y08.040.020 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D27 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030288 blood C0005768 Used for the presence or analysis of substances in the blood; also for examination of, or changes in, the blood in disease states. It excludes serodiagnosis, for which the subheading "diagnosis" is used, and serology, for which "immunology" is used. T031 Body Substance T060642 blood BL BLOOD Q000098 blood supply 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes arteries, veins, capillaries & microvasculature; covers vascular anatomy, circulation & pressure; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.11; DF: /blood supply or /BS 66; used with Category A 1966-74; A1-6, A8-10 & A13-16 1975; A1-6, A8-10, A13-16 & C4 1976-89; A1-6, A8-10, A13-14 & C4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/BS or BS (SH) or SUBS APPLY BS Y02.010 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 C04 NLM jls sjn M0030289 blood supply C0005839 Used for arterial, capillary, and venous systems of an organ or region whenever the specific heading for the vessel does not exist. It includes blood flow through the organ. T042 Organ or Tissue Function M0030289 M0030290 T060643 blood supply BS BLOOD SUPPLY T060644 vasculature M0030290 microvasculature C0243079 T042 Organ or Tissue Function M0030289 M0030290 T060645 microvasculature Q000134 cerebrospinal fluid 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for "in cerebrospinal fluid" or "cerebrospinal fluid in" animals or diseases; includes the presence of cells & endogenous & exogenous chemical substances; not for the presence of microbes or parasites in the cerebrospinal fluid in disease ( = /microbiology or /parasitology); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.12; DF: /csf or /CF 67; used with Category C, D & F 1967-74; B2, C, D & F3 1975-86; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+ & PUERPERIUM+ 1987; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING 1989; B2, C, D1-24 & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CF or CF (SH) or SUBS APPLY CF Y01.020 Y08.040.030 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D27 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030318 cerebrospinal fluid C0007807 Used for the presence or analysis of substances in the cerebrospinal fluid; also for examination of or changes in cerebrospinal fluid in disease states. T169 Functional Concept T060681 cerebrospinal fluid CF CSF Q000138 chemical synthesis 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1968 01 01 2004 subhead only; for chemical preparation or production of substances in vitro only, in laboratories or industry; not for formation of substances in living tissue ( = /biosynthesis); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.13; DF: /chem syn or /CS 68; used with Category D 1968 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CS or CS (SH) or SUBS APPLY CS Y03.040 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls sjn M0030321 chemical synthesis C0007987 Used for the chemical preparation of molecules in vitro. For the formation of chemical substances in organisms, living cells, or subcellular fractions, "biosynthesis" is used. T070 Natural Phenomenon or Process T060684 chemical synthesis CS CHEM SYN Q000139 chemically induced 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for biol phenomena or diseases induced by endogenous or exogenous substances; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.14; DF: /chem ind or /CI 1967; used with Category C & F 1967-1974; C & F3 1975-2000; C, F, & G 2001 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CI or CI (SH) or SUBS APPLY CI Y05.010 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030322 chemically induced C0007994 Used for biological phenomena, diseases, syndromes, congenital abnormalities, or symptoms caused by endogenous or exogenous substances. T046 Pathologic Function T060685 chemically induced CI CHEM IND Q000145 classification 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "taxonomy", "systematics", "hierarchies"; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.16; DF: /class or /CL 66; used with Category B 1966; B-I 1967; B-I & N 1968-74; B-N 1975-79; A11 & B-N 1980-89; B-E, F2-4, G1-2, G12, I, J, M & N2-4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CL or CL (SH) or SUBS APPLY CL Y19 N03 N04 A11 A15 B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 E01 E02 E03 E04 E06 E07 F03 G01 G02 I02 I03 J01 J02 M01 N02 NLM jls sjn M0030329 classification C0008903 Used for taxonomic or other systematic or hierarchical classification systems. T169 Functional Concept T185 Classification M0030329 M0030331 M0030329 M0030330 T060692 classification CL CLASS T060693 taxonomy M0030331 hierarchies C0699032 T169 Functional Concept M0030329 M0030331 T060695 hierarchies T060696 hierarchy M0030330 systematics C0220922 T169 Functional Concept M0030329 M0030330 T060694 systematics Q000150 complications 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "sequelae"; also for "co-existent" or "associated" diseases; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.17; DF: /compl or /CO 66; used with Category C & F 1966-74; C & F3 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CO or CO (SH) or SUBS APPLY CO Y05.020 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030334 complications C0009566 Used with diseases to indicate conditions that co-exist or follow, i.e., co-existing diseases, complications, or sequelae. T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030335 M0030334 M0030336 M0030334 M0030337 M0030334 M0030338 M0030334 M0030339 M0030334 M0030340 M0030334 M0030341 M0030334 M0030342 T060699 complications CO COMPL M0030335 associated conditions C0243082 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030335 T060700 associated conditions M0030336 associated disease C0243083 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030336 T060701 associated disease M0030337 coexistent conditions C0243084 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030337 T060702 coexistent conditions M0030338 coexistent disease C0243085 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030338 T060703 coexistent disease M0030339 concomitant conditions C0243086 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030339 T060704 concomitant conditions M0030340 concomitant disease C0243087 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030340 T060705 concomitant disease M0030341 sequelae C0243088 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030341 T060706 sequelae M0030342 sequels C0243089 T046 Pathologic Function M0030334 M0030342 T060707 sequels Q000151 congenital 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; diseases existing at or before birth; not for structural abnormalities ( = /abnormalities) nor for birth injuries ( = /injuries); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.18; DF: /congen or /CN 66 search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CN or CN (SH) or SUBS APPLY CN Y05.030 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C14 C15 C17 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 NLM jls sjn M0030343 congenital C0009678 Used with disease headings to indicate those conditions existing at, and usually before, birth. It excludes morphologic abnormalities and birth injuries, for which "abnormalities" and "injuries" are used. T046 Pathologic Function T079 Temporal Concept T060708 congenital CN CONGEN T060709 connatal Q000166 cytology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; normal structure only; for non-normal, use /pathology; includes cellular & intracellular structure, morphology, multiplication, cell cycle, differentiation, etc.; see also /ultrastructure; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.20; DF: /cytol or /CY 67; used with Category A & B 1966-85; A, B1, B3 & B5-6 1986; A, B1, B3, B5-6 & ASCITIC FLUID 1987; A, B1, B3, B5-6, ASCITIC FLUID & BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID 1988-89; A2-10, A12-16, B1, B3 & B5-6 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CY or CY (SH) or SUBS APPLY CY Y02.020 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B02 B03 B05 B06 B07 NLM jls sjn M0030350 cytology C0010820 Used for normal cellular morphology of unicellular and multicellular organisms. T017 Anatomical Structure T033 Finding M0030350 M0030352 M0030350 M0030351 T060717 cytology CY CYTOL T060718 cellular aspects M0030352 cell structure C0935919 T017 Anatomical Structure M0030350 M0030352 T060721 cell structure T060722 cellular structure M0030351 cellular morphology C0243091 T017 Anatomical Structure M0030350 M0030351 T060720 cellular morphology T060719 cell morphology Q000172 deficiency 1974 10 23 2003 07 22 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; for deficient or inadequate intake or biosynthesis; also for deficient secretion of endogenous substances; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.21; /DF: /defic or /DF 75; used with Category D 1975-89; D8, D12-13 & D24 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/DF or DF (SH) or SUBS APPLY DF Y08.040.040 D08 D12 D17 NLM jls sjn M0030357 deficiency C0011155 Used with endogenous and exogenous substances which are absent or in diminished amount relative to the normal requirement of an organism or a biologic system. T169 Functional Concept T060727 deficiency DF DEFIC Q000175 diagnosis 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "examination", "symptoms", "differential diagnosis"; not for X-ray diagnosis ( = /radiography), nor for radioisotope scanning ( = /radionuclide imaging), nor for ultrasonic diagnosis ( = /ultrasonography) nor for mass screening ( = /prevention & control); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.22; DF: /diag or /DI 66; used with Category C & F 1966-74; C & F3 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/DI or DI (SH) or SUBS APPLY DI Y04 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030360 diagnosis C0348026 Used with diseases for all aspects of diagnosis, including examination, differential diagnosis and prognosis; excludes mass screening for which "prevention & control" is used. Excludes radiographic diagnosis for which "radiography" is used; excludes scintigraphic diagnosis for which "radionuclide imaging" is used; excludes ultrasonic diagnosis for which "ultrasonography" is used. T169 Functional Concept M0030360 M0030361 M0030360 M0030364 M0030360 M0030362 M0030360 M0030363 M0030360 M0030365 T060730 diagnosis DI DIAG M0030361 differential diagnosis C0220820 T169 Functional Concept M0030360 M0030361 T060731 differential diagnosis M0030364 findings C0243095 T169 Functional Concept M0030360 M0030364 T060734 findings M0030362 screening C0220909 T169 Functional Concept M0030360 M0030362 T060732 screening M0030363 signs C0220912 T169 Functional Concept M0030360 M0030363 T060733 signs M0030365 symptoms C0683368 T169 Functional Concept M0030360 M0030365 T060735 symptoms Q000176 diagnostic use 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for substances & physical agents used in diagnosis of disease or study of organ function; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.23; DF: /diag use or /DU 67; used with Category D & H 1967-89; D 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/DU or DU (SH) or SUBS APPLY DU Y07.060 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 NLM jls sjn M0030366 diagnostic use C0011933 Used with chemical compounds, drugs, and physical agents when these substances are used for studies of clinical function of an organ, or for the diagnosis of human or animal diseases. T060 Diagnostic Procedure T060736 diagnostic use DU DIAG USE Q000178 diet therapy 1974 10 23 2003 07 22 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; for dietary & nutritional management of a disease by a physician; not for self diets; not for vitamin or mineral supplements prescribed by a physician ( = /drug therapy); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.24; DF: /diet ther or /DH 75; used with Category C & F3 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/DH or DH (SH) or SUBS APPLY DH Y11.010 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030367 diet therapy C0012160 Used with disease headings for dietary and nutritional management of the disease. The concept does not include vitamin or mineral supplements, for which "drug therapy" may be used. T169 Functional Concept T060737 diet therapy DH DIET THER T060738 dietary management T060739 nutritional management Q000187 drug effects 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for effect of exogenously administered drugs & chemicals; includes their mechanism of action; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.25; DF: /drug eff or /DE 66; used with Category A, B & G 1966; A, B, F & G 1967-74; A, B, F1-2 & G4-11 1975-81; A, B1, B3-6, F1-2 & G4-11 1982; A, B1, B3-6, F1-2 & G4-12 1983-86; A, B1, B3-6, F1-2, G4-12, BLOOD PROTEINS+, DNA+ & RNA+ 1987-88; A, B1, B3-6, F1-2, G4-12, BLOOD PROTEINS+ & NUCLEIC ACIDS+ 1989; A2-16, B1, B3-6, D12 & G4-12 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/DE or DE (SH) or SUBS APPLY DE Y21 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 D08 D12 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 G09 G10 G11 G14 NLM jls sjn M0030371 drug effects C0728866 Used with organs, regions, tissues, or organisms and physiological and psychological processes for the effects of drugs and chemicals. T038 Biologic Function T060743 drug effects DE DRUG EFF T060744 effect of drugs T060745 pharmacologic effects Q000188 drug therapy 1999 11 03 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes treatment or prevention by drugs & chemicals; includes therapy with antibiotics; not for immunotherapy nor for tissue therapy ( = /therapy); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.26; DF: /drug ther or /DT 66; used with Category C & F 1966-74; C & F3 1975-87; C, F3 & SMOKING 1988; C, F3 & SMOKING+ 1989; C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/DT or DT (SH) or SUBS APPLY DT Y11.020 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 C01 C02 NLM jls sjn M0030372 drug therapy C0013217 Used with disease headings for the treatment of disease by the administration of drugs, chemicals, and antibiotics. For diet therapy and radiotherapy, use specific subheadings. Excludes immunotherapy for which "therapy" is used. T169 Functional Concept T060746 drug therapy DT DRUG THER T060747 chemotherapy T060749 pharmacologic therapy T060748 pharmacotherapy Q000191 economics 1977 05 16 2003 07 24 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "finances", "financing", "funding", "costs", "fees", "salaries", "financial management", etc.; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.27; DF: /econ or /EC CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 78; used with Category C, E, F3 & N2-4 1978-79; C, E, F3-4, G1-3, I2, J, L & N2-4 1980-87; C, E, F3-4, G1-3, I2, J, L, N2-4 & SMOKING 1988; C, E, F3-4, G1-3, I2, J, L, N2-4 & SMOKING+ 1989; C, E, F3-4, G1-2, I2-3, J & N2-4 1990-91; C, D, E, F3-4, G1-2 I2-3, J & N2-4 1992 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/EC or EC (SH) or SUBS APPLY EC Y06.010 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 F03 G01 G02 I02 I03 J01 J02 N02 N03 N04 CAB jls sjn M0030375 economics C0013557 Used for the economic aspects of any subject, as well as for all aspects of financial management. It includes the raising or providing of funds. T081 Quantitative Concept T169 Functional Concept M0030375 M0030376 M0030375 M0030377 M0030375 M0030381 M0030375 M0030378 M0030375 M0030380 M0030375 M0030382 M0030375 M0030379 T060752 economics EC ECON M0030376 cost C0220812 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030375 M0030376 T060753 cost M0030377 fees C0220828 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030375 M0030377 T060754 fees M0030381 finances C0376243 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030375 M0030381 T060758 finances M0030378 financial management C0220830 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030375 M0030378 T060755 financial management M0030380 financing C0243097 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030375 M0030380 T060757 financing M0030382 funding C0376244 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030375 M0030382 T060759 funding M0030379 salaries C0220907 T169 Functional Concept M0030375 M0030379 T060756 salaries Q000193 education 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "training", "teaching", "curriculum"; for the teacher teaching, the student learning & the courses taught; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.28; DF: /educ or /ED CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 67; used with Category F-I 1967; F-I & N 1968-71; F-I, M & N 1972-74; E, F, G1-3, H-M & N1-2 1975-89; F4, G1-2, I3 & M 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/ED or ED (SH) or SUBS APPLY ED Y23 E04 G01 G02 NLM jls sjn M0030384 education C0013622 Used for education, training programs, and courses in various fields and disciplines, and for training groups of persons. T065 Educational Activity M0030384 M0030385 M0030384 M0030386 M0030384 M0030387 T060761 education ED EDUC M0030385 curriculum C0220815 T065 Educational Activity M0030384 M0030385 T060762 curriculum M0030386 teaching C0220924 T065 Educational Activity M0030384 M0030386 T060763 teaching M0030387 training C0220931 T065 Educational Activity M0030384 M0030387 T060764 training Q000196 embryology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "embryonic", "embryonal", "embryological aspects"; for embryonic & fetal development; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.29; DF: /embryol or /EM 66; used with Category A 1966; A & B 1967-69; A, B & C 1970-74; A1-10, A13-15, B1-2, B6 & C 1975-89; A1-10, A13-14, B1-2, B6 & C 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/EM or EM (SH) or SUBS APPLY EM Y02.030 Y05.040 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 B01 B06 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 NLM jls sjn M0030391 embryology C0013943 Used with organs, regions, and animal headings for embryologic and fetal development. It is used also with diseases for embryologic factors contributing to postnatal disorders. T169 Functional Concept M0030391 M0030393 M0030391 M0030394 M0030391 M0030392 M0030391 M0030395 T060768 embryology EM EMBRYOL M0030393 embryonic aspects C0243099 T169 Functional Concept M0030391 M0030393 T060770 embryonic aspects M0030394 embryonic development C0243100 T169 Functional Concept M0030391 M0030394 T060771 embryonic development M0030392 fetal development C0220829 T169 Functional Concept M0030391 M0030392 T060769 fetal development M0030395 prenatal development C0243101 T169 Functional Concept M0030391 M0030395 T060772 prenatal development Q000201 enzymology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for enzymatic metabolism, kinetics, analysis & inhibition; not for enzyme tests ( = /diagnosis); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.30; DF: /enzymol or /EN 66; used with Category A & B 1966-67; A-C & F 1968-74; A, B1, B3-6, C & F3 1975-89; A2-16, B1, B3-6, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/EN or EN (SH) or SUBS APPLY EN Y08.040.050 C23 F03 B07 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 NLM jls sjn M0030398 enzymology C0014445 Used with organisms, except vertebrates, and with organs and tissues. It is also used with diseases for enzymes during the course of the disease, but excludes diagnostic enzyme tests, for which "diagnosis" is used. T091 Biomedical Occupation or Discipline T169 Functional Concept M0030398 M0030399 T060775 enzymology EN ENZYMOL T060776 enzymes M0030399 enzyme activity C0243102 T169 Functional Concept M0030398 M0030399 T060777 enzyme activity Q000208 ethnology 1974 10 23 2003 07 24 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; with disease & selected terms for "the place of origin of a group of people"; with geog terms for the place of origin; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.32; DF: /ethnol or /EH CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 75; used with Category Z 1975-86; C, F3 Z, AGING, ALCOHOL DRINKING, CLIMACTERIC+, FOOD HABITS & PUBERTY+ 1987; C, F3, Z, AGING, ALCOHOL DRINKING, CLIMACTERIC+, FOOD HABITS, PUBERTY+ & SMOKING 1988; C, F3, Z, AGING, ALCOHOL DRINKING, CLIMACTERIC+, FAMILY+, FOOD HABITS, HOMOSEXUALITY, PUBERTY+ & SMOKING+ 1989; C1-21, C23, F3 & Z 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/EH or EH (SH) or SUBS APPLY EH; restricted to Category Z 1975-86 Y09.010.010 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C23 F03 Z01 NLM jls sjn M0030405 ethnology C0015033 Used with diseases for ethnic, cultural, or anthropological aspects, and with geographic headings to indicate the place of origin of a group of people. T080 Qualitative Concept M0030405 M0030406 M0030405 M0030407 M0030405 M0030408 T060783 ethnology EH ETHNOL M0030406 anthropology C0220785 T169 Functional Concept M0030405 M0030406 T060784 anthropology M0030407 culture C0220814 T169 Functional Concept M0030405 M0030407 T060785 culture M0030408 ethnicity C0243103 T080 Qualitative Concept M0030405 M0030408 T060786 ethnicity Q000209 etiology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "pathogenesis" & "causes"; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.33; DF: /etiol or /ET 66; used with Category C & F 1966-74; C & F3 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/ET or ET (SH) or SUBS APPLY ET Y05 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030410 etiology C0015127 Used with diseases for causative agents including microorganisms and includes environmental and social factors and personal habits as contributing factors. It includes pathogenesis. T169 Functional Concept M0030410 M0030411 T060788 etiology ET ETIOL T060790 causality T060789 causes M0030411 pathogenesis C0543483 T169 Functional Concept M0030410 M0030411 T060791 pathogenesis Q000235 genetics 1977 05 16 2003 07 24 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "heredity"; with organisms for genetic discussions; with diseases for the genetic basis & means of inheritance; with endogenous chemicals only for their genetic aspects; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.34; DF: /genet or /GE 78; /familial & genetic was subheading 1966-88; used with Category B, D6, D8-13 & D24 1978-86; B, D6, D8-13, D24, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, DRUG RESISTANCE+, PIGMENTATION+ & PUBERTY+ 1987-88; B, C, D6, D8-13, D24, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, DRUG RESISTANCE+, ETHNIC GROUPS+, PIGMENTATION+, PUBERTY+ & RACIAL STOCKS+ 1989; B, C, D8-9, D11-13, D24, F3 & G4-12 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/GE or GE (SH) or SUBS APPLY GE; use /genetics to search /familial & genetic back thru 1966 Y05.050 Y08.010 B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D06 D08 D11 D12 D13 D17 D24 F03 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 G09 G10 G11 G14 CAB jls sjn M0030426 genetics C0017399 Used for mechanisms of heredity and the genetics of organisms, for the genetic basis of normal and pathologic states, and for the genetic aspects of endogenous chemicals. It includes biochemical and molecular influence on genetic material. T038 Biologic Function M0030426 M0030427 T060806 genetics GE GENET M0030427 heredity C0220848 T038 Biologic Function M0030426 M0030427 T060807 heredity Q000254 growth & development 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for micro-organisms & plants; with animals, for postnatal development only: for prenatal development, see /embryology; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.35; DF: /growth or /GD 66; used with Category A & B 1966-74; A1-9, A13-15 & B 1975-86; A1-9, A13-15, B & INFANT, NEWBORN+ 1987-89; A1-l0, A13-14 & B 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/GD or GD (SH) or SUBS APPLY GD Y08.020 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 NLM jls sjn M0030446 growth & development C0018271 Used with microorganisms, plants, and the postnatal period of animals for growth and development. It includes also the postnatal growth or development of organs or anatomical parts. T039 Physiologic Function T170 Intellectual Product M0030446 M0030448 M0030446 M0030447 M0030446 M0030449 M0030446 M0030450 T060828 growth & development GD GROWTH A GROWTH M0030448 development C0243107 T039 Physiologic Function M0030446 M0030448 T060830 development M0030447 growth C0220844 T039 Physiologic Function M0030446 M0030447 T060829 growth M0030449 postnatal development C0243108 T040 Organism Function M0030446 M0030449 T060831 postnatal development M0030450 postnatal growth C0243109 T040 Organism Function M0030446 M0030450 T060832 postnatal growth Q000266 history 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for historical articles or historical notes in articles; not for "case histories" ( = check tag CASE REPORT); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.36; DF: /hist or /HI CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 66; used with Category C-M 1966-67; C-N 1968-74; C-F, G1-3 & H-N 1975-1989; C-E, F3-4, G1-2, I2-3, J, M & N2-3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/HI or HI (SH) or SUBS APPLY HI Y27 F03 F04 G01 G02 I01 I02 I03 J01 J02 M01 N02 N03 N04 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 NLM jls sjn M0030460 history C0019665 Used for the historical aspects of any subject. It includes brief historical notes but excludes case histories. T170 Intellectual Product M0030460 M0030461 T060845 history HI HIST T060846 historical aspects M0030461 historical notes C0243110 T170 Intellectual Product M0030460 M0030461 T060847 historical notes Q000276 immunology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for "immunological aspects" or "serological aspects"; for substances as antigens or haptens; for antibodies to substances, organs or organisms; not for immunotherapy ( = /therapy), nor for immunologic prevention, as with vaccines ( = /prevention & control), nor for serodiagnosis ( = /diagnosis); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.37; DF: /immunol or /IM 66; used with Category B & C 1966-67; A, B & C 1968-69; A, B, C & F 1970-74; A, B, C & F3 1975-86; A, B, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+ & PUERPERIUM+ 1987; A, B, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING 1988; A, B, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING+ 1989; A2-16, B, C, D1-24, F3 & G4-12 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/IM or IM (SH) or SUBS APPLY IM Y05.060 Y08.030 D08 D09 D10 D11 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D27 F03 G04 G05 G07 G08 G09 G10 G14 B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 NLM jls sjn M0030471 immunology C0205470 Used for immunologic studies of tissues, organs, microorganisms, fungi, viruses, and animals. It includes immunologic aspects of diseases but not immunologic procedures used for diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic purposes, for which "diagnosis", "prevention & control", or "therapy" are used. The concept is also used for chemicals as antigens or haptens. T169 Functional Concept M0030471 M0030472 T060858 immunology IM IMMUNOL M0030472 serology C0220911 T169 Functional Concept M0030471 M0030472 T060859 serology Q000293 injuries 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; by physical trauma only; includes "wounds", "trauma"; for "lesion" in Romance languages; not for cell damage ( = /pathology); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.38; DF: /inj or /IN 66; used with Category C 1966; Category A 1967-74; A1-9 & A13-15 1975-88; A1-9, A13-15 & B2 1989; A1-10, A13-14, B2 & I3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/IN or IN (SH) or SUBS APPLY IN Y29 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 NLM jls sjn M0030486 injuries C0021501 Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which "pathology" is used. T037 Injury or Poisoning M0030486 M0030487 T060876 injuries IN INJ T060877 trauma M0030487 wounds C0220939 T037 Injury or Poisoning M0030486 M0030487 T060878 wounds Q000294 innervation 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "nerve supply"; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.39; DF: /innerv or /IR 66; used with Category A 1966-74; A1-9 & A13-16 1975; A1-7, A9 & A13-16 1976-89; A1-7, A9-10, A13-14 & A16 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/IR or IR (SH) or SUBS APPLY IR Y02.040 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 NLM jls sjn M0030488 innervation C0021516 Used with organs, regions, or tissues for their nerve supply. T042 Organ or Tissue Function T060879 innervation IR INNERV T060880 nerve supply Q000295 instrumentation 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "apparatus", "appliances", "instruments","equipment", "supplies", "devices"; not for techniques ( = /methods); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.40; DF: /instrum or /IS 66; used with Category E-H 1966-67; E-H & J 1968-74; E, F2, F4, G1-3, H, J & L 1975-81; E1-6, F2, F4, G1-3, H, J & L 1982-89; E1-6, F4 & G1-2 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/IS or IS (SH) or SUBS APPLY IS Y31 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 G01 G02 NLM jls sjn M0030489 instrumentation C0021632 Used with diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, analytic techniques, and specialties or disciplines, for the development or modification of apparatus, instruments, or equipment. T081 Quantitative Concept M0030489 M0030492 M0030489 M0030493 M0030489 M0030490 M0030489 M0030491 M0030489 M0030494 T060881 instrumentation IS INSTRUM M0030492 apparatus C0243111 T073 Manufactured Object M0030489 M0030492 T060884 apparatus M0030493 appliances C0243112 T073 Manufactured Object M0030489 M0030493 T060885 appliances M0030490 devices C0220819 T073 Manufactured Object M0030489 M0030490 T060882 devices M0030491 equipment C0220824 T073 Manufactured Object M0030489 M0030491 T060883 equipment M0030494 instruments C0243113 T073 Manufactured Object M0030489 M0030494 T060886 instruments Q000302 isolation & purification 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; with micro-organisms & helminths includes obtaining pure strains, demonstrating presence & culture techniques but consider also /growth & development; with chemicals & biological substances includes isolation of constituents; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.41; DF: /isol or /IP 66; used with Category B 1966-68; B & D 1969-74; B1, B3-5 & D 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/IP or IP (SH) or SUBS APPLY IP Y01.030 B02 B03 B04 B05 B07 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls sjn M0030500 isolation & purification C0022189 Used with bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths for the obtaining of pure strains or for the demonstration of the presence of or identification of organisms by DNA analyses, immunologic, or other methods, including culture techniques. It is used also with biological substances and chemicals for the isolation and purification of the constituents. T059 Laboratory Procedure T062 Research Activity M0030500 M0030501 M0030500 M0030502 T060892 isolation & purification IP ISOLATION A ISOL M0030501 isolation C0220862 T059 Laboratory Procedure T062 Research Activity M0030500 M0030501 T060893 isolation M0030502 purification C0243114 T059 Laboratory Procedure T062 Research Activity M0030500 M0030502 T060894 purification Q000331 legislation & jurisprudence 1977 05 16 2003 07 24 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "legal", "laws", "government regulations","statutes", "ordinances", "medicolegal", "judicial", "juridical", "suits", "avoidance of suits", "litigation", "court decisions"; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.42; DF: /legis or /LJ 78; used with Category I1-2 & N2-4 1978-87; I1-2, L, N2-4 & SMOKING 1988; G2-3, I1-2, L, N2-4 & SMOKING+ 1989; G1-2, I2-3 & N2-4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/LJ or LJ (SH) or SUBS APPLY LJ Y06.020 E04 G01 G02 I02 I03 M01 N02 N03 N04 CAB jls sjn M0030527 legislation & jurisprudence C0023242 Used for laws, statutes, ordinances, or government regulations, as well as for legal controversy and court decisions. T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030535 M0030527 M0030528 M0030527 M0030529 M0030527 M0030536 M0030527 M0030537 M0030527 M0030530 M0030527 M0030538 M0030527 M0030531 M0030527 M0030533 M0030527 M0030539 M0030527 M0030540 M0030527 M0030534 M0030527 M0030541 T060922 legislation & jurisprudence LJ LEGISLATION AB LEGIS M0030535 civil suits C0243115 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030535 T060931 civil suits M0030528 court decisions C0220813 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030528 T060923 court decisions M0030529 government regulations C0220842 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030529 T060924 government regulations M0030536 judicial aspects C0243116 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030536 T060932 judicial aspects M0030537 juridical aspects C0243117 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030537 T060933 juridical aspects M0030530 laws C0220866 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030530 T060925 laws M0030538 lawsuits C0243118 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030538 T060934 lawsuits M0030531 legal aspects C0220868 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030531 T060927 legal aspects T060926 jurisprudence M0030533 litigation C0220872 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030533 T060929 litigation M0030539 medicolegal aspects C0243119 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030539 T060935 medicolegal aspects M0030540 ordinances C0243120 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030540 T060936 ordinances M0030534 regulations C0220905 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030534 T060930 regulations M0030541 statutes C0243121 T089 Regulation or Law M0030527 M0030541 T060937 statutes Q000364 manpower 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1996 01 01 2004 subhead only; for availability of personnel only; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.43; DF: /man or /MA CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 68; used with Category E-I, L & N 1968-74; E6, F4, G1-2, H-J, L & N2-4 1975-85; E6, F4, G1-2, H, J, L & N2-4 1986-87; E6, F4, G1-2, H-J, L & N2-4 1988-89; E6, F4, G1-2 & N2 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/MA or MA (SH) or SUBS APPLY MA Y06.030 G01 G02 NLM jls sjn M0030563 manpower C0024752 Used with disciplines and programs for the demand, supply, distribution, recruitment, and use of personnel. T169 Functional Concept T060966 manpower MA MAN T060967 employees T060968 human resources T060969 personnel T060971 workers T060970 workforce Q000378 metabolism 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only: includes "binding", "catabolism", "conversion", "degradation", "incorporation", "mobilization", "pathway", "splitting", "storage", "turnover", "utilization"; not for "anabolism": use instead /biosynthesis; not for "absorption", "distribution", "pharmacokinetics", "release", "transport", "uptake": for these use instead /pharmacokinetics; for excretion into the blood use /blood, into the cerebrospinal fluid use /cerebrospinal fluid, into the urine use /urine; for biosynthesis or synthesis use /biosynthesis; for secretion use /secretion; for any metabolic aspect of enzymes use /enzymology; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.44; DF: /metab or /ME 66; used with Category A-D & F 1966-74; A-D & F3 1975-86; A-D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+ & PUERPERIUM+ 1987; A-D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING 1988; A-D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING+ 1989; A2-16, B-D & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use; main heading/ME or ME (SH) or SUBS APPLY ME; included /pharmacokinetics 1966-87 Y08.040 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 F03 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 C01 C02 C03 NLM jls sjn M0030575 metabolism C0025520 Used with organs, cells and subcellular fractions, organisms, and diseases for biochemical changes and metabolism. It is used also with drugs and chemicals for catabolic changes (breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones). For anabolic processes (conversion of small molecules into large), BIOSYNTHESIS is used. For enzymology, pharmacokinetics, and secretion use the specific subheadings. T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030578 M0030575 M0030576 M0030575 M0030577 M0030575 M0030583 M0030575 M0030579 M0030575 M0030580 M0030575 M0030582 M0030575 M0030581 T060983 metabolism ME METAB M0030578 biochemical pathways C0243123 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030578 T060986 biochemical pathways M0030576 biodegradation C0220796 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030576 T060984 biodegradation M0030577 biotransformation C0220798 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030577 T060985 biotransformation M0030583 catabolism C0543484 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030583 T060991 catabolism M0030579 degradation C0243125 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030579 T060987 degradation M0030580 incorporation C0243126 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030580 T060988 incorporation M0030582 mobilization C0300926 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030582 T060990 mobilization M0030581 turnover C0243127 T169 Functional Concept M0030575 M0030581 T060989 turnover Q000379 methods 1974 10 23 2003 07 24 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "technique", "methodology", "procedures"; see also /instrumentation; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.45; DF: /methods or /MT 75; used with Category E, F4, G1-3, H-J, L & N 1975-81; E1-6, F4, G1-3, H-J, L & N 1982-89; E1-6, F4, G1-2 & I2 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/MT or MT (SH) or SUBS APPLY MT Y33 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 G01 G02 NLM jls sjn M0030584 methods C0025664 Used with techniques, procedures, and programs for methods. T170 Intellectual Product M0030584 M0030585 T060992 methods MT METHODS T060993 procedures T060994 techniques M0030585 methodology C0969625 T170 Intellectual Product M0030584 M0030585 T060995 methodology Q000382 microbiology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for bacteria, rickettsia, fungi; see also /parasitology & /virology; for ability of organisms to cause disease use /pathogenicity; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.46; DF: /microbiol or /MI 67; used with Category A & C 1967-74; A, B1-2, B6, C & F3 1975-86; A, B1-2, B6, C, F3 & INFANT, NEWBORN+; A, B1-2, B6, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/MI or MI (SH) or SUBS APPLY MI Y05.070 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B01 B02 B06 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 E07 F03 J02 NLM jls sjn M0030588 microbiology C0025953 Used with organs, animals, and higher plants and with diseases for microbiologic studies. For parasites, "parasitology" is used; for viruses, "virology" is used. T170 Intellectual Product M0030588 M0030592 M0030588 M0030590 M0030588 M0030593 M0030588 M0030589 M0030588 M0030591 T060998 microbiology MI MICROBIOL M0030592 bacteria C0521009 T169 Functional Concept M0030588 M0030592 T061002 bacteria M0030590 bacteriology C0220790 T170 Intellectual Product M0030588 M0030590 T061000 bacteriology M0030593 fungi C0521033 T169 Functional Concept M0030588 M0030593 T061003 fungi M0030589 mycology C0205467 T170 Intellectual Product M0030588 M0030589 T060999 mycology M0030591 rickettsia C0220906 T169 Functional Concept M0030588 M0030591 T061001 rickettsia Q000401 mortality 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "survival"; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.47; DF: /mortal or /MO CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 67; used with Category C, E & F 1967-74; C, E & F3-4 1975-86; C, E, F3-4 & SMOKING 1988; C, E, F3-4, ACCIDENTS+ & SMOKING+ 1989; C, E4 & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/MO or MO (SH) or SUBS APPLY MO Y09.010.020 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 E01 E03 E04 F03 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 NLM jls sjn M0030609 mortality C0026566 Used with human and veterinary diseases for mortality statistics. For deaths resulting from various procedures statistically but for a death resulting in a specific case, use FATAL OUTCOME, not /mortality. T081 Quantitative Concept T170 Intellectual Product M0030609 M0030611 M0030609 M0030612 T061020 mortality MO MORTAL M0030611 death rate C0220817 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030609 M0030611 T061022 death rate M0030612 survival C0220921 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030609 M0030612 T061023 survival Q000451 nursing 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "nursing care" by professional nurse or physician-prescribed home programs; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.48; DF: /nurs or /NU 66; used with Category C & F 1966-69; C, E & F 1970-74; C, E & F3 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/NU or NU (SH) or SUBS APPLY NU Y11.030 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 E01 E03 E04 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030646 nursing C0028678 Used with diseases for nursing care and techniques in their management. It includes the nursing role in diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive procedures. T061 Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure M0030646 M0030647 T061061 nursing NU NURS T061062 nursing care M0030647 home care C0994454 T058 Health Care Activity M0030646 M0030647 T061063 home care Q000453 epidemiology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; with diseases & geographicals only; includes "incidence", "frequency", "prevalence", "occurrence", "outbreaks"; not for "mortality" ( = /mortality); not for "statistics" on non-disease terms ( = /statist); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.31; DF: /epidemiol or /EP CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 89; was /occurrence 1966-88; was used with Category C, F3 & SMOKING+ 1989; C, F3 & Z 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/EP or EP (SH) or SUBS APPLY EP; use /epidemiology to search /occurrence 1966-88 Y09.010 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 Z01 NLM jls sjn M0030648 epidemiology C0014508 Used with human and veterinary diseases for the distribution of disease, factors which cause disease, and the attributes of disease in defined populations; includes incidence, frequency, prevalence, endemic and epidemic outbreaks; also surveys and estimates of morbidity in geographic areas and in specified populations. Used also with geographical headings for the location of epidemiologic aspects of a disease. Excludes mortality for which "mortality" is used. T169 Functional Concept M0030648 M0030655 M0030648 M0030649 M0030648 M0030657 M0030648 M0030650 M0030648 M0030651 M0030648 M0030656 M0030648 M0030652 M0030648 M0030653 M0030648 M0030654 T061064 epidemiology EP EPIDEMIOL M0030655 endemics C0243130 T169 Functional Concept M0030648 M0030655 T061071 endemics M0030649 epidemics C0220823 T169 Functional Concept M0030648 M0030649 T061065 epidemics M0030657 frequency C0376249 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030648 M0030657 T061073 frequency M0030650 incidence C0220856 T169 Functional Concept M0030648 M0030650 T061066 incidence M0030651 morbidity C0220880 T170 Intellectual Product M0030648 M0030651 T061067 morbidity M0030656 occurrence C0243132 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030648 M0030656 T061072 occurrence M0030652 outbreaks C0220888 T169 Functional Concept M0030648 M0030652 T061068 outbreaks M0030653 prevalence C0220900 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030648 M0030653 T061069 prevalence M0030654 surveillance C0220920 T169 Functional Concept M0030648 M0030654 T061070 surveillance Q000458 organization & administration 1977 05 16 2003 07 24 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes organizational structure & management; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.49; DF: /organ or /OG 78; used with Category N2-4 1978-79; I2, L & N2-4 1980-88; G2, I2, L & N2-4 1989; G1-2, I2, N2-4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/OG or OG (SH) or SUBS APPLY OG Y06 G01 G02 I02 N02 N04 CAB jls sjn M0030662 organization & administration C0029236 Used for administrative structure and management. T057 Occupational Activity M0030662 M0030667 M0030662 M0030664 M0030662 M0030665 M0030662 M0030663 M0030662 M0030666 T061078 organization & administration OG ORGANIZATION ANDD ORGAN M0030667 organizational structure C0687114 T057 Occupational Activity M0030662 M0030667 T061083 organizational structure M0030664 administrative management C0243133 T057 Occupational Activity M0030662 M0030664 T061080 administrative management M0030665 administrative structure C0243134 T057 Occupational Activity M0030662 M0030665 T061081 administrative structure M0030663 organization C0220885 T080 Qualitative Concept M0030662 M0030663 T061079 organization M0030666 organizational management C0243135 T057 Occupational Activity M0030662 M0030666 T061082 organizational management Q000469 parasitology 1974 10 23 2003 07 24 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; for protozoa & higher parasites; see also /microbiology & /virology; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.50; DF: /parasitol or /PS 75; used with Category A, B1-2, B6, C & F3 1975-86; A, B1-2, B6, C, F3 & INFANT, NEWBORN+ 1987-89; A, B1-2, B6, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PS or PS (SH) or SUBS APPLY PS Y05.080 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B01 B02 B06 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 E07 F03 J02 A01 A02 NLM jls sjn M0030677 parasitology C0205468 Used with animals, higher plants, organs, and diseases for parasitic factors. In diseases, it is not used if the parasitic involvement is implicit in the diagnosis. T169 Functional Concept M0030677 M0030679 M0030677 M0030678 M0030677 M0030681 M0030677 M0030682 M0030677 M0030680 T061093 parasitology PS PARASITOL M0030679 helminthology C0243137 T169 Functional Concept M0030677 M0030679 T061095 helminthology M0030678 helminths C0220846 T169 Functional Concept M0030677 M0030678 T061094 helminths M0030681 parasites C0521066 T169 Functional Concept M0030677 M0030681 T061097 parasites M0030682 protozoa C0521067 T169 Functional Concept M0030677 M0030682 T061098 protozoa M0030680 protozoology C0243138 T169 Functional Concept M0030677 M0030680 T061096 protozoology Q000472 pathogenicity 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for the potential ability of micro-organisms or parasites to cause disease in man, animal, or plant under specified conditions: not for specific infections; includes virulence; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.51; DF: /pathogen or /PY 66; used with Category B 1966-74; B1 & B3-5 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PY or PY (SH) or SUBS APPLY PY Y35 B02 B03 B04 B05 B07 NLM jls sjn M0030684 pathogenicity C0030657 Used with microorganisms, viruses, and parasites for studies of their ability to cause disease in man, animals, or plants. T080 Qualitative Concept M0030684 M0030685 T061100 pathogenicity PY PATHOGEN T061101 infectivity M0030685 virulence C0220936 T080 Qualitative Concept M0030684 M0030685 T061102 virulence Q000473 pathology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for description of tissue or cell structure in disease: not for normal tissue ( = /anatomy & histology) nor for normal cells ( = /cytology); not a synonym for "disease"; includes biopsy; for subcellular pathology use /ultrastruct; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.52; DF: /pathol or /PA 66; used with Category A, C & F 1966-74; A, C & F3 1975-86; A, C, F3 & AGING 1987; A, C, F3, AGING, BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID & SMOKING 1988; A, C, F3, AGING & SMOKING+ 1989; A1-11, A13-16, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PA or PA (SH) or SUBS APPLY PA Y02.020.010 Y04.010 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030686 pathology C0205469 Used for organ, tissue, or cell structure in disease states. T169 Functional Concept M0030686 M0030687 M0030686 M0030688 M0030686 M0030689 T061103 pathology PA PATHOL M0030687 biopsy C0220797 T169 Functional Concept M0030686 M0030687 T061104 biopsy M0030688 cytopathology C0243139 T169 Functional Concept M0030686 M0030688 T061105 cytopathology M0030689 histopathology C0243140 T169 Functional Concept M0030686 M0030689 T061106 histopathology Q000493 pharmacokinetics 1987 04 18 2003 07 24 1988 01 01 2004 subhead only; with exogenous chemicals only; includes "dynamics", "kinetics", "biochemical mechanism", "absorption", "distribution", "release", "transport", "uptake"; on the extent & rate of metabolism; not for pharmacologic effects or pharmacologic action ( = /pharmacology); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.53; DF: /pharmacokin or /PK 88; used with Category D 1988 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PK or PK (SH) or SUBS APPLY PK; use /metabolism or /ME to search /pharmacokinetics 1966-87 Y07.070 Y08.040.060 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D25 D26 D27 SCD jls sjn M0030695 pharmacokinetics C0031328 Used for the mechanism, dynamics and kinetics of exogenous chemical and drug absorption, biotransformation, distribution, release, transport, uptake and elimination as a function of dosage, extent and rate of metabolic processes. T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030696 M0030695 M0030699 M0030695 M0030700 M0030695 M0030697 M0030695 M0030698 M0030695 M0030701 T061112 pharmacokinetics PK PHARMACOKIN M0030696 absorption C0220777 T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030696 T061113 absorption M0030699 binding C0243122 T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030699 T061116 binding M0030700 biochemical transport C0243143 T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030700 T061117 biochemical transport M0030697 kinetics C0220865 T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030697 T061114 kinetics M0030698 tissue distribution C0220927 T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030698 T061115 tissue distribution M0030701 toxicokinetics C0282690 T169 Functional Concept M0030695 M0030701 T061118 toxicokinetics Q000494 pharmacology 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; with exogenous chemicals only; includes "effect", "mechanism of action", "mode of action"; not for pharmacokinetics ( = /pharmacokinetics); see also /adverse effects, /poisoning & /toxicity; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.54; DF: /pharmacol or /PD 88; was /pharmacodynamics 1966-87; used with Category D 1966 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PD or PD (SH) or SUBS APPLY PD; use /pharmacology or /PD to search /pharmacodynamics back thru 1966 Y07 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls sjn M0030702 pharmacology C0205464 Used with drugs and exogenously administered chemical substances for their effects on living tissues and organisms. It includes acceleration and inhibition of physiological and biochemical processes and other pharmacologic mechanisms of action. T169 Functional Concept M0030702 M0030703 M0030702 M0030704 T061119 pharmacology PD PHARMACOL T061120 mechanism of action T061121 mode of action M0030703 pharmacodynamics C0243145 T169 Functional Concept M0030702 M0030703 T061122 pharmacodynamics M0030704 pharmacologic action C0243146 T169 Functional Concept M0030702 M0030704 T061123 pharmacologic action Q000502 physiology 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; normal "function" only: for function in disease use /physiopathology; with endogenous chemicals only, for their physiologic role; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.55; DF: /physiol or /PH 66; used with Category A, B & G 1966; A, B, D & G 1967-69; A, B & D 1970-74; A, B, D & F1-2 1975-86; A, B, D, F1-2, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+ & PUERPERIUM+ 1987-89; A, B, D8, D11-13, D24, F2 & G4-1 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PH or PH (SH) or SUBS APPLY PH Y08 G11 G14 B07 D06 D08 D11 D12 D13 D17 D24 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 G09 G10 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 NLM jls sjn M0030706 physiology C0031843 Used with organs, tissues, and cells of unicellular and multicellular organisms for normal function. It is used also with biochemical substances, endogenously produced, for their physiologic role. T039 Physiologic Function T061125 physiology PH PHYSIOL T061126 function Q000503 physiopathology 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for function of organs in disease states only; not a synonym for "disease"; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.56; DF: /physiopathology or /PP 66; used with Category A, C & F 1966-74; A, C & F3 1975-87; A, C, F3 & SMOKING 1988; A, C, F3 & SMOKING+ 1989; A1-10, A13-16, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PP or PP (SH) or SUBS APPLY PP Y08.050 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030707 physiopathology C0031847 Used with organs and diseases for disordered function in disease states. T169 Functional Concept T061127 physiopathology PP PHYSIOPATHOL T061128 dysfunction T061129 pathophysiology Q000506 poisoning 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for clinical & veterinary only; for human & animal experiments use /toxicity; see also /adverse effects & /toxicity; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.57; DF: /pois or /PO 66; used with Category D 1966-67; D & J 1968 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PO or PO (SH) or SUBS APPLY PO Y07.020.010 Y10.040 B06 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 J02 NLM jls sjn M0030708 poisoning C0032344 Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. T169 Functional Concept M0030708 M0030709 T061130 poisoning PO POIS M0030709 poisonous effects C0243147 T169 Functional Concept M0030708 M0030709 T061131 poisonous effects Q000517 prevention & control 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1996 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "preventive therapy"; includes vaccination; for prevention on epidemiologic or personal level; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.58; DF: /prev or /PC CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 66; used with Category C & F 1966-67; C, F & G 1968-74; C, F1, F3, G3 & I1 1975-89; C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PC or PC (SH) or SUBS APPLY PC Y11.040 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030715 prevention & control C0033107 Used with disease headings for increasing human or animal resistance against disease (e.g., immunization), for control of transmission agents, for prevention and control of environmental hazards, or for prevention and control of social factors leading to disease. It includes preventive measures in individual cases. T170 Intellectual Product M0030715 M0030716 M0030715 M0030717 T061137 prevention & control PC PREVENTION A PREV T061138 preventive measures T061139 preventive therapy T061140 prophylaxis M0030716 control C0243148 T169 Functional Concept M0030715 M0030716 T061141 control M0030717 prevention C0687732 T061 Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure M0030715 M0030717 T061142 prevention Q000523 psychology 1977 05 16 2003 07 24 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "psychiatric", "psychosomatic", "psychogenic", "emotional", "affective", "behavioral"; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.59; DF: /psychol or /PX 78; used with Category C, E1-6 & F3 1978-79; C, E1-6, F3 & M 1980-86; C, E1-6, F3, M, AGING, ALCOHOL DRINKING, CLIMACTERIC+, FOOD HABITS, PREGNANCY+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING 1988; C, E1-6, F3, M, AGING, ALCOHOL DRINKING, CLIMACTERIC+, FOOD HABITS, HOMOSEXUALITY, PREGNANCY+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING+ 1989; B2, C, E1-6, F3, I3 & M 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/PX or PX (SH) or SUBS APPLY PX Y37 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 E01 E02 E03 E04 E06 F03 I03 M01 CAB jls sjn M0030719 psychology C0033910 Used with non-psychiatric diseases, techniques, and named groups for psychologic, psychiatric, psychosomatic, psychosocial, behavioral, and emotional aspects, and with psychiatric disease for psychologic aspects; used also with animal terms for animal behavior and psychology. T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030720 M0030719 M0030721 M0030719 M0030724 M0030719 M0030726 M0030719 M0030727 M0030719 M0030725 M0030719 M0030723 M0030719 M0030722 T061144 psychology PX PSYCHOL M0030720 affective aspects C0243150 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030720 T061145 affective aspects M0030721 cognitive aspects C0243151 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030721 T061146 cognitive aspects M0030724 psychiatric aspects C0243154 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030724 T061149 psychiatric aspects M0030726 psychosocial aspects C0243156 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030726 T061151 psychosocial aspects M0030727 psychosomatic aspects C0243157 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030727 T061152 psychosomatic aspects M0030725 psychogenic aspects C0243155 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030725 T061150 psychogenic aspects M0030723 mental aspects C0243153 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030723 T061148 mental aspects M0030722 emotional aspects C0243152 T078 Idea or Concept M0030719 M0030722 T061147 emotional aspects Q000528 radiation effects 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes ionizing & non-ionizing radiation; not for therapeutic effect of radiations ( = /radiotherapy); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.60; DF: /rad eff or /RE 66; used with Category A, B & G 1966-67; A, B, D & G 1968-74; A, B, D, F1-2, G4-12 & J 1975-84; A, B1, B3-6, D, F1-2, G4-12 & J 1985 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/RE or RE (SH) or SUBS APPLY RE Y39 G10 G11 G14 J02 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 G09 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 NLM jls sjn M0030732 radiation effects C0034526 Used for effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation upon living organisms, organs and tissues, and their constituents, and upon physiologic processes. It includes the effect of irradiation on drugs and chemicals. T170 Intellectual Product T061157 radiation effects RE RAD EFF Q000530 radiography 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "x-ray diagnosis", "roentgenography"; not for radioisotope scanning ( = /radionuclide imaging); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.61; DF: /radiogr or /RA 67; used with Category A & C 1967, 1978-88; A, C & F 1968-74; A, C & F3 1975-77, 1989; A, B2, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/RA or RA (SH) or SUBS APPLY RA Y04.020 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030733 radiography C0034571 Used with organs, regions, and diseases for x-ray examinations. It does not include radionuclide imaging for which "radionuclide imaging" is used. T169 Functional Concept T061158 radiography RA RADIOGR T061159 roentgenography T061160 X-ray T061161 X-ray diagnosis T061162 X-ray image Q000531 radionuclide imaging 1977 05 16 2003 07 22 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "radioisotope scanning"; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.62; DF: /radionuclide or /RI 78; used with Category A & C 1978-88; A, C & F3 1989; A, B2, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/RI or RI (SH) or SUBS APPLY RI Y04.030 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 CAB jls sjn M0030734 radionuclide imaging C0034607 Used for radionuclide imaging of any anatomical structure, or for the diagnosis of disease. T170 Intellectual Product T061163 radionuclide imaging RI RADIONUCLIDE T061164 radioisotope scanning Q000532 radiotherapy 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes x-ray, radioisotope, other ionizing radiation & non-ionizing radiation; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.63; DF: /radiother or /RT 66; used with Category C & F 1966-74; C 1975 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/RT or RT (SH) or SUBS APPLY RT Y11.050 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 NLM jls sjn M0030735 radiotherapy C0034619 Used with disease headings for the therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation. It includes the use of radioisotope therapy. T170 Intellectual Product M0030735 M0030737 M0030735 M0030736 T061165 radiotherapy RT RADIOTHER T061166 radiation therapy M0030737 radioisotope therapy C0543487 T170 Intellectual Product M0030735 M0030737 T061168 radioisotope therapy M0030736 X-ray therapy C0220941 T170 Intellectual Product M0030735 M0030736 T061167 X-ray therapy Q000534 rehabilitation 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for restoration of patient to pre-disease or pre-therapy state; for "re-education" in French; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.64; DF: /rehabil or /RH 67; used with Category C & F 1967-74; C & F3 1975-79; C, E4 & F3 1980-89; C1-21, C23, E4 & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/RH or RH (SH) or SUBS APPLY RH Y11.060 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C23 E04 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030738 rehabilitation C0034992 Used with diseases and surgical procedures for restoration of function of the individual. T169 Functional Concept T061169 rehabilitation RH REHABIL Q000556 secondary 1979 05 24 2003 07 22 1980 01 01 2004 subhead only; for cancer only; use with organ/neopl precoords & with histol types; use with the secondary organ/neopl precoord & secondary histol type, but not for a primary cancer metastasizing to a secondary site ( = /pathology + NEOPLASM METASTASIS); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.65, 24.3.1; DF: /second or /SC 80; used with Category C4 1980 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/SC or SC (SH) or SUBS APPLY SC Y05.020.010 VDK ags sjn M0030758 secondary C0036525 Used with neoplasms to indicate the secondary location to which the neoplastic process has metastasized. T169 Functional Concept T061190 secondary SC SECOND T061191 metastatic Q000557 secretion 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1968 01 01 2004 subhead only; for the act or function of secreting: not for "secretions"; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.66; DF: /secret or /SE 68; used with Category A & D 1968-75; A, C4 & D 1976-89; A2-16, C4, D8-9, D11-12 & D24 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/SE or SE (SH) or SUBS APPLY SE Y08.060 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 C04 D06 D08 D11 D12 D13 D17 NLM jls sjn M0030759 secretion C0036536 Used for the discharge across the cell membrane, into the intracellular space or ducts, of endogenous substances resulting from the activity of intact cells of glands, tissues, or organs. T038 Biologic Function T061192 secretion SE SECRET Q000592 standards 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1968 01 01 2004 subhead only; for standards in testing & performance of programs & procedures; with drugs for standards in assay techniques, quality & potency; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.67; DF: /stand or /ST CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 68; used with Category D, E, H-J, L & N 1968; D-F, H-J, L & N 1969-74; D, E, F4, G1-3, H-J, L & N 1975-89; D, E, F4, G1-2, I2-3, J & N2 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/ST or ST (SH) or SUBS APPLY ST Y06.040 E06 E07 F04 G01 G02 I02 J01 J02 N02 N03 N04 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D25 D26 D27 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 NLM jls sjn M0030789 standards C0038137 Used with facilities, personnel, and program headings for the development, testing, and application of standards of adequacy or acceptable performance and with chemicals and drugs for standards of identification, quality, and potency. It includes health or safety standards in industries and occupations. T170 Intellectual Product M0030789 M0030791 M0030789 M0030790 T061227 standards ST STAND M0030791 criteria C0243161 T170 Intellectual Product M0030789 M0030791 T061229 criteria M0030790 guidelines C0220845 T170 Intellectual Product M0030789 M0030790 T061228 guidelines Q000600 supply & distribution 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1968 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "availability"; for personnel, services & facilities; for drugs; not for food ( = FOOD SUPPLY) nor for water ( = WATER SUPPLY); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.69; DF: /supply or /SD CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 68; used with Category D, E, L & N 1968-74; D, E, F4, H-J, L & N2-4 1975-87; D, E, F4, H-J, L & N 1988; D, E, F4, G1-3 & H-J 1989; D, E7, J & N2 1990 forward; M 1994 search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/SD or SD (SH) or SUBS APPLY SD Y06.050 Y09.020 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D25 D26 D27 E07 J02 NLM jls sjn M0030793 supply & distribution C0038849 Used for the quantitative availability and distribution of material, equipment, health services, personnel, and facilities. It excludes food supply and water supply in industries and occupations. T078 Idea or Concept M0030793 M0030795 M0030793 M0030794 T061231 supply & distribution SD SUPPLY M0030795 distribution C0520511 T078 Idea or Concept M0030793 M0030795 T061233 distribution M0030794 supply C0243163 T078 Idea or Concept M0030793 M0030794 T061232 supply Q000601 surgery 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "operation", "surgical therapy"; for tissue section or coagulation by laser; not for transplantation ( = /transplantation); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.70; DF: /surg or /SU 66; used with Category A, C & F 1966-74; A, C & F3 1975; A, B2, C & F3 1976-89; A1-10, A13-14, A16, B2, C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/SU or SU (SH) or SUBS APPLY SU Y11.070 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A07 A08 A09 A10 A13 A14 A17 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030796 surgery C0038895 Used for operative procedures on organs, regions, or tissues in the treatment of diseases, including tissue section by lasers. It excludes transplantation, for which "transplantation" is used. T169 Functional Concept M0030796 M0030797 M0030796 M0030798 M0030796 M0030799 M0030796 M0030800 T061234 surgery SU SURG T061237 invasive procedures T061236 operations T061235 operative procedures T061238 operative therapy M0030797 preoperative procedures C0220899 T169 Functional Concept M0030796 M0030797 T061239 preoperative procedures M0030798 intraoperative procedures C0243164 T169 Functional Concept M0030796 M0030798 T061240 intraoperative procedures M0030799 perioperative procedures C0243166 T169 Functional Concept M0030796 M0030799 T061241 perioperative procedures M0030800 peroperative procedures C0243167 T169 Functional Concept M0030796 M0030800 T061242 peroperative procedures Q000627 therapeutic use 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for treatment or preventive use of drugs or physical agents in clinical or experimental human or animal disease; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.71; DF: /ther use or /TU 66; used with Category D 1966; D & H 1967-89; D 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/TU or TU (SH) or SUBS APPLY TU Y10 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls sjn M0030820 therapeutic use C0039795 Used with drugs, biological preparations, and physical agents for their use in the prophylaxis and treatment of disease. It includes veterinary use. T061 Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure T061267 therapeutic use TU THER USE Q000628 therapy 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for general or unspecified therapy & multiple therapies; for tissue therapy & therapy with biological products; not for drug therapy ( =/drug therapy), nor for diet therapy ( = /diet therapy), nor for surgical therapy ( = /surgery), nor for radiotherapy ( = /radiotherapy), nor for rehabilitative therapy ( = /rehabilitation); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.72; DF: /ther or /TH 66; used with Category C & F 1966-74; C & F3 1975-87; C, F3 & SMOKING 1988; C, F3 & SMOKING+ 1989; C & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/TH or TH (SH) or SUBS APPLY TH Y11 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 F03 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 NLM jls sjn M0030821 therapy C0039798 Used with diseases for therapeutic interventions except drug therapy, diet therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, for which specific subheadings exist. The concept is also used for articles and books dealing with multiple therapies. T169 Functional Concept T061268 therapy TH THER T061270 disease management T061269 treatment Q000633 toxicity 1973 12 27 2003 10 06 1966 01 01 2004 2004A 2004B subhead only; for experimental human & animal studies; includes margin of safety & experimental exposure to environmental agents; see also /adverse effects & /poisoning; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.73; DF: /tox or /TO 66; used with Category D 1966-67; D & J 1968 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/TO or TO (SH) or SUBS APPLY TO Y07.020.020 J02 B06 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 NLM jls jls M0030825 toxicity C0040539 Used with drugs and chemicals for experimental human and animal studies of their ill effects. It includes studies to determine the margin of safety or the reactions accompanying administration at various dose levels. It is used also for exposure to environmental agents. Poisoning should be considered for life-threatening exposure to environmental agents. T081 Quantitative Concept M0030825 M0030826 M0030825 M0030827 T061274 toxicity TO TOX M0030826 margin of safety C0243168 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030825 M0030826 T061275 margin of safety M0030827 toxic potential C0243169 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030825 M0030827 T061276 toxic potential Q000635 transmission 1974 10 23 2003 07 22 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; for transmission & mechanism of transmission of disease from man to man, from man to animal, from animal to man or animal to animal; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.74; DF: /transm or /TM 75; used with Category C 1975-89; C1-3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/TM or TM (SH) or SUBS APPLY TM Y05.090 C01 C02 C03 C22 NLM jls sjn M0030829 transmission C0040722 Used with diseases for studies of the modes of transmission. T078 Idea or Concept T061278 transmission TM TRANSM Q000637 transplantation 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "grafts" & "grafting" from one site to another in the same subject, from one to another of same species, from one to another of a different species; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.75; DF: /transpl or /TR 66; used with Category A 1966-89; A2-11, A13-16 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/TR or TR (SH) or SUBS APPLY TR Y11.070.010 A02 A03 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 NLM jls sjn M0030830 transplantation C0040733 Used with organs, tissues, or cells for transplantation from one site to another within the same subject, or from one subject to another of the same species or different species. T169 Functional Concept M0030830 M0030831 T061279 transplantation TR TRANSPL M0030831 grafting C0542282 T169 Functional Concept M0030830 M0030831 T061280 grafting T061281 grafts Q000639 trends 1977 05 16 2003 07 25 1978 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "forecasting" & "futurology"; for a continuum from past to present, present to future; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.76; DF: /trends or /TD CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 78; used with Category F4, G1-3, I & N 1978-79; E, F4, G1-3, I & N 1980-86; E, F4, G1-3, I, L & N 1987; E, F4, G1-3, I, L, N & SMOKING 1988; E, F4, G1-3, I, L, N & SMOKING+ 1989; E, F4, G1-2, I2-3 & N2-4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/TD or TD (SH) or SUBS APPLY TD Y06.060 E01 E02 E03 E04 E06 E07 G01 G02 I02 I03 N02 N03 N04 CAB jls sjn M0030833 trends C0040833 Used for the manner in which a subject changes, qualitatively or quantitatively, with time, whether past, present, or future. It excludes discussions of the course of disease in particular patients. T079 Temporal Concept M0030833 M0030834 M0030833 M0030835 T061283 trends TD TRENDS M0030834 forecasting C0220831 T079 Temporal Concept M0030833 M0030834 T061284 forecasting M0030835 futurology C0220835 T079 Temporal Concept M0030833 M0030835 T061285 futurology Q000648 ultrastructure 1974 10 23 2003 07 22 1975 01 01 2004 subhead only; for normal or pathological subcellular structure; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.78; DF: /ultrastruct or /UL 75; used with Category A & B 1975; A, B & C4 1976-77; A1-11, A13-16, B & C4 1978-86; A1-11, A13-16, B, C4, CALCULI+, DNA+ & RNA+ 1987-88; A1-11, A13-16, B1, B3-6, C4, CALCULI+, NUCLEIC ACIDS+ & PROTEINS+ 1989; A2-11, A13-16, B1, B3-6 & C4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/UL or UL (SH) or SUBS APPLY UL Y02.020.020 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 C04 D08 D12 A02 A03 NLM jls sjn M0030844 ultrastructure C0041623 Used with tissues and cells (including neoplasms) and microorganisms for microanatomic structures, generally below the size visible by light microscopy. T078 Idea or Concept T061295 ultrastructure UL ULTRASTRUCT T061297 subcellular structure T061296 submicroscopic anatomy Q000652 urine 1973 12 27 2003 07 24 1967 01 01 2004 subhead only; for "in urine" or "urine in" animals or diseases; includes the presence of cells & endogenous & exogenous chemical substances; not for the presence of microbes or parasites in the urine in disease ( = /microbiology or /parasitology); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.79; DF: /urine or /UR 67; used with Category C, D & F 1967-74; B2, C, D & F3 1975-86; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+ & PUERPERIUM+ 1987; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING 1988; B2, C, D, F3, AGING, CLIMACTERIC+, INFANT, NEWBORN+, PREGNANCY+, PREGNANCY, ANIMAL+, PUBERTY+, PUERPERIUM+ & SMOKING+ 1989; B2, C, D1-24 & F3 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/UR or UR (SH) or SUBS APPLY UR Y01.040 Y08.040.070 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D27 F03 NLM jls sjn M0030848 urine C0042037 Used for the presence or analysis of substances in the urine, and also for the examination of, or changes in, the urine in disease. T169 Functional Concept M0030848 M0030849 M0030848 M0030850 T061301 urine UR URINE M0030849 urinary aspects C0243172 T169 Functional Concept M0030848 M0030849 T061302 urinary aspects M0030850 urinary levels C0243173 T169 Functional Concept M0030848 M0030850 T061303 urinary levels Q000656 utilization 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1968 01 01 2004 subhead only; not for "use" of procedures in treating or diagnosing patients; only for how much equipment, facilities, services & personnel are used, underused, overused or abused; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.80; DF: /util or /UT CATALOG: may be subdivided geographically 68; used with Category E, L & N 1968-74; E, G1-3, H-J, L & N 1975-89; E & N2-4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/UT or UT (SH) or SUBS APPLY UT Y06.070 Y09.030 E01 E02 E03 E04 E06 E07 N02 N04 NLM jls sjn M0030854 utilization C0042153 Used with equipment, facilities, programs, services, and health personnel for discussions, usually with data, of how much they are used. It includes discussions of overuse and underuse. T081 Quantitative Concept T061308 utilization UT UTIL T061309 use Q000662 veterinary 1973 12 27 2003 07 22 1966 01 01 2004 subhead only; for pets & domestic, wild & zoo animals in veterinary medicine; for laboratory animals only if of concern to the veterinarian, not as experimental animals; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.81; DF: /vet or /VE 66; used with Category C 1966; C & E 1967-74; C1-21, C23 & E 1975-86; C1-21, C23, E, DISEASE OUTBREAKS & DISEASE RESERVOIRS 1987-89; C1-21, C23 & E 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/VE or VE (SH) or SUBS APPLY VE Y41 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C23 E01 E03 E04 E06 E07 NLM jls sjn M0030860 veterinary C0042614 Used for naturally occurring diseases in animals, or for diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic procedures used in veterinary medicine. T080 Qualitative Concept T061316 veterinary VE VET Q000706 statistics & numerical data 1988 06 02 2003 07 24 1989 01 01 2004 subhead only; for statistics on non-disease headings only (statistics on diseases = /epidemiol); not for statistics on manpower ( = /manpower); not for "statistics on supply & demand" ( = /supply & distribution); indexing policy: Manual 19.8.68; DF: /statist or SN 89; used with Category E, F1-2, F4, G1-3 & H-N 1989; E, F4, G1-2, I, J, M & N2-4 1990 forward search policy: Online Manual; main heading/SN or SN (SH) or SUBS APPLY SN Y09 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 F04 G01 G02 I02 I03 J01 M01 N02 N03 N04 EC jls sjn M0030890 statistics & numerical data C0038209 Used with non-disease headings for the expression of numerical values which describe particular sets or groups of data. It excludes manpower distribution for which "manpower" is used and excludes supply or demand for which "supply & distribution" is used. T081 Quantitative Concept M0030890 M0030892 T061359 statistics & numerical data SN STATIST M0030892 numerical data C0243174 T081 Quantitative Concept M0030890 M0030892 T061361 numerical data Q000736 ultrasonography 1990 05 07 2003 07 24 1991 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "ultrasound", "ultrasonic diagnosis", "echography", "echotomography"; not for ultrasonic therapy ( = ULTRASONIC THERAPY); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.77; DF: /ultrasonogr or /US 91; used with Category A, C & F3 1991 forward search policy: Online Manual; use main heading/US or US (SH) or SUBS APPLY US Y04.040 C23 F03 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 TGC jls sjn M0030903 ultrasonography C0175676 Used with organs and regions for ultrasonic imaging and with diseases for ultrasonic diagnosis. Does not include ultrasonic therapy. T060 Diagnostic Procedure M0030903 M0030904 T061375 ultrasonography US ULTRASONOGR T061376 echography T061377 ultrasonic diagnosis T061378 echotomography M0030904 ultrasound C0220934 T169 Functional Concept M0030903 M0030904 T061379 ultrasound Q000737 chemistry 1990 08 29 2003 07 24 1991 01 01 2004 subhead only; includes "chemical structure", "chemical composition", "chemical properties" or "chemical characterization"; includes "chemical composition" or "chemical content" of organs & tissues, organisms & plants; not for chemical analysis or determination ( = /analysis) nor chemical synthesis or manufacture ( = /chemical synthesis) nor chemical isolation or purification ( = /isolation & purification); see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.15; DF: /chem or /CH 91; used with Category A2-16, C4 & D 1991; A2-16, B1, B3-6, C4 & D 1992 forward search policy: Online Manual; use main heading/CH or CH (SH) or SUBS APPLY CH Y03 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 C04 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 TGC jls sjn M0030905 chemistry C0079107 Used with chemicals, biological, and non-biological substances for their composition, structure, characterization, and properties; also used for the chemical composition or content of organs, tissue, tumors, body fluids, organisms, and plants. Excludes chemical analysis and determination of substances for which "analysis" is used; excludes synthesis for which "chemical synthesis" is used; excludes isolation and purification of substances for which "isolation & purification" is used. T185 Classification M0030905 M0030907 M0030905 M0030908 M0030905 M0030909 M0030905 M0030910 M0030905 M0030906 T061380 chemistry CH CHEM M0030907 chemical characterization C0243175 T185 Classification M0030905 M0030907 T061382 chemical characterization M0030908 chemical composition C0243176 T070 Natural Phenomenon or Process M0030905 M0030908 T061383 chemical composition M0030909 chemical content C0243177 T070 Natural Phenomenon or Process M0030905 M0030909 T061384 chemical content M0030910 chemical properties C0243178 T070 Natural Phenomenon or Process M0030905 M0030910 T061385 chemical properties M0030906 chemical structure C0220807 T170 Intellectual Product M0030905 M0030906 T061381 chemical structure Q000744 contraindications 1990 05 07 2003 07 22 1991 01 01 2004 subhead only; with substances or physical agents possibly rendering their use improper, undesirable, or inadvisable in the presence of existing conditions & with contraindicated procedures; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.19; DF: /contra or /CT 91; used with Category D1-7, D9-26, E1 & E3-4 1991; D & E 1992 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/CT or CT (SH) or SUBS APPLY CT Y07.050 Y10.030 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 E01 E03 E04 E06 E07 TGC jls sjn M0030912 contraindications C0079164 Used with drugs, chemicals, and biological and physical agents in any disease or physical state that might render their use improper, undesirable, or inadvisable. Used also with contraindicated diagnostic, therapeutic, prophylactic, anesthetic, surgical or other procedures. T080 Qualitative Concept T061387 contraindications CT CONTRA T061388 counterindications Q000819 agonists 1994 06 01 2003 07 22 1995 01 01 2004 subhead only; for exogenous & endogenous substances; do not confuse with /antagonists & inhibitors; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.4; DF: /agon or /AG 95; used with Category D 1995 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/AG or AG (SH) or SUBS APPLY AG Y03.010 Y07.030 D01 D02 D03 D04 D06 D07 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 TPW jls sjn M0030947 agonists C0243192 Used with chemicals, drugs, and endogenous substances to indicate substances or agents that have affinity for a receptor and intrinsic activity at that receptor. (From Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p.16) T121 Pharmacologic Substance T061435 agonists AG AGON Q000821 virology 1994 07 08 2003 07 24 1995 01 01 2004 subhead only; see also /microbiology (for bacteria, rickettsia & fungi) & /parasitology; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; indexing policy: Manual 19.8.82; DF: /virol or VI 95; used with Category A, B1-3, B6, C & F3 1995 forward search policy: Online Manual; use: main heading/VI or VI (SH) or SUBS APPLY VI Y05.070.010 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 B01 B02 B03 B05 B06 B07 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 E07 F03 J02 TGC jls sjn M0030948 virology C0205466 Used with organs, animals, and higher plants and with diseases for virologic studies. For bacteria, rickettsia, and fungi, "microbiology" is used; for parasites, "parasitology" is used. T169 Functional Concept T170 Intellectual Product M0030948 M0030949 T061436 virology VI VIROL M0030949 viruses C0521026 T169 Functional Concept M0030948 M0030949 T061437 viruses Q000941 ethics 2002 07 02 2003 01 01 2003 2004 subhead only; see MeSH scope note in Introduction; DF: /eth or /ES 2003 Y25 E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 G01 G02 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 G09 G10 G11 I02 I03 J01 N02 N03 N04 jls sjn M0421311 ethics Used with techniques and activities for discussion and analysis with respect to human and social values. T078 Idea or Concept M0421311 M0421312 T490705 ethics 2002 04 24 ES ETH M0421312 ethical aspects T078 Idea or Concept M0421311 M0421312 T490706 ethical aspects 2002 04 24