NEW (2011) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 8/9/2010) TOTAL 2011 NEW DESCRIPTORS = 573 MH - 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors UI - D058888 MN - D27.505.519.389.49 MS - Compounds that specifically inhibit STEROL 14-DEMETHYLASE. A variety of azole-derived ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS act through this mechanism. HN - 2011 MH - 22q11 Deletion Syndrome UI - D058165 MN - C5.660.207.103 MN - C14.240.400.21 MN - C14.280.400.44 MN - C15.604.451.249 MN - C16.131.77.19 MN - C16.131.240.400.21 MN - C16.131.260.19 MN - C16.131.482.249 MN - C16.131.621.207.103 MN - C16.320.180.19 MN - C19.642.482.500 MS - Condition with a variable constellation of phenotypes due to deletion polymorphisms at chromosome location 22q11. It encompasses several syndromes with overlapping abnormalities including the DIGEORGE SYNDROME, VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME, and CONOTRUNCAL AMOMALY FACE SYNDROME. In addition, variable developmental problems and schizoid features are also associated with this syndrome. (From BMC Med Genet. 2009 Feb 25;10:16) Not all deletions at 22q11 result in the 22q11deletion syndrome. HN - 2011 MH - 46, XX Disorders of Sex Development UI - D058489 MN - C12.706.316.64 MN - C13.351.875.253.64 MN - C16.131.939.316.64 MN - C19.391.119.64 MN - F3.800.399.500 MS - Congenital conditions in individuals with a female karyotype, in which the development of the gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. HN - 2011; for FEMALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM use DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT 2006-2010 MH - 46, XX Testicular Disorders of Sex Development UI - D058531 MN - C12.706.316.64.124 MN - C13.351.875.253.64.124 MN - C16.131.939.316.64.124 MN - C19.391.119.64.124 MS - Congenital conditions in individuals in which male GONADS develop in a genetic female (female to male sex reversal). HN - 2011 MH - 46, XY Disorders of Sex Development UI - D058490 MN - C12.706.316.96 MN - C13.351.875.253.96 MN - C16.131.939.316.96 MN - C19.391.119.96 MN - F3.800.399.750 MS - Congenital conditions in individuals with a male karyotype, in which the development of the gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. HN - 2011; for MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM use DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT 2006-2010 MH - 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors UI - D058891 MN - D27.505.519.389.74 MS - Drugs that inhibit 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. They are commonly used to reduce the production of DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE. HN - 2011 MH - 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein Inhibitors UI - D058946 MN - D27.505.519.389.86 MS - Compounds that bind to and inhibit the action of 5-LIPOXYGENASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS. HN - 2011 MH - 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins UI - D058927 MN - D12.644.360.24.32 MN - D12.776.476.24.34 MN - D12.776.543.19 MS - Scaffolding proteins that play an important role in the localization and activation of 5-LIPOXYGENASES. HN - 2011 MH - Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques UI - D058107 MN - E4.987.100 MS - Methods to repair breaks in abdominal tissues caused by trauma or to close surgical incisions during abdominal surgery. HN - 2011 MH - Aberrant Crypt Foci UI - D058739 MN - C4.834.20 MS - Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma. AN - coordinate IM with COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS or specifics (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Abiotrophia UI - D058835 MN - B3.510.550.30.14 MS - A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family AEROCOCCACEAE. There is only one species, Abiotrophia defectiva, in the genus. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011; use AEROCOCCACEAE 2010-2011 MH - Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle UI - D058606 MN - C23.300.190 MS - Extra impulse-conducting tissue in the heart that creates abnormal impulse-conducting connections between HEART ATRIA and HEART VENTRICLES. HN - 2011; for BUNDLE OF KENT use HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM 1986-2010 BX - Bundle of Kent MH - Achaete-Scute Complex Genome Region UI - D058145 MN - G5.360.340.24.380.124 MS - A genomic region found in DROSOPHILA. The region contains genes encoding BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that play a critical role in the regulation of pattern formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. HN - 2011 MH - Acute Kidney Injury UI - D058186 MN - C12.777.419.780.50 MN - C13.351.968.419.780.50 MS - Abrupt reduction in kidney function defined as an absolute increase in serum CREATININE of more than or equal to 0.3. mg/dl, a percentage increase in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 50%, or a reduction in urine output. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. AN - traumatic kidney injury: index KIDNEY/ inj HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists UI - D058907 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.100.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.100.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058916 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.100.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.100.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists UI - D058908 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.100.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.100.200 MS - Compounds that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058917 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.100.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.100.200 MS - Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists UI - D058909 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.100.300 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.100.300 MS - Drugs that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058918 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.100.300 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.100.300 MS - Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors UI - D058892 MN - D27.505.519.389.92 MS - Drugs that inhibit ADENOSINE DEAMINASE activity. HN - 2011 MH - Administration, Mucosal UI - D058956 MN - E2.319.267.85 MS - Delivery of a drug or other substance into the body through the epithelium lining of MUCOUS MEMBRANE involved with absorption and secretion. AN - NIM but only if discussed: do not index here routinely for every mucosal administration of a drug HN - 2011 BX - Mucosal Administration FX - Mucous Membrane MH - Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists UI - D058646 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.100.100.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.100.100.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058668 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.200.100.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.200.100.100 MS - Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists UI - D058647 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.100.100.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.100.100.200 MS - Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058669 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.200.100.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.200.100.200 MS - Drugs that bind to and block the activation ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists UI - D058665 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.100.200.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.100.200.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058671 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.200.200.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.200.200.100 MS - Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists UI - D058666 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.100.200.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.100.200.200 MS - Compounds bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058672 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.200.200.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.200.200.200 MS - Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists UI - D058667 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.100.200.300 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.100.200.300 MS - Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-3 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058673 MN - D27.505.519.625.50.200.200.300 MN - D27.505.696.577.50.200.200.300 MS - Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC BETA-3 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Aeromonas caviae UI - D057585 MN - B3.440.450.19.25.150 MN - B3.660.250.17.25.150 MS - A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that is found in domestic and wild animals including birds, and fish. In humans it causes GASTROENTERITIS in young children and some adults. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) and GASTROENTERITIS (IM) if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Agricultural Irrigation UI - D057914 MN - J1.40.44 MS - The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes. HN - 2011 MH - Aicardi Syndrome UI - D058540 MN - C10.500.106 MN - C11.270.19 MN - C16.131.162 MN - C16.131.666.106 MN - C16.320.290.19 MN - C16.320.322.30 MS - A rare genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of the CORPUS CALLOSUM, resulting in infantile spasms, MENTAL RETARDATION, and lesions of the RETINA or OPTIC NERVE. HN - 2011 MH - Airports UI - D059028 MN - J1.86.339.34 MN - N6.850.860.410.54 MS - Terminal facilities used for aircraft takeoff and landing and including facilities for handling passengers. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.) HN - 2011 BX - Airport MH - Airway Management UI - D058109 MN - E2.41 MS - Evaluation, planning, and use of a range of procedures and airway devices for the maintenance or restoration of a patient's ventilation. HN - 2011 FX - Respiratory Therapy MH - Amblycera UI - D058325 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.690.50 MS - A suborder of chewing lice, in the order PHTHIRAPTERA, that are ectoparasites of poultry and some mammals. AN - infestation: coordinate IM with LICE INFESTATIONS (IM); for killing Amblycera with insecticides, see note at INSECTICIDES HN - 2011; use PHTHIRAPTERA 1999-2010 MH - Amyloidogenic Proteins UI - D058227 MN - D12.776.49.407 MS - Proteins that form the core of amyloid fibrils. For example, the core of amyloid A is formed from amyloid A protein, also known as serum amyloid A protein or SAA protein. HN - 2011; use AMYLOID 2004-2010 MH - Anastomotic Leak UI - D057868 MN - C6.405.58 MN - C23.550.767.71 MS - Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of digestive system fluid from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of digestive system structures. Most common leakages are from breakdown of the sutured lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis. HN - 2011 FX - Anastomosis, Surgical MH - Androgen Receptor Antagonists UI - D059002 MN - D6.347.65.249 MN - D27.505.696.399.450.65.249 MS - Compounds that bind to and inhibit the activation of ANDROGEN RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers UI - D057912 MN - D27.505.519.162.750 MS - Agents that antagonize the ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 2 RECEPTOR. HN - 2011 MH - Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists UI - D057911 MN - D27.505.519.162 MS - Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS. Many drugs in this class specifically target the ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. HN - 2011 MH - Animal Fins UI - D058500 MN - A13.77 MS - Membranous appendage of fish and other aquatic organisms used for locomotion or balance. HN - 2011 MH - Anoxybacillus UI - D058677 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.108 MN - B3.510.100.100.108 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.108 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.108 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family Bacillaceae. Most species have been isolated from HOT SPRINGS. HN - 2011 MH - Anterior Capsular Rupture, Ocular UI - D057971 MN - C11.297.249 MS - A breach in the continuity of the ANTERIOR CHAMBER of the eyeball. HN - 2011 MH - Anterior Capsule of the Lens UI - D057866 MN - A9.371.61 MS - The anterior aspect of the casing that surrounds the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS. HN - 2011 MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived UI - D058846 MN - D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.75 MN - D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.75 MN - D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284 MS - Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats. AN - use when indicated in text; follow author's terminology HN - 2011 MH - Anticipation, Psychological UI - D059031 MN - F2.463.93 MS - The ability to foresee what is likely to happen on the basis of past experience. It is largely a frontal lobe function. HN - 2011 MH - Antipyretics UI - D058633 MN - D27.505.696.68 MS - Drugs that are used to reduce body temperature in fever. HN - 2011; use ANALGESICS, NON-NARCOTIC 1995-2010 MH - Antithrombin Proteins UI - D058833 MN - D12.644.822.750.60 MN - D12.644.861.60 MN - D12.776.645.750.60 MN - D12.776.872.60 MS - An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance. AN - ANTITHROMBINS is also available HN - 2011 MH - Apathy UI - D057565 MN - F1.470.137 MS - Lack of emotion or emotional expression; a disorder of motivation that persists over time. HN - 2011 MH - Aquatic Organisms UI - D059001 MN - B5.80 MN - G16.500.275.810.650.75 MS - Organisms that live in water. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specific organisms HN - 2011 FX - Marine Biology FX - Plankton MH - Argon Plasma Coagulation UI - D057908 MN - E2.520.425.500 MN - E2.520.490.500 MN - E4.14.170.402.54 MN - E4.350.500 MS - A method of tissue ablation and bleeding control that uses argon plasma (ionized argon gas) to deliver a current of thermocoagulating energy to the area of tissue to be coagulated. HN - 2011 MH - Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle UI - D058737 MN - E4.555.110.110.10 MN - E4.650.110.10 MS - Replacement of the ANKLE JOINT. HN - 2011 MH - Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow UI - D057929 MN - E4.555.110.110.45 MN - E4.650.110.45 MS - Replacement of the ELBOW JOINT. HN - 2011 MH - Arthropod Antennae UI - D057506 MN - A13.93 MS - Paired sense organs connected to the anterior segments of ARTHROPODS that help them navigate through the environment. HN - 2011 MH - Artificial Cells UI - D058045 MN - J1.637.51.479.258 MN - J1.637.87.500.254 MS - Chemically synthesized structures which functionally resemble natural cells. HN - 2011 FX - Blood Substitutes MH - Asymptomatic Diseases UI - D058070 MN - C23.550.291.187 MS - Diseases that do not exhibit symptoms. AN - ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS is also available HN - 2011 MH - Asymptomatic Infections UI - D058345 MN - C23.550.291.187.500 MS - Infections that do not exhibit symptoms. HN - 2011 BX - Subclinical Infections MH - Axial Length, Eye UI - D058452 MN - A9.371.199 MN - E1.370.600.115.100.660.500 MS - The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry. HN - 2011 MH - Bacterial Load UI - D058491 MN - E5.200.875.150.115 MN - E5.200.875.220.115 MN - G6.99.100 MS - Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment. HN - 2011; for BACTERIAL COUNT use COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL 1992-2010 BX - Bacterial Count MH - Bacterial Secretion Systems UI - D058947 MN - G6.99.112.104 MN - G6.590.110.104 MS - Processes that translocate macromolecules across the cell envelope of gram negative bacteria, often directly into the host. These effectors modulate the defense response and thereby facilitate survival of the pathogen. HN - 2011 MH - Balanced Anesthesia UI - D058126 MN - E3.155.197.682 MS - The use of several ANESTHETICS together in small amounts, as opposed to a larger amount of one drug, to induce loss of sensation and loss of consciousness. HN - 2011 FX - Adjuvants, Anesthesia MH - Biglycan UI - D058578 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.562 MS - A small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in a variety of tissues including CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; SKELETAL MUSCLE; CARTILAGE; BONE; and TENDONS. The protein contains two glycosaminoglycan chains and is similar in structure to DECORIN. HN - 2011 MH - Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis UI - D057919 MN - N6.850.460.350.80.500 MN - N6.850.780.375.349 MS - Testing for the amount of biodegradable organic material in a water sample by measuring the quantity of oxygen consumed by biodegradation of those materials over a specific time period. HN - 2011 BX - Biological Oxygen Demand BX - Biological Oxygen Demand Analyses MH - Biota UI - D058448 MN - G16.500.275.157.49.100 MN - N6.230.124.49.100 MS - The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope. HN - 2011; use BIODIVERSITY 2004-2010 BX - Community Composition, Ecological BX - Community Structure, Ecological FX - Microbial Interactions MH - Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome UI - D058249 MN - C4.700.212 MN - C16.320.700.212 MS - Autosomal dominant neoplastic syndrome characterised by genodermatosis, lung cysts, spontaneous and recurrent PNEUMOTHORAX; and RENAL CANCER. It is associated with mutations in the folliculin protein gene (FLCN protein). HN - 2011 BX - Fibrofolliculomas with Trichodiscomas and Acrochordons MH - Black Sea UI - D059038 MN - Z1.756.217 MS - An inland sea between Europe and Asia. It is connected with the Aegean Sea by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. HN - 2011 MH - Blalock-Taussig Procedure UI - D058366 MN - E4.35.137 MN - E4.100.814.868.374 MS - A cardiovascular procedure performed to create a blood supply to the PULMONARY CIRCULATION. It involves making a connection between the subclavian, or carotid branch of the AORTA, or the AORTIC ARCH to the PULMONARY ARTERY. HN - 2011 MH - Bleaching Agents UI - D057886 MN - D27.720.642.315 MS - Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments and thus effect whitening. HN - 2011 MH - Blood Buffy Coat UI - D058621 MN - A15.145.229.93 MS - The fraction of a blood sample, following CENTRIFUGATION, that is distinguished as a thin light-colored layer between the RED BLOOD CELLS, underneath it, and the PLASMA, above it. It is composed mostly of WHITE BLOOD CELLS and PLATELETS. HN - 2011 MH - Blood Safety UI - D058731 MN - E1.450.865.366.833.230.500 MN - E5.760.833.230.500 MN - N6.850.780.200.450.325 MS - The degree to which the blood supply for BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS is free of harmful substances or infectious agents, and properly typed and crossmatched (BLOOD GROUPING AND CROSSMATCHING) to insure serological compatibility between BLOOD DONORS and recipients. HN - 2011 BX - Hemovigilance MH - Bloodless Medical and Surgical Procedures UI - D057668 MN - E2.760.148 MN - E4.79 MN - N2.421.585.148 MS - The treatment of patients without the use of allogeneic BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS or blood products. HN - 2011 BX - Bloodless Medicine and Surgery Programs FX - Blood Substitutes FX - Operative Blood Salvage MH - Brachypodium UI - D058431 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.822.72 MS - A plant genus in the family POACEAE. Brachypodium distachyon is a model species for functional genomics studies. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Brain Waves UI - D058256 MN - E1.370.376.300.150 MN - E1.370.405.245.287 MN - G7.265.87 MN - G11.561.127 MS - Wave-like oscillations of electric potential between parts of the brain recorded by EEG. HN - 2011 MH - Brevibacillus UI - D058675 MN - B3.300.390.400.160 MN - B3.510.100.117 MN - B3.510.415.400.179 MN - B3.510.460.410.165 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS in the family Paenibacillaceae. Most strains have been isolated from the natural environment, particularly soils. HN - 2011 MH - Brevican UI - D058581 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.687.275 MN - D12.776.503.280.437.275 MS - A BRAIN-specific hyalectin that may play a role in terminally differentiating NEURONS. It is found highly overexpressed in primary BRAIN TUMORS and in experimental models of GLIOMA. HN - 2011 MH - Brochothrix UI - D058640 MN - B3.510.100.120 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.120 MS - A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family Listeriaceae. It has 93% homology to LISTERIA and shares with it many phenotypic properties. HN - 2011 MH - Bullying UI - D058445 MN - F1.145.126.125.550 MS - Aggressive behavior intended to cause harm or distress. The behavior may be physical or verbal. There is typically an imbalance of power, strength, or status between the target and the aggressor. HN - 2011 MH - Burkholderia cenocepacia UI - D057508 MN - B3.440.400.425.251.100.110.490 MN - B3.660.75.77.100.110.490 MS - A species of gram-negative bacteria that causes disease in plants. It is found commonly in the environment and is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BURKHOLDERIA INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Calcimimetic Agents UI - D057966 MN - D6.347.230 MN - D27.505.696.399.450.230 MS - Small organic molecules that act as allosteric activators of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the PARATHYROID GLANDS and other tissues. They lower the threshold for CaSR activation by extracellular calcium ions and diminish PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) release from parathyroid cells. HN - 2011 MH - Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein UI - D058286 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.11 MS - A receptor protein that is associated with RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEINS. When bound to RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 1 it forms the CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED RECEPTOR. When bound to RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 2 or RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 3 it forms the ADRENOMEDULLIN RECEPTOR. HN - 2011 BX - Calcitonin Receptor-Like Receptor MH - Cambium UI - D058506 MN - A18.24.875.875.500 MN - A18.400.500.299 MS - A layer of living cells between the bark and hardwood that each year produces additional wood and bark cells, forming concentric growth rings. HN - 2011 MH - Candidemia UI - D058387 MN - C1.539.757.360.150 MN - C1.703.160.175.150 MN - C1.703.360.150 MN - C23.550.470.790.500.360.150 MS - A form of invasive candidiasis where species of CANDIDA are present in the blood. HN - 2011 MH - Candidiasis, Invasive UI - D058365 MN - C1.703.160.175 MS - An important nosocomial fungal infection with species of the genus CANDIDA, most frequently CANDIDA ALBICANS. Invasive candidiasis occurs when candidiasis goes beyond a superficial infection and manifests as CANDIDEMIA, deep tissue infection, or disseminated disease with deep organ involvement. HN - 2011 MH - Capsule Opacification UI - D058442 MN - C11.510.245.500 MS - Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction. HN - 2011 MH - Carbon Cycle UI - D057486 MN - G2.607.750.120 MN - G2.842.750.270 MN - G16.500.240.118 MS - The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment. HN - 2011 MH - Carbon Footprint UI - D058572 MN - G16.500.275.66 MN - N6.230.63 MS - A measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions produced by an individual, organization, event, or product. It is measured in units of equivalent kilograms of CARBON DIOXIDE generated in a given time frame. HN - 2011 FX - Global Warming FX - Greenhouse Effect MH - Carbon Sequestration UI - D057965 MN - G2.842.750.270.500 MS - Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere. HN - 2011 MH - Cardiac Imaging Techniques UI - D057791 MN - E1.370.350.130 MS - Visualization of the heart structure and cardiac blood flow for diagnostic evaluation or to guide cardiac procedures via techniques including ENDOSCOPY (cardiac endoscopy, sometimes refered to as cardioscopy), RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; TOMOGRAPHY; or ULTRASONOGRAPHY. AN - cardioscopy: coordinate CARDIAC IMAGING TECHNIQUES with ENDOSCOPY HN - 2011 MH - Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy UI - D058406 MN - E2.342.124.500 MS - The restoration of the sequential order of contraction and relaxation of the HEART ATRIA and HEART VENTRICLES by atrio-biventricular pacing. HN - 2011 FX - Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices MH - Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices UI - D058409 MN - E7.305.250.750.500 MS - Types of artificial pacemakers with implantable leads to be placed at multiple intracardial sites. They are used to treat various cardiac conduction disturbances which interfere with the timing of contraction of the ventricles. They may or may not include defibrillating electrodes (IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATORS) as well. HN - 2011 FX - Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy MH - Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty UI - D058385 MN - E4.100.376.62 MN - E4.928.220.109 MS - A type of heart valve surgery that involves the repair, replacement, or reconstruction of the annuli of HEART VALVES. It includes shortening the circumference of the annulus to improve valve closing capacity and reinforcing the annulus as a step in more complex valve repairs. HN - 2011 MH - Catabolite Repression UI - D057465 MN - G6.590.235 MS - Process by which micro-organisms adapt quickly to a preferred rapidly-metabolizable intermediate through the inhibition or repression of genes related to CATABOLISM of less preferred source(s). HN - 2011 MH - Catastrophization UI - D058443 MN - F1.100.575 MN - F1.470.132.225 MS - Cognitive and emotional processes encompassing magnification of pain-related stimuli, feelings of helplessness, and a generally pessimistic orientation. HN - 2011 BX - Catastrophizing MH - Catheters UI - D057785 MN - E7.132 MS - A flexible, tubular device that is used to carry fluids into or from a blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity. HN - 2011 BX - Catheter MH - Cell Tracking UI - D058948 MN - E1.370.350.557.500 MN - E5.163 MN - E5.200.500.373 MS - Non-invasive imaging of cells that have been labeled non-destructively, such as with nanoemulsions or reporter genes that can be detected by molecular imaging, to monitor their location, viability, cell lineage expansion, response to drugs, movement, or other behaviors in vivo. HN - 2011 FX - Cell Movement MH - Cell-in-Cell Formation UI - D057686 MN - G4.299.345 MS - The mechanisms by which a cell becomes internalized in another. The host cell may engulf another as do PHAGOCYTIC CELLS, or the host cell may be invaded by another cell (ENTOSIS), or internalization processes may involve the cooperation of both the host cell and the cell being internalized. Viable cells may remain in non-phagocytic cells (EMPERIPOLESIS), undergo cell division, pass through and then out of the host cell (TRANSCELLULAR CELL MIGRATION), or trigger APOPTOSIS of the invaded cell. HN - 2011 MH - Cell-Penetrating Peptides UI - D057846 MN - D12.644.98 MS - Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway. HN - 2011 MH - Cercaria UI - D058487 MN - B5.500.500.150 MN - G7.700.320.500.550.500.500.150 MS - The free-swimming larval forms of parasites found in an intermediate host. AN - do not use / embryol with reference to cercaria HN - 2011 MH - Cerebral Ventriculitis UI - D058565 MN - C10.228.140.430.249 MN - C10.228.228.245.169 MS - Inflammation of CEREBRAL VENTRICLES. HN - 2011 FX - Hydrocephalus FX - Macrocephaly FX - Meningitis, Bacterial MH - Cerumenolytic Agents UI - D058113 MN - D27.720.877.383.500 MS - Compounds that disintegrate natural waxy exudates such as EAR WAX. HN - 2011 MH - CHARGE Syndrome UI - D058747 MN - C16.131.77.239 MN - C16.320.165 MS - Rare disease characterized by COLOBOMA; CHOANAL ATRESIA; and abnormal SEMICIRCULAR CANALS. Mutations in CHD7 protein resulting in disturbed neural crest development are associated with CHARGE Syndrome. HN - 2011 BX - CHARGE Association BX - Familial CHARGE Syndrome MH - Charophyceae UI - D057946 MN - B1.650.940.800.150 MS - A group (or class) of aquatic plants, including the streptophyte algae, that are the closest relatives to land plants (EMBRYOPHYTA). AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011; for CHAROPHYTES and STONEWORTS use CHARACEAE 2004-2010 BX - Charophytes MH - Chromosomal Puffs UI - D059045 MN - A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.270.500 MN - A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.580.500 MS - Regions along polytene chromosomes that are uncondensed and active in DNA REPLICATION or RNA transcription (GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION). HN - 2011 MH - Chromosome Duplication UI - D058674 MN - C23.550.210.182 MN - G5.355.600.164 MN - G5.365.590.175.183 MS - An aberration in which an extra chromosome or a chromosomal segment is made. HN - 2011 BX - Duplication, Chromosome FX - Gene Duplication FX - Segmental Duplications, Genomic MH - Chromosomes, Insect UI - D059006 MN - A11.284.187.440 MN - G5.360.162.440 MS - Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA. HN - 2011 MH - Circadian Clocks UI - D057906 MN - G7.180.562.94.500 MS - Biological mechanism that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Circadian clocks exist in the simplest form in cyanobacteria and as more complex systems in fungi, plants, and animals. In humans the system includes photoresponsive RETINAL GANGLION CELLS and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS that acts as the central oscillator. HN - 2011 FX - Circadian Rhythm MH - Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases UI - D058534 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100.100 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.200.100 MN - D12.776.476.162 MS - A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes with a specificity for 1-phosphatidylinositol, 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, and 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Members of this enzyme subclass are activated by cell surface receptors and occur as heterodimers of enzymatic and regulatory subunits. HN - 2011 BX - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Class I MH - Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase UI - D058543 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100.100.100 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.200.100.100 MN - D12.776.476.162.100 MS - A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes formed through the heterodimerization of a p110 catalytic and a p85, p55, or p50 regulatory subunit. This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS and G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. HN - 2011; for ALPHA-P85 SUBUNIT, PI-3K use PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASES 1998-2010 BX - Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases MH - Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase UI - D058544 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100.100.200 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.200.100.200 MN - D12.776.476.162.200 MS - A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes formed through the association of a p110gamma catalytic subunit and one of the three regulatory subunits of 84, 87, and 101 kDa in size. This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 BX - Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases MH - Class II Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases UI - D058541 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100.200 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.200.200 MN - D12.776.476.168 MS - A subclass of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases that have specificity for 1-phosphatidylinositol and 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Members of this subclass consist of a single subunit structure and are regulated by RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; CYTOKINE RECEPTORS; and INTEGRINS. HN - 2011 MH - Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases UI - D058546 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100.300 MN - D12.776.476.171 MN - D12.776.543.990.175 MS - A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes whose specificity is limited to 1-phosphatidylinositol. Members of this class play a role in vesicular transport and in the regulation of TOR KINASES. HN - 2011; for VPS34 PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE use PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASES 1998-2010 BX - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Class III MH - Click Chemistry UI - D057930 MN - E5.198 MN - E5.916.79 MN - J1.897.836.500 MS - Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries. HN - 2011 FX - Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques FX - Green Chemistry Technology MH - Clinical Coding UI - D059019 MN - N4.452.758.708.200.400.500 MN - N4.452.859.564.274 MN - N5.715.360.300.715.500.249 MN - N6.850.520.308.940.968.249 MS - Process of substituting a symbol or code for a term such as a diagnosis or procedure. (from Slee's Health Care Terms, 3d ed.) HN - 2011; for CODING use FORMS AND RECORDS CONTROL 1978-2010 MH - Closterium UI - D058119 MN - B1.650.940.800.150.200.150 MS - A genus of crescent-shaped algae in the family Closteriaceae, order DESMIDIALES. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29; do not confuse the genus Closterium with the species name closterium (e.g. Cylindrotheca closterium or Nitzschia closterium), which are DIATOMS HN - 2011 MH - Cognitive Reserve UI - D058245 MN - F2.463.188.331 MS - Capacity that enables an individual to cope with and/or recover from the impact of a neural injury or a psychotic episode. HN - 2011 MH - Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides UI - D057773 MN - D12.644.360.175 MN - D12.776.476.175 MS - Cellular proteins and peptides that are induced in response to cold stress. They are found in a broad variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. HN - 2011 FX - Heat-Shock Proteins MH - Cold-Shock Response UI - D058639 MN - G7.700.830.249 MS - A constellation of responses that occur when an organism is exposed to excessive cold. In humans, a fall in skin temperature triggers gasping, hypertension, and hyperventilation. HN - 2011 FX - Hypothermia MH - Composite Lymphoma UI - D058617 MN - C4.557.386.150 MN - C4.557.435.295 MN - C15.604.515.569.150 MN - C20.683.515.761.150 MS - Two or more distinct types of malignant lymphoid tumors occurring within a single organ or tissue at the same time. It may contain different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells or both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. AN - coordinate with specific types of lymphoma if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Compressed Air UI - D058868 MN - E7.161 MN - G16.500.275.63.150.500 MN - N6.230.300.100.150.592 MS - Air that is reduced in volume by pressure. HN - 2011 MH - Compression Bandages UI - D058128 MN - E7.101.400 MS - Strips of elastic material used to apply pressure to body parts to control EDEMA and aid circulation. HN - 2011 FX - Stockings, Compression MH - Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries UI - D057667 MN - C26.324.436 MS - The injuries caused by conducted energy weapons such as stun guns, shock batons, and cattle prods. HN - 2011 MH - Confederate States of America UI - D059009 MN - Z1.586.225 MS - The area of those states which seceded in 1861 from the union of the United States of America. They include South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee. HN - 2011 MH - Contactin 1 UI - D058967 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.250.325.100 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.250.100 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.250.100 MN - D12.776.543.550.200.250.325.100 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.250.100 MN - D23.50.301.350.250.325.100 MS - A contactin subtype that is predominantly expressed in the CEREBELLUM; HIPPOCAMPUS; NEOCORTEX; and HYPOTHALAMUS. HN - 2011 MH - Contactin 2 UI - D058969 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.250.325.200 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.250.200 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.250.200 MN - D12.776.543.550.200.250.325.200 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.250.200 MN - D23.50.301.350.250.325.200 MS - A contactin subtype that plays a role in axon outgrowth, axon fasciculation, and neuronal migration. HN - 2011 MH - Contactins UI - D058966 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.250.325 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.250 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.250 MN - D12.776.543.550.200.250.325 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.250 MN - D23.50.301.350.250.325 MS - A family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in NERVOUS SYSTEM patterning. HN - 2011 MH - Coral Reefs UI - D057894 MN - G16.500.275.157.130 MN - N6.230.124.130 MS - Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life. HN - 2011 FX - Anthozoa MH - Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome UI - D058686 MN - C14.280.647.250.647 MN - C14.907.585.250.647 MN - C23.550.767.115 MS - A complication of INTERNAL MAMMARY-CORONARY ARTERY ANASTOMOSIS whereby an occlusion or stenosis of the proximal SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY causes a reversal of the blood flow away from the CORONARY CIRCULATION, through the grafted INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY (internal thoracic artery), and back to the distal subclavian distribution. AN - do not confuse with SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME HN - 2011 FX - Subclavian Steal Syndrome MH - Coronavirus NL63, Human UI - D058957 MN - B4.820.504.540.150.215 MN - B4.909.777.500.540.150.215 MS - A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing upper and lower RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. It shares the receptor used by the SARS VIRUS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) and RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Counterfeit Drugs UI - D058110 MN - D26.99 MS - Drugs manufactured and sold with the intent to misrepresent its origin, authenticity, chemical composition, and or efficacy. Counterfeit drugs may contain inappropriate quantities of ingredients not listed on the label or package. In order to further deceive the consumer, the packaging, container, or labeling, may be inaccurate, incorrect, or fake. AN - entry term DRUG COUNTERFEITING: coordinate with FRAUD HN - 2011 MH - Ctenocephalides UI - D058251 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.750.200 MS - A genus of FLEAS in the family Pulicidae. It includes the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), one of the most common species on earth. AN - infestation: coordinate IM with FLEA INFESTATIONS (IM); for killing Ctenocephalides with insecticides, see note at INSECTICIDES HN - 2011 MH - Cysteine Loop Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptors UI - D058466 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.100 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.100 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.100 MN - D12.776.543.750.51 MS - A subfamily of ligand-gated ion channel receptors that share a characteristic loop which is formed by a disulfide bond between two CYSTEINE residues. These receptors typically contain five subunits with the cysteine-loop occurring near an N-terminal extracellular domain. HN - 2011 MH - Cystine-Knot Miniproteins UI - D057771 MN - D12.644.132 MN - D12.776.217 MS - A structurally-related family of small proteins that form a stable tertiary fold pattern which is supported by a series of disulfide bonds. The arrangement of disulfide bonds between the CYSTEINE moieties results in a knotted structure which is unique to this family of proteins. HN - 2011 MH - Cytophagocytosis UI - D057899 MN - G4.299.345.249 MN - G4.299.482.350.545 MN - G9.188.124.780.500 MN - G12.425.899.500 MN - G12.450.564.809.500 MS - The engulfment and degradation of cells by other cells. HN - 2011 MH - Datura metel UI - D058530 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.905.188.550 MS - A plant species and perennial herb of the genus DATURA, family SOLANACEAE, containing poisonous tropane ALKALOIDS. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Decorin UI - D058575 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.625 MS - A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that interacts with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and modifies the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Decorin has also been shown to play additional roles in the regulation of cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS. The protein contains a single glycosaminoglycan chain and is similar in structure to BIGLYCAN. HN - 2011 MH - Deltoid Muscle UI - D057645 MN - A2.633.567.300 MS - Thick triangular muscle in the SHOULDER whose function is to abduct, flex, and extend the arm. It is a common site of INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS. AN - / growth: coordinate with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; / embryol: coordinate with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis UI - D058645 MN - E5.196.401.402.117 MN - E5.301.300.319.201 MS - Electrophoresis in which various denaturant gradients are used to induce nucleic acids to melt at various stages resulting in separation of molecules based on small sequence differences including SNPs. The denaturants used include heat, formamide, and urea. HN - 2011 MH - Denitrification UI - D058440 MN - G2.842.750.643.500 MN - G16.100.277 MN - G16.500.240.250 MN - G16.500.240.465.249 MS - Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle. HN - 2011 FX - Nitrogen Cycle MH - Dent Disease UI - D057973 MN - C12.777.419.815.364 MN - C13.351.968.419.815.364 MN - C16.320.322.100 MN - C16.320.565.861.271 MN - C18.452.648.861.271 MS - X-linked recessive NEPHROLITHIASIS characterized by HYPERCALCIURIA; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; and PROTEINURIA. It is associated with mutations in the voltage-gated chloride channel, CLC-5 (Dent Disease I). Another group of mutations associated with this disease is in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-5-phosphatase gene. HN - 2011 BX - Dent's Disease FX - Bartter Syndrome FX - Fanconi Syndrome FX - Gitelman Syndrome FX - Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome MH - Dental Restoration Repair UI - D058250 MN - E6.323.428.187 MN - E6.780.345.737.112 MN - E7.695.190.190.250 MS - The process of repairing broken or worn parts of a PERMANENT DENTAL RESTORATION. HN - 2011 MH - Desmidiales UI - D058114 MN - B1.650.940.800.150.200 MS - An order of mostly unicellular, microscopic, freshwater algae that have highly symmetrical and varied shapes. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor UI - D058405 MN - C4.557.450.795.315 MS - A rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is most commonly found in the abdomen. AN - coordinate IM with precoordinated organ/neoplasm term (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Diabetic Cardiomyopathies UI - D058065 MN - C14.280.238.235 MN - C19.246.99.625 MS - Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance. AN - coordinate IM with specific heart disease (IM) + specific type of diabetes mellitus (IM) if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Diagnostic Self Evaluation UI - D059026 MN - E1.370.360 MN - F1.752.747.792.850 AN - do not confuse with SELF-ASSESSMENT, a psychological concept HN - 2011 BX - Self-Evaluation MH - Dielectric Spectroscopy UI - D058266 MN - E5.196.867.335 MS - A technique of measuring the dielectric properties of materials, which vary over a range of frequencies depending on the physical properties of the material. The technique involves measuring, over a range of frequencies, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE and phase shift of an electric field as it passes through the material. HN - 2011 MH - Digital Dermatitis UI - D058066 MN - C1.252.825.180 MN - C1.539.800.720.180 MN - C17.800.838.765.180 MN - C22.214 MS - Highly contagious infectious dermatitis with lesions near the interdigital spaces usually in cattle. It causes discomfort and often severe lameness (LAMENESS, ANIMAL). Lesions can be either erosive or proliferative and wart-like with papillary growths and hypertrophied hairs. DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS and TREPONEMA are the most commonly associated causative agents for this mixed bacterial infection disease. AN - infection = TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS or its specifics but consider also DIGITAL DERMATITIS; Treponema hyodysenteriae = BRACHYSPIRA HYODYSENTERIAE, Treponema innocens = BRACHYSPIRA HN - 2011 BX - Bovine Digital Dermatitis FX - Dichelobacter nodosus FX - Foot Rot FX - Treponema MH - DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic UI - D058893 MN - E5.393.542.249 MN - E5.393.760.700.149 MS - Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode". HN - 2011 MH - DNA Contamination UI - D059018 MN - E1.450.865.293 MN - E5.393.290.573 MN - E5.393.760.700.224 MN - I1.198.780.937.375.500 MS - The presence of DNA from a source foreign to the sample being analysed. HN - 2011 FX - Forensic Medicine MH - Double-Balloon Enteroscopy UI - D058582 MN - E1.370.388.250.250.250.180 MN - E4.800.250.250.250.180 MS - Endoscopy of the small intestines accomplished while advancing the endoscope into the intestines from the stomach by alternating the inflation of two balloons, one on an innertube of the endoscope and the other on an overtube. HN - 2011 MH - Doulas UI - D059037 MN - M1.526.244 MS - Trained lay women who provide emotional support during obstetric labor and the postpartum period for mothers and their partners. HN - 2011 MH - Drug Repositioning UI - D058492 MN - E2.319.307.124 MN - N2.421.668.778.500.124 MS - The deliberate and methodical practice of finding new applications for existing drugs. AN - do not confuse with OFF-LABEL USE HN - 2011 FX - Off-Label Use MH - Drug Substitution UI - D057915 MN - E2.319.307.312 MN - N2.421.668.778.500.312 MS - The practice of replacing one prescribed drug with another that is expected to have the same clinical or pyschological effect. HN - 2011 MH - Drug-Seeking Behavior UI - D058999 MN - F1.145.342 MS - Activities performed to obtain licit or illicit substances. HN - 2011 MH - Dry Powder Inhalers UI - D058995 MN - E7.605.249 MS - A device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. HN - 2011 MH - Echogenic Bowel UI - D058535 MN - C13.703.277.50 MN - C16.300.50 MS - A PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY finding of excessively dense fetal bowel due to MECONIUM buildup. HN - 2011 BX - Hyperechogenic Bowel MH - El Nino-Southern Oscillation UI - D059000 MN - G16.500.275.71.387 MS - El Nino-Southern Oscillation or ENSO is a cycle of extreme alternating warm El Niño and cold La Nina events which is the dominant year-to-year climate pattern on Earth. Both terms refer to large-scale changes in sea-surface temperature across the eastern tropical Pacific. ENSO is associated with a heightened risk of certain vector-borne diseases. (From http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/lanina_new_faq.html, accessed 5/12/2020) HN - 2011 BX - El Nino BX - La Nina MH - Elbow Prosthesis UI - D058569 MN - E7.695.400.300 MS - Replacement for an elbow joint. HN - 2011 MH - Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena UI - D058620 MN - G7.610.315 MS - Nutritional physiology of adults aged 65 years of age and older. HN - 2011 MH - Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization UI - D058407 MN - E1.370.376.300.437 MN - E1.370.405.245.575 MN - G7.265.337.200 MS - Adjustment of BRAIN WAVES from two or more neuronal groups within or across a brain structure (e.g., cortical and limbic brain structures) to become uniform in EEG oscillation patterns in response to a stimulus. It is interpreted as a brain integration sign during many processes such as learning, memory, and perception and involves reciprocal neural connections. HN - 2011 BX - EEG Phase Desynchronization BX - EEG Phase Synchronization BX - Electroencephalography Phase Desynchronization BX - Phase Desynchronization, EEG BX - Phase Synchronization, EEG FX - Evoked Potentials MH - Electronic Supplementary Materials UI - D058537 MN - V1.255 MS - Supporting content or information, such as animation, datasets, multimedia files, video, movies, audio files, text files, or software, which is submitted for publication in an online journal or an online edition of a journal. This information may be referenced in the text of the article with a link to the supplementary data provided. CATALOG: do not use AN - not used for indexing or cataloging HN - 2011 BX - Electronic Supplementary Material BX - Supplementary Material MH - Electronic Waste UI - D059029 MN - N6.850.460.710.189 MS - Discarded electronic devices containing valuable and sometimes hazardous materials such as LEAD, NICKEL, CADMIUM, and MERCURY. (from http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/faq.htm#impact accessed 4/25/2010) HN - 2011 MH - Electrowetting UI - D058874 MN - E5.830.666.500 MS - Reducing the SURFACE TENSION at a liquid/solid interface by the application of an electric current across the interface thereby enhancing the WETTABILITY of the surface. AN - for electrowetting agents coordinate with WETTING AGENTS HN - 2011 FX - Wettability MH - Embolic Protection Devices UI - D057505 MN - E7.695.207 MS - Vascular filters or occlusive devices that provide mechanical protection of the distal end organ from blood clots or EMBOLISM-causing debri dislodged during ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES. HN - 2011 MH - Embryoid Bodies UI - D058732 MN - A11.872.190.260 MS - Spontaneous aggregations of human embryonic stem cells that occur in vitro after culturing in a medium that lacks LEUKEMIC INHIBITORY FACTOR. The embryoid bodies can further differentiate into cells that represent different lineages. HN - 2011 MH - Emmetropia UI - D058453 MN - E1.370.380.850.950.750 MN - F2.463.593.932.901.750 MN - G14.940.750 MS - The condition of where images are correctly brought to a focus on the retina. HN - 2011 MH - Emperipolesis UI - D057687 MN - G4.299.345.500 MS - The movement of one cell within another cell (non-phagocytic). HN - 2011 MH - End Stage Liver Disease UI - D058625 MN - C6.552.308.500.177 MS - Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed. AN - For "Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD)" and related "Pediatric End Stage Liver Disease Model (PELD)" coordinate with SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX and probably LIVER TRANSPLANTATION HN - 2011 MH - Endoleak UI - D057867 MN - C14.907.55.501 MN - C23.550.414.941.500 MN - C23.550.767.850.500 MS - Postoperative hemorrhage from an endovascular AORTIC ANEURYSM repaired with endoluminal placement of stent grafts (BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION). It is associated with pressurization, expansion, and eventual rupture of the aneurysm. HN - 2011 FX - Capillary Leak Syndrome MH - Endophenotypes UI - D058068 MN - G5.695.224 MS - Measurable biological (physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features), behavioral (psychometric pattern) or cognitive markers that are found more often in individuals with a disease than in the general population. Because many endophenotypes are present before the disease onset and in individuals with heritable risk for disease such as unaffected family members, they can be used to help diagnose and search for causative genes. HN - 2011 FX - Biological Markers MH - Endotamponade UI - D058450 MN - E2.393 MN - E2.520.392 MN - E4.540.342 MS - A method of stopping internal bleeding or blood flow, or the closure of a wound or body cavity, achieved by applying pressure or introducing an absorbent liquid, gel, or tampon. HN - 2011 MH - Endovascular Procedures UI - D057510 MN - E4.100.814.529 MN - E4.800.382 MS - Minimally invasive procedures, diagnostic or therapeutic, performed within the BLOOD VESSELS. They may be perfomed via ANGIOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; or INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY. HN - 2011 MH - Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma UI - D058527 MN - C4.557.386.480.750.99 MN - C15.604.515.569.480.750.399 MN - C20.683.515.761.480.750.199 MS - A primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract, most often in the jejunum, associated with a history of CELIAC DISEASE or other gastrointestinal diseases. HN - 2011 FX - Celiac Disease MH - Entosis UI - D057691 MN - G4.299.345.750 MS - The processes by which one cell actively invades and becomes internalized within another cell. HN - 2011 MH - Environmental Policy UI - D058735 MN - I1.655.500.608.180 MN - I1.880.604.825.608.180 MN - N3.623.500.608.180 MN - N6.230.204 MS - A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources. HN - 2011; use ENVIRONMENT 1996-2010 MH - Enzyme Therapy UI - D057487 MN - E2.319.353 MS - The use of enzymes to correct metabolic and physiological processes. AN - coordinate with specific enzyme/ther use; ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY is also available. HN - 2011 MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay UI - D058501 MN - E1.450.495.410.350.200.500 MN - E1.450.495.410.380.200.500 MN - E1.450.495.435.400.170.500 MN - E5.200.500.508 MN - E5.478.594.410.350.170.500 MN - E5.478.594.410.380.360.500 MN - E5.478.594.430.400.170.500 MN - E5.601.495.350.170.500 MN - E5.601.495.380.360.500 MS - A method of detection of the number of cells in a sample secreting a specific molecule. Wtih this method a population of cells are plated over top of the immunosorbent substrate that captures the secreted molecules. HN - 2011 MH - Eosinophilic Esophagitis UI - D057765 MN - C6.405.117.620.209 MN - C6.405.205.663.209 MN - C15.378.553.231.341 MN - C20.543.480.356 MS - Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens. HN - 2011 MH - Epidemics UI - D058872 MN - N6.850.290.200 MS - Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations. AN - coordinate IM with specific disease / epidemiol (IM) & specify geographic location if pertinent; differentiate from DISEASE OUTBREAKS, follow terminology in text HN - 2011; use DISEASE OUTBREAKS 1968-2010 MH - Epigenomics UI - D057890 MN - H1.158.273.180.350.74 MN - H1.158.273.343.350.42 MS - The systematic study of the global gene expression changes due to EPIGENETIC PROCESSES and not due to DNA base sequence changes. HN - 2011 MH - Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition UI - D058750 MN - G4.299.335.500 MN - G7.700.320.500.325.180.781 MN - G8.686.785.760.170.104.812 MS - Phenotypic changes of EPITHELIAL CELLS to MESENCHYME type, which increase cell mobility critical in many developmental processes such as NEURAL TUBE development. NEOPLASM METASTASIS and DISEASE PROGRESSION may also induce this transition. AN - epithelial-mesenchymal transition may occur in the progression of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases HN - 2011 MH - Examination Tables UI - D058637 MN - E7.325.409 MS - A raised flat surface on which a patient is placed during a PHYSICAL EXAMINATION. HN - 2011 MH - Exsanguination UI - D058734 MN - C23.550.414.734 MS - Rapid and extreme blood loss leading to HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. HN - 2011 MH - Eye Pain UI - D058447 MN - C11.300.500 MN - C23.888.307.625 MN - C23.888.646.407 MS - A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes. HN - 2011 MH - Femoracetabular Impingement UI - D057925 MN - C5.550.384 MN - C23.550.347 MS - A pathologic mechanical process that can lead to hip failure. It is caused by abnormalities of the ACETABULUM and/or femur combined with rigorous hip motion, leading to repetitive collisions that damage the soft tissue structures. HN - 2011 MH - Fibric Acids UI - D058607 MN - D2.241.81.160.700.500 MN - D2.355.726.305 MN - D2.755.654.305 MS - Compounds that either share the structure of fibric acid in their molecular arrangement or are considered variants of the fibric acid structure. HN - 2011; for FIBRATES use CLOFIBRIC ACID 1991-2010 BX - Fibrates MH - Fiducial Markers UI - D057918 MN - E5.978.808.249 MN - E7.695.237 MN - E7.710.259 MS - Materials used as reference points on or implanted in the body to position patients for radiotherapy. HN - 2011 MH - Flea Infestations UI - D058267 MN - C3.858.211.250 MS - Parasitic attack by members of the order SIPHONAPTERA. AN - coordinate IM with specific flea (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Folate Receptor 1 UI - D058975 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.299.500.500 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.370.500 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.370.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.370.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.224.500.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.52.500 MN - D23.50.285.384 MS - A subtype of GPI-anchored folate receptors that is expressed in tissues of epithelial origin. This protein is also identified as an ovarian-tumor-specific antigen. HN - 2011 MH - Folate Receptor 2 UI - D058976 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.299.500.750 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.370.750 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.370.750 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.370.750 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.224.500.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.52.750 MS - A subtype of GPI-anchored folate receptors that is expressed in PLACENTA and hematopoietic cells. HN - 2011 MH - Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored UI - D058973 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.299.500 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.370 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.370 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.370 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.224.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.52 MS - Cell surface receptors that bind to and transport FOLIC ACID, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and a variety of folic acid derivatives. The receptors are essential for normal NEURAL TUBE development and transport folic acid via receptor-mediated endocytosis. HN - 2011 MH - Folic Acid Transporters UI - D058972 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.299 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.224 MS - Proteins involved in the transport of FOLIC ACID and folate derivatives across the CELLULAR MEMBRANE. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2011 MH - Food Safety UI - D059022 MN - N6.850.617 MS - Activities involved in ensuring the safety of FOOD including avoidance of bacterial and other contamination. HN - 2011 MH - Food, Organic UI - D058870 MN - J2.500.519 MS - Food that is grown or manufactured in accordance with nationally regulated production standards that include restrictions on the use of pesticides, non-organic fertilizers, genetic engineering, growth hormones, irradiation, antibiotics, and non-organic ingredients. AN - HEALTH FOOD is also available HN - 2011; use HEALTH FOOD (1996-2010) BX - Organic Food FX - Health Food FX - Organic Agriculture MH - For-Profit Insurance Plans UI - D059033 MN - N3.219.521.576.343.144 MS - Health insurance plans that are intended to be for profit. AN - specify geographic term if possible HN - 2011 MH - Fraser Syndrome UI - D058497 MN - C11.250.390 MN - C16.131.77.371 MN - C16.131.384.442 MS - Rare autosomal recessive congenital malformation syndrome characterized by cryptophthalmos, SYNDACTYLY and UROGENITAL ABNORMALITIES. Other anomalies of bone, ear, lung, and nose are common. Mutations on FRAS1 and FREM2 are associated with the syndrome. AN - do not confuse with FRASIER SYNDROME HN - 2011 FX - Frasier Syndrome MH - Free Tissue Flaps UI - D058752 MN - A10.850.710.500 MN - E7.862.710.500 MS - A mass of tissue that has been cut away from its surrounding areas to be used in TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION. HN - 2011 BX - Free Flaps MH - GABA Uptake Inhibitors UI - D058805 MN - D27.505.519.625.240.750 MN - D27.505.519.625.600.535 MN - D27.505.696.577.240.750 MN - D27.505.696.577.600.535 MS - Compounds that suppress or block the plasma membrane transport of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID by GABA PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS. HN - 2011 MH - GABA-A Receptor Agonists UI - D058785 MN - D27.505.519.625.240.200.500 MN - D27.505.696.577.240.200.500 MS - Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GABA-A RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - GABA-A Receptor Antagonists UI - D058787 MN - D27.505.519.625.240.300.500 MN - D27.505.696.577.240.300.500 MS - Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA-A RECEPTORS thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous GABA-A RECEPTOR AGONISTS. HN - 2011 MH - GABA-B Receptor Agonists UI - D058786 MN - D27.505.519.625.240.200.750 MN - D27.505.696.577.240.200.750 MS - Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GABA-B RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - GABA-B Receptor Antagonists UI - D058788 MN - D27.505.519.625.240.300.750 MN - D27.505.696.577.240.300.750 MS - Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA-B RECEPTORS thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous GABA-B RECEPTOR AGONISTS. HN - 2011 MH - Gemella UI - D058834 MN - B3.510.100.310 MS - A genus that has been reclassified into BACILLALES incertae sedis because of its ambiguous taxonomy. Previously it was considered part of the Staphylococcaceae family. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011; use STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE 2003-2010 MH - General Practice UI - D058006 MN - H2.403.340 MS - Patient-based medical care provided across age and gender or specialty boundaries. HN - 2011; 1963-1977; use FAMILY PRACTICE 1978-2010 FX - General Practitioners MH - General Practitioners UI - D058005 MN - M1.526.485.810.485 MN - N2.360.810.485 MS - Physicians whose practice is not restricted to a specific field of MEDICINE. HN - 2011 MH - Genetic Pleiotropy UI - D058685 MN - G5.420.556 MN - G5.695.550 MS - A phenomenon in which multiple and diverse phenotypic outcomes are influenced by a single gene (or single gene product.) AN - may appear in the literature spelled pleiotrophic, pleiotrophy or pleiotrophism HN - 2011 MH - Gestational Sac UI - D058746 MN - A16.535 MS - Round-shaped structure usually located in the upper fundus of the UTERUS in early pregnancy. It comprises EMBRYO; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and YOLK SAC. It is visible in PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY by the fifth week of pregnancy. Its size is often used to determine and monitor GESTATIONAL AGE; FETAL GROWTH; and PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS. HN - 2011 MH - Glaucophyta UI - D058108 MN - B1.650.232 MS - A phylum or class of freshwater microscopic EUKARYOTA considered to be plants or MICROALGAE. Their CHLOROPLASTS (called cyanelles) are believed to be derived from the direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Gnathostomiasis UI - D058429 MN - C3.335.508.700.750.380 MS - Infections with nematodes of the genus GNATHOSTOMA, superfamily THELAZIOIDEA. Gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis caused by eating undercooked or raw fish or meat. HN - 2011 BX - Gnathostoma Infection MH - gp100 Melanoma Antigen UI - D058951 MN - D12.776.543.306 MN - D12.776.624.301.500 MN - D23.50.285.439.500 MS - A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME. HN - 2011 MH - GPI-Linked Proteins UI - D058851 MN - D12.776.395.550.448 MN - D12.776.543.484.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.418 MS - A subclass of lipid-linked proteins that contain a GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL LINKAGE which holds them to the CELL MEMBRANE. HN - 2011 MH - Granulomatous Mastitis UI - D058890 MN - C13.703.844.603.400 MN - C17.800.90.968.400 MS - A rare, benign, inflammatory breast disease occurring in premenopausal women shortly after a recent pregnancy. The origin is unknown but it is commonly mistaken for malignancy and sometimes associated with BREAST FEEDING and the use of ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. HN - 2011 MH - Gross Domestic Product UI - D059066 MN - I1.261.587 MS - Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year. HN - 2011 MH - Gynecological Examination UI - D058869 MN - E1.370.600.293 MS - Inspection and PALPATATION of female breasts, abdomen, and GENITALIA, as well as obtaining a gynecological history. (from Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology) HN - 2011 MH - Hair Bleaching Agents UI - D058206 MN - D27.720.269.430.214 MN - D27.720.642.315.249 MS - Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments in HAIR. HN - 2011 MH - Halobacillus UI - D058678 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.600 MN - B3.510.100.100.425 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.425 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.425 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family BACILLACEAE. Species are widely distributed in a variety of hypersaline environments. HN - 2011 MH - Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy UI - D058733 MN - E1.370.388.250.520.500 MN - E4.800.250.520.580 MS - Placement of one of the surgeon's gloved hands into the ABDOMINAL CAVITY to perform manual manipulations that facilitate the laparoscopic procedures. HN - 2011 MH - Haploinsufficiency UI - D057895 MN - G5.365.590.29.530.587 MN - G5.380.350.500 MS - A copy number variation that results in reduced GENE DOSAGE due to any loss-of-function mutation. The loss of heterozygosity is associated with abnormal phenotypes or diseased states because the remaining gene is insufficient. HN - 2011 MH - Haptophyta UI - D058087 MN - B1.400 MS - A group (or phylum) of unicellular EUKARYOTA (or algae) possessing CHLOROPLASTS and FLAGELLA. HN - 2011 MH - Health Communication UI - D058015 MN - L1.143.350 MN - N2.208 MS - The transfer of information from experts in the medical and public health fields to patients and the public. The study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health. HN - 2011 MH - Health Facility Administration UI - D058016 MN - N2.278.216 MN - N4.452.418 MS - Management of the organization of HEALTH FACILITIES. HN - 2011 MH - HEK293 Cells UI - D057809 MN - A11.251.210.172.750 MN - A11.436.334 MS - A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were tranformed with human adenovirus type 5. AN - almost always NIM with no qualifiers; check the tag HUMAN; do not routinely add KIDNEY or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN HN - 2011 MH - Hemizygote UI - D057898 MN - G5.380.371 MS - An individual having only one allele at a given locus because of the loss of the other allele through a mutation (e.g., CHROMOSOME DELETION). HN - 2011 FX - Loss of Heterozygosity MH - Hermaphroditic Organisms UI - D057850 MN - B5.275 MS - Animals and plants which have, as their normal mode of reproduction, both male and female sex organs in the same individual. AN - natural sex reversal processes are indexed SEX DETERMINATION PROCESSES HN - 2011 MH - High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing UI - D059014 MN - E5.393.760.319 MS - Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc. AN - coordinate with SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA or SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, RNA HN - 2011 MH - Horticultural Therapy UI - D058611 MN - E2.190.438 MN - F4.754.392 MS - A therapeutic approach in which horticultural artefacts are utilized in improving an individual's social, emotional, educational, psychological, and physical well-being. HN - 2011 MH - Host Specificity UI - D058507 MN - G6.590.470.380 MN - G16.100.380.380 MN - G16.100.380.400.400 MS - The properties of a pathogen that makes it capable of infecting one or more specific hosts. The pathogen can include PARASITES as well as VIRUSES; BACTERIA; FUNGI; or PLANTS. HN - 2011 MH - Host-Derived Cellular Factors UI - D058605 MN - D23.297 MS - A broad category of endogenous cellular factors that are used by VIRUSES for essential functions such as VIRUS REPLICATION. Many host-derived factors play normal cellular roles in non-infected cells. AN - coordinate with specific factor; do not confuse with INTEGRATION HOST FACTORS HN - 2011 MH - Human papillomavirus 31 UI - D058952 MN - B4.280.535.50.631 MS - A type of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS associated with high risk for anogenital neoplasms. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Humeral Head UI - D058430 MN - A2.835.232.87.90.400.400 MS - The portion of the upper rounded extremity fitting into the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA. (from Stedman, 27th ed) HN - 2011 MH - Hyalectins UI - D058579 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.687 MN - D12.776.503.280.437 MS - A group of high molecular weight chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that form aggregates with HYALURONIC ACID. HN - 2011 MH - Hyalinosis, Systemic UI - D057770 MN - C16.320.850.368 MS - Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by HYALINE deposition in the skin, bone, gastrointestinal tract, muscles and glands; multiple subcutaneous skin nodules; GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY; and joint CONTRACTURES. It is comprised of two allelic disorders: infantile systemic hyalinosis and juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. Mutations in the capillary morphogenesis protein-2 are associated with the disorder. AN - do not confuse entry term INFANTILE SYSTEMIC HYALINOSIS with HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE HN - 2011 FX - Hyaline Membrane Disease FX - Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe MH - Hydrodynamics UI - D057446 MN - G1.342 MS - The motion of fluids, especially noncompressible liquids, under the influence of internal and external forces. HN - 2011 MH - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions UI - D057927 MN - G2.842.312 MS - The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER. AN - do not confuse entry term HYDROPHOBICITY with HYDROPHOBIA see RABIES HN - 2011 MH - Hygroscopic Agents UI - D058427 MN - D27.720.369 MN - D27.720.470.370 MS - Materials that readily absorb moisture from their surroundings. HN - 2011 BX - Desiccants FX - Desiccation MH - Hypertensive Retinopathy UI - D058437 MN - C11.768.346 MN - C14.907.489.815 MS - Degenerative changes to the RETINA due to HYPERTENSION. HN - 2011 FX - Ocular Hypertension MH - Iliotibial Band Syndrome UI - D058745 MN - C26.558.554.425 MN - C26.844.150.425 MS - An overuse injury causing lateral knee pain that results from repetitive friction of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral epicondyle. HN - 2011 MH - Immediate Dental Implant Loading UI - D057893 MN - E4.545.550.280.280.350 MN - E6.231.310.450 MN - E6.645.550.280.280.450 MN - E6.780.314.310.450 MS - Endosseous dental implantation where implants are fitted with an abutment or where an implant with a transmucosal coronal portion is used immediately (within 1 week) after the initial extraction. Conventionally, the implantation is performed in two stages with more than two months in between the stages. HN - 2011 BX - Dental Implant Loading, Immediate MH - Implant Capsular Contracture UI - D057910 MN - C23.550.470.251.500 MN - C23.550.767.865.500 MS - The shrinkage of the foreign body encapsulation scar tissue that forms around artificial implants imbedded in body tissues. HN - 2011 FX - Contracture MH - Implantable Neurostimulators UI - D058542 MN - E7.305.250.319.381 MN - E7.695.202.381 MS - Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION of nerve tissue is delivered. HN - 2011 MH - Inappropriate Prescribing UI - D057970 MN - E2.319.490 MS - The practice of prescribing medications in a manner that poses more risk than benefit, particularly where safer alternatives exist. HN - 2011 BX - Inappropriate Prescriptions FX - Medication Errors MH - Infantile Apparent Life-Threatening Event UI - D057768 MN - C8.618.846.600 MN - C23.888.248.500 MN - C23.888.852.700 MS - An event experienced by an infant or a child that is characterized by some combination of apnea, color change, change in muscle tone, choking, and gagging. AN - not restricted to infants HN - 2011 MH - Inflammasomes UI - D058847 MN - D5.500.224 MS - Multiprotein complexes that mediate the activation of CASPASE-1. Dysregulation of inflammasomes has also been linked to a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. HN - 2011 FX - Immunity, Innate FX - Inflammation Mediators MH - Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms UI - D058922 MN - C4.588.180.576 MN - C17.800.90.500.576 MS - Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells. AN - coordinate IM with histological type of neoplasm (IM) HN - 2011 BX - Inflammatory Breast Cancer MH - Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype UI - D057921 MN - B4.820.545.405.400.920 MN - B4.909.777.545.405.400.920 MS - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 10 and neuraminidase 7. It has been isolated from a variety of wild and domestic animals including ducks, emu, and mink. It was found for the first time in humans in 2004. AN - infection: coordinate IM with INFLUENZA, HUMAN (IM) in humans, or INFLUENZA IN BIRDS (IM) in birds, or ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) in other animals HN - 2011 MH - Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype UI - D057916 MN - B4.820.545.405.400.690 MN - B4.909.777.545.405.400.690 MS - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 1. This subtype has demonstrated the ability to mutate from a low pathogenic form to a highly pathogenic form in birds. It was responsible for a 1999 outbreak in turkeys in Italy. AN - infection: coordinate IM with INFLUENZA, HUMAN (IM) in humans, or INFLUENZA IN BIRDS (IM) in birds, or ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) in other animals HN - 2011 BX - H7N1 Virus MH - Influenza A Virus, H7N2 Subtype UI - D057917 MN - B4.820.545.405.400.692 MN - B4.909.777.545.405.400.692 MS - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 2. It has been involved in a number of outbreaks in the 21st century on poultry farms and has been isolated a few times in humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with INFLUENZA, HUMAN (IM) in humans, or INFLUENZA IN BIRDS (IM) in birds, or ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) in other animals HN - 2011 MH - Influenza A Virus, H7N3 Subtype UI - D057920 MN - B4.820.545.405.400.694 MN - B4.909.777.545.405.400.694 MS - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 3. It was first detected in turkeys in Britain in 1963 and there have been several outbreaks on poultry farms since that time. A couple cases of human infections have been reported. AN - infection: coordinate IM with INFLUENZA, HUMAN (IM) in humans, or INFLUENZA IN BIRDS (IM) in birds, or ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) in other animals HN - 2011 MH - Information Literacy UI - D058980 MN - L1.143.450 MS - The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and use the needed information effectively. HN - 2011 FX - Computer Literacy FX - Information Seeking Behavior MH - Informed Consent By Minors UI - D057828 MN - I1.880.604.473.650.718.500 MN - I1.880.604.583.427.384 MN - N3.706.437.650.312.500 MN - N3.706.535.489.384 MS - Voluntary authorization by a person not of usual legal age for diagnostic or investigative procedures, or for medical and surgical treatment. (from English A, Shaw FE, McCauley MM, Fishbein DB Pediatrics 121:Suppl Jan 2008 pp S85-7). HN - 2011 FX - Coercion MH - Infusions, Intraventricular UI - D057967 MN - E2.319.267.510.692 MS - The delivery of a drug into a fluid-filled cavity of the brain. HN - 2011 MH - Inhalant Abuse UI - D058545 MN - C25.467 MN - F3.900.467 MS - Illicit use of chemicals and products whose vapors can be inhaled to produce a rapid mind-altering effect. Inhalants include aerosols, gases, and volatile solvents that are often inhaled repeatedly to achieve the short-lived intoxicating effect. HN - 2011; for Glue Sniffing, use Substance-Related Disorders 1981-2010; Glue Sniffing was a heading 1969-1980 BX - Glue Sniffing MH - Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein UI - D058574 MN - D12.776.395.700.675 MN - D12.776.744.527 MN - D12.776.860.300.562 MS - A highly glycosylated and sulfated phosphoprotein that is found almost exclusively in mineralized connective tissues. It is an extracellular matrix protein that binds to hydroxyapatite through polyglutamic acid sequences and mediates cell attachment through an RGD sequence. HN - 2011 MH - Interdisciplinary Studies UI - D058025 MN - I2.158.405 MS - Programs of study which span the traditional boundaries of academic scholarship. HN - 2011 MH - Intermittent Urethral Catheterization UI - D057928 MN - E2.148.947.500 MS - Insertion of a catheter into the urethra to drain the urine from the bladder at intervals as needed. HN - 2011 MH - Intraoperative Awareness UI - D058926 MN - C23.550.505.400 MS - Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.) HN - 2011 BX - Anesthesia Awareness MH - Intrauterine Device Migration UI - D058736 MN - C26.392.500.500 MN - E5.325.578 MS - The shifting in position or location of an INTRAUTERINE DEVICE from its original placement. HN - 2011; use INTRAUTERINE DEVICE 1996-2010; for IUD MIGRATION use INTRAUTERINE DEVICE 1994-2010 MH - Intravitreal Injections UI - D058449 MN - E2.319.267.530.475.500 MS - The administration of substances into the VITREOUS BODY of the eye with a hypodermic syringe. HN - 2011 MH - Introduced Species UI - D058865 MN - B1.50.50.580 MN - G16.500.275.157.49.400 MN - N6.230.124.49.400 MS - Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity. HN - 2011 BX - Invasive Species MH - Iridoid Glucosides UI - D057888 MN - D2.455.849.575.500.500.500 MN - D3.383.663.491.500.500 MN - D3.830.491.500.500 MN - D9.408.348.387 MN - D9.408.423.500 MS - A subclass of iridoid compounds that include a glucoside moiety, usually found at the C-1 position. HN - 2011; use IRIDOIDS 2003-2010; for SECOIRIDOID GLUCOSIDES use IRIDOIDS 2003-2010 MH - Iridoid Glycosides UI - D057889 MN - D2.455.849.575.500.500 MN - D3.383.663.491.500 MN - D3.830.491.500 MN - D9.408.423 MS - A subclass of iridoid compounds that include a glycoside moiety, usually found at the C-1 position. HN - 2011 MH - Iron Compounds UI - D058085 MN - D1.490 MN - D1.632.550 MN - D2.691.550 MS - Organic and inorganic compounds that contain iron as an integral part of the molecule. AN - GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: IRON CPDS HN - 2011 MH - Ischemic Postconditioning UI - D057775 MN - E2.587 MS - The application of repeated, brief periods of vascular occlusion at the onset of REPERFUSION to reduce REPERFUSION INJURY that follows a prolonged ischemic event. The techniques are similar to ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING but the time of application is after the ischemic event instead of before. AN - coordinate IM with tissue / blood supply (IM) HN - 2011 FX - Ischemic Preconditioning MH - Ischnocera UI - D058326 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.690.450 MS - A suborder of chewing lice, in the order PHTHIRAPTERA, that are parasites of birds and mammals. AN - infestation: coordinate IM with LICE INFESTATIONS (IM); for killing Ischnocera with insecticides, see note at INSECTICIDES HN - 2011; use PHTHIRAPTERA 1999-2010 MH - Islet Amyloid Polypeptide UI - D058228 MN - D12.644.548.586.234 MN - D12.776.49.407.500 MS - A pancreatic beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with INSULIN. It displays an anorectic effect on nutrient metabolism by inhibiting gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying and postprandial GLUCAGON secretion. Islet amyloid polypeptide can fold into AMYLOID FIBRILS that have been found as a major constituent of pancreatic AMYLOID DEPOSITS. HN - 2011 MH - Isobutyric Acids UI - D058610 MN - D2.241.81.160.700 MN - D10.251.400.241.700 MS - Aliphatic acids that contain four carbons in a branched-chain configuration. HN - 2011 MH - Isotachophoresis UI - D057625 MN - E5.196.401.831 MN - E5.301.300.831 MS - A nonlinear electrophoretic technique used to separate a variety of ionic compounds, ranging from small metal ions to large molecules like proteins. Unlike "linear" zone electrophoresis in which separating solute bands continually spread by diffusion or dispersion, isotachophoresis forms self-sharpening, adjacent zones of substantially pure solute whose concentrations often exceed several mgs/ml. In isotachophoresis a multianalyte sample is introduced between the leading electrolyte and the terminating electrolyte where the sample ions have lower electrophoretic mobilities than the leading ion but larger than the terminating ion. (From "Isotachophoresis" on the AES Web Site [Internet]. Madison, WI: The American Electrophoresis Society; c2000-2008 [cited 2009 Aug 20]. Available from http://www.aesociety.org/areas/isotachophoresis.php) HN - 2011; use Electrophoresis 1985-2010 MH - Joint Capsule Release UI - D057913 MN - E4.555.113.500 MN - E4.555.350 MN - E4.800.250.70.500 MS - Surgical procedure to relax the JOINT CAPSULE tissues in a joint that has a reduced range of motion due to CONTRACTURE or TISSUE ADHESIONS or joint deformities. HN - 2011 BX - Capsular Release MH - Kashin-Beck Disease UI - D057767 MN - C5.116.99.708.534 MS - Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology. HN - 2011 MH - Knowledge Management UI - D058436 MN - N4.452.480 MS - The leveraging of collective wisdom within an organization as a catalyst to increase responsiveness and innovation. HN - 2011 MH - Kyphoplasty UI - D058498 MN - E2.718.750.500 MN - E4.555.860.500 MS - Procedures to restore vertebrae to their original shape following vertebral compression fractures by inflating a balloon inserted into the vertebrae, followed by removal of the balloon and injection of BONE CEMENTS to fill the cavity. HN - 2011 MH - Laboratory Proficiency Testing UI - D059021 MN - J1.897.608.500 MN - N4.761.700.512 MS - Assessments aimed at determining agreement in diagnostic test results among laboratories. Identical survey samples are distributed to participating laboratories, with results stratified according to testing methodologies. HN - 2011 MH - Laryngoplasty UI - D058753 MN - E4.580.371 MS - Restoration, reconstruction, or improvement of a defective or damaged LARYNX. HN - 2011 MH - Learning Curve UI - D059032 MN - F2.784.629.529.274 MS - The course of learning of an individual or a group. It is a measure of performance plotted over time. HN - 2011 MH - Lemierre Syndrome UI - D057831 MN - C1.252.400.388.350.700 MN - C7.550.174 MN - C9.775.262 MN - C14.907.355.830.925.770.500 MN - C14.907.617.718.788.500 MN - C14.907.940.740.910.500 MS - A superinfection of the damaged oropharyngeal mucosa by FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM leading to the secondary septic THROMBOPHLEBITIS of the internal jugular vein. HN - 2011 MH - Lesser Pelvis UI - D057892 MN - A1.673.500 MS - The part of the pelvis, inferior to the pelvic brim, that comprises both the pelvic cavity and the part of the PERINEUM lying inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. HN - 2011 BX - True Pelvis MH - Levoleucovorin UI - D058766 MN - D3.438.733.631.400.800.350.450.500 MS - A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN. HN - 2011; Use LEUCOVORIN 1998-2010: Use LEUCOVORIN, (S)-Isomer 1998-2010: Use LEUCOVORIN, Calcium (1:1) Salt, (S)-Isomer 1998-2010: Use LEUCOVORIN, Monopotassium Salt, (S)-Isomer 1998-2010: Use LEUCOVORIN, Monosodium Salt, (S)-Isomer 1998-2010 MH - Lewis Acids UI - D058116 MN - D1.29.630 MN - D2.561 MS - Any chemical species which accepts an electron-pair from a LEWIS BASE in a chemical bonding reaction. HN - 2011 MH - Lewis Bases UI - D058115 MN - D1.45.625 MN - D2.572 MS - Any chemical species which acts as an electron-pair donor in a chemical bonding reaction with a LEWIS ACID. HN - 2011 MH - Ligand-Gated Ion Channels UI - D058446 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500 MS - A subclass of ion channels that open or close in response to the binding of specific LIGANDS. HN - 2011 MH - Lipid Regulating Agents UI - D057847 MN - D27.505.954.557 MS - Substances that alter the metabolism of LIPIDS. HN - 2011 BX - Lipid Regulating Drugs MH - Lipid-Linked Proteins UI - D058635 MN - D12.776.543.484 MS - Proteins that are covalently-linked to lipid molecules or hydrophobic molecules such as those that contain prenyl groups. The lipid moieties aid in the association of the proteins with CELL MEMBRANES. AN - do not confuse with PROTEOLIPIDS or LIPOPROTEINS HN - 2011 FX - Lipoproteins FX - Lipoylation FX - Proteolipids MH - Lipoprotein Lipase Activators UI - D058867 MN - D27.505.519.374.600 MN - D27.505.954.557.500.601.500 MS - Compounds that increase the enzymatic activity of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Lipoprotein lipase activators have a potential role in the treatment of OBESITY by increasing LIPID METABOLISM. Note that substances that increase the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase are not included here. HN - 2011 BX - Lipoprotein Lipase Activating Agents MH - Lipoxygenases UI - D058945 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.583 MN - D12.776.556.579.374.568 MS - Dioxygenases that catalyze the peroxidation of methylene-interrupted UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS. AN - LIPOXYGENASE is also available HN - 2011; use LIPOXYGENASE 1992-2010 MH - Livestock UI - D058751 MN - B1.50.50.116.500 MS - Domesticated farm animals raised for home use or profit but excluding POULTRY. Typically livestock includes CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; SWINE; GOATS; and others. AN - prefer specific domestic animals like CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.; excludes POULTRY HN - 2011; use ANIMALS, DOMESTIC 1993-2010 MH - Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome UI - D058247 MN - C17.800.329.937.122.348 MN - C23.300.35.500 MS - Benign childhood alopecia that improves spontaneously with aging. It is characterized by anagen hairs (misshapen hair bulbs and absent inner and outer root sheaths), thin, and sparse hairs that pulls out easily. HN - 2011 MH - Lost to Follow-Up UI - D059012 MN - E5.318.780.438 MS - Study subjects in COHORT STUDIES whose outcomes are unknown e.g., because they could not or did not wish to attend follow-up visits.(from Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed.) HN - 2011 MH - Macrocephaly UI - D058627 MN - C5.660.207.536 MN - C10.500.507.374 MN - C16.131.621.207.532 MN - C16.131.666.507.343 MS - A congenital abnormality in which the occipitofrontal circumference is greater than two standard deviations above the mean for a given age. It is associated with HYDROCEPHALUS; SUBDURAL EFFUSION; ARACHNOID CYSTS; or is part of a genetic condition (e.g., ALEXANDER DISEASE; SOTOS SYNDROME). HN - 2011 FX - Hydrocephalus MH - Magnetite Nanoparticles UI - D058185 MN - D1.490.100.375.500 MN - D1.490.200.350.500 MN - D1.578.285.500 MN - J1.637.512.600.500.287 MS - Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds. HN - 2011; use FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE 2010 MH - Maltose-Binding Proteins UI - D058619 MN - D12.776.97.577.500.500 MS - Periplasmic proteins that bind MALTOSE and maltodextrin. They take part in the maltose transport system of BACTERIA. HN - 2011 MH - MART-1 Antigen UI - D058965 MN - D12.776.624.301.750 MN - D23.50.285.439.750 MS - A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells. HN - 2011 BX - MART1 Antigens BX - Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T-Cells 1 MH - Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome UI - D058923 MN - C5.651.426 MN - C10.668.491.87 MN - C26.558.705 MS - SKELETAL MUSCLE pain and tenderness along the posteromedial TIBIA resulting from exercise such as running and other physical activity. HN - 2011 MH - Medication Reconciliation UI - D059065 MN - E2.319.529.500 MN - N2.421.450.500.500 MN - N4.452.528.460 MN - N4.590.656 MS - The formal process of obtaining a complete and accurate list of each patient's current home medications including name, dosage, frequency, and route of administration, and comparing admission, transfer, and/or discharge medication orders to that list. The reconciliation is done to avoid medication errors. HN - 2011 MH - Melanoma-Specific Antigens UI - D058950 MN - D12.776.624.301 MN - D23.50.285.439 MS - Cellular antigens that are specific for MELANOMA cells. HN - 2011 BX - Melanoma Antigens MH - Melinis repens UI - D057665 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.822.558 MS - Formerly known as Rhynchelytrum repens, a member of the perennial grass family native to South Africa, widely distributed and known by different common names. It is used as a diabetes cure in folk medicine and actively studied for its hypoglycemic properties. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical/ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Memory, Long-Term UI - D057567 MN - F2.463.425.540.305 MS - Remembrance of information from 3 or more years previously. HN - 2011 BX - Long-term Memory MH - Mesophyll Cells UI - D058503 MN - A11.590 MN - A18.24.812.324 MS - Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers. HN - 2011 MH - Mesotherapy UI - D057748 MN - E2.190.506 MN - E2.218.660 MN - E2.319.267.530.620.785 MS - The application of medicine, vitamins, extracts, or other bioactive substances for a localized effect via multiple subcutaneous injections or perfusion of substances into the various layers of the skin below the EPIDERMIS. HN - 2011 MH - Metacercariae UI - D058488 MN - B5.500.500.150.500 MN - G7.700.320.500.550.500.500.150.500 MS - Encysted cercaria which house the intermediate stages of trematode parasites in tissues of an intermediate host. AN - do not use / embryol with reference to metacercariae HN - 2011 MH - Metalloids UI - D058955 MN - D1.268.513 MS - A class of nonmetals such as arsenic that have some of the chemical properties of a metal. HN - 2011 MH - Mice, 129 Strain UI - D057507 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.865.635.505.500.400.25 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.865.635.505.500.550.25 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.865.635.505.500.800.500.25 MS - Strains of mice arising from a parental inbred stock that was subsequently used to produce substrains of knockout and other mutant mice with targeted mutations. AN - NIM with no qualifiers when experimental animal; check the tag MICE HN - 2011 MH - Micrasterias UI - D058120 MN - B1.650.940.800.150.200.500 MS - A genus of unicellular streptophyte algae in the family Desmidiaceae, order DESMIDIALES. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Microalgae UI - D058086 MN - B5.650.600.500 MS - A non-taxonomic term for unicellular microscopic algae which are found in both freshwater and marine environments. Some authors consider DIATOMS; CYANOBACTERIA; HAPTOPHYTA; and DINOFLAGELLATES as part of microalgae, even though they are not algae. AN - coordinate with specific organism if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Microbial Consortia UI - D059013 MN - G6.550 MS - A group of different species of microorganisms that act together as a community. HN - 2011 FX - Biota FX - Microbial Interactions MH - Military Facilities UI - D058749 MN - J1.86.339.445 MS - Areas designated for use by the armed forces personnel. HN - 2011 MH - Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory UI - D058010 MN - F4.711.647.513.535 MS - A psychological test consisting of true/false items. It is used as a diagnostic screening or clinical assessment of adults who evidence problematic emotional and interpersonal symptoms or who are undergoing PSYCHOTHERAPY or a psychodiagnostic evaluation. HN - 2011 MH - Mirizzi Syndrome UI - D057792 MN - C6.130.120.135.812 MS - Complication of CHOLELITHIASIS characterized by OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE; abdominal pain, and fever. HN - 2011 FX - Jaundice, Obstructive MH - Mitral Valve Annuloplasty UI - D058386 MN - E4.100.376.62.500 MN - E4.928.220.109.500 MS - A type of heart valve surgery that involves the repair, replacement, or reconstruction of the annulus of the MITRAL VALVE. It includes shortening the circumference of the annulus to improve valve closing capacity and reinforcing the annulus as a step in more complex valve repairs. AN - mitral ring annuloplasty (where "ring" refers to a prosthesis): coordinate MITRAL VALVE ANNULOPLASTY with HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION HN - 2011 MH - Molecular Farming UI - D058634 MN - J1.40.790 MN - J1.897.836.750 MS - The large scale production of pharmaceutically important and commercially valuable RECOMBINANT PROTEINS. HN - 2011 FX - Animals, Genetically Modified FX - Plants, Genetically Modified MH - Molecular Sequence Annotation UI - D058977 MN - E5.393.760.479 MN - L1.453.245.667.580 MS - The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record. HN - 2011 BX - Gene Annotation FX - Sequence Analysis, DNA FX - Sequence Analysis, Protein FX - Sequence Analysis, RNA MH - Molecular Targeted Therapy UI - D058990 MN - E2.319.574 MS - Treatments with drugs which interact with or block synthesis of specific cellular components characteristic of the individual's disease in order to stop or interrupt the specific biochemical dysfunction involved in progression of the disease. AN - do not confuse with DRUG TARGETING see DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS HN - 2011 MH - Molecular Typing UI - D058889 MN - E5.200.875.150.125.457 MN - E5.393.542 MS - Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes. AN - for molecular typing of fungi, coordinate with MYCOLOGICAL TYPING TECHNIQUES HN - 2011 FX - Molecular Epidemiology MH - Molineoidae UI - D057807 MN - B1.50.500.500.294.700.775.600 MS - A superfamily of roundworms in the order STRONGYLIDA. It comprises the single family Molineidae and subfamily Nematodirinae. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STRONGYLIDA INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Moorella UI - D058845 MN - B3.300.390.400.525 MN - B3.510.415.400.525 MN - B3.510.460.410.525 MS - A genus of gram positive, acetogenic, thermophilic bacteria in the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae. Known habitats include HOT SPRINGS, horse manure, emu droppings, and sewage SLUDGE. HN - 2011 MH - Mougeotia UI - D058130 MN - B1.650.940.800.150.990.550 MS - A genus of filamentous algae in the order ZYGNEMATALES, family Zygnemataceae, that possess CHLOROPLASTS that can orient to the direction of light. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications UI - D057985 MN - D26.310.500 MS - A broad category of multi-ingredient preparations that are marketed for the relief of upper respiratory symptoms resulting from the COMMON COLD; ALLERGIES; or HUMAN INFLUENZA. While the majority of these medications are available as OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS some of them contain ingredients that require them to be sold as PRESCRIPTION DRUGS or as BEHIND-THE COUNTER DRUGS. AN - IM general only; coordinate NIM with specific ingredients HN - 2011 BX - Multi-Ingredient Cold Medications MH - Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction UI - D058011 MN - L1.470.625.500 MN - L1.700.508.280.199.500 MS - A statistical tool for detecting and modeling gene-gene interactions. It is a non-parametric and model-free approach. HN - 2011 MH - Multilocus Sequence Typing UI - D058885 MN - E5.200.875.150.125.457.500 MN - E5.393.542.500 MN - E5.393.760.700.650 MS - Direct nucleotide sequencing of gene fragments from multiple housekeeping genes for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis, organism identification, and typing of species, strain, serovar, or other distinguishable phylogenetic level. AN - coordinate with BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES or MYCOLOGICAL TYPING TECHNIQUES if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Myofibroblasts UI - D058628 MN - A11.329.228.975 MN - A11.620.520.500 MS - Spindle-shaped cells with characteristic CONTRACTILE PROTEINS and structures that contribute to the WOUND HEALING process. They occur in GRANULATION TISSUE and also in pathological processes such as FIBROSIS. HN - 2011 MH - Nanoconjugates UI - D058726 MN - D26.255.260.600 MN - D27.720.280.260.600 MN - E2.319.300.380.600 MN - J1.637.512.600.577 MS - Tailored macromolecules harboring covalently-bound biologically active modules that target specific tissues and cells. The active modules or functional groups can include drugs, prodrugs, antibodies, and oligonucleotides, which can act synergistically and be multitargeting. HN - 2011 MH - Nanodiamonds UI - D058612 MN - D1.268.150.200.550 MN - J1.637.512.600.580 MS - Diamond nanoparticles that exhibit unique biological, thermal, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties. They have important NANOMEDICINE applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; protein separation; and BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES. HN - 2011 MH - Nanopores UI - D058608 MN - J1.637.512.650 MS - Small holes of nanometer dimensions in a membrane, that can be used as single molecule detectors. The pores can be biological or synthetic. HN - 2011 FX - Nuclear Pore MH - Nasal Sprays UI - D059085 MN - D20.280.55.500 MS - Agents delivered into the nostrils in the form of a mist or spray. HN - 2011 BX - Nasal Aerosol MH - Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery UI - D057605 MN - E1.370.388.250.630 MN - E4.800.250.630 MS - Surgical procedures performed through a natural opening in the body such as the mouth, nose, urethra, or anus, and along the natural body cavities with which they are continuous. HN - 2011 BX - Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery BX - Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopy MH - Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma UI - D058252 MN - C15.604.515.292.507 MN - C17.300.200.495.772 MN - C17.800.550.772 MN - C18.452.584.750.487 MN - C23.550.382.984 MS - A cutaneous necrobiotic disorder characterized by firm, yellow plaques or nodules, often in a periorbital distribution. It is often accompanied by an elevated ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; LEUKOPENIA; and MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY (IgG-kappa type) and systemic involvement. HN - 2011 MH - Necrolytic Migratory Erythema UI - D058568 MN - C17.800.551 MN - C23.888.885.468 MS - Recurrent cutaneous manifestation of GLUCAGONOMA characterized by necrolytic polycyclic migratory lesions with scaling borders. It is associated with elevated secretion of GLUCAGON by the tumor. Other conditions with elevated serum glucagon levels such as HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS may also result in similar skin lesions, which are referred to as pseudoglucagonoma syndrome. AN - for glucagonoma syndrome, coordinate with GLUCAGONOMA and PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS HN - 2011 BX - Pseudoglucagonoma Syndrome FX - Glucagonoma MH - Neglected Diseases UI - D058069 MN - C23.550.291.890 MS - Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA). HN - 2011 FX - Rare Diseases MH - Nematocyst UI - D058894 MN - A13.655 MS - A double-walled capsule found in jellyfish and other CNIDARIA whose functions include prey capture, defense, locomotion, and attachment. Nematocysts contain toxic CNIDARIAN VENOMS which are injected into the victim via a barbed tubule. HN - 2011 FX - Cnidarian Venoms MH - Nematodirus UI - D057808 MN - B1.50.500.500.294.700.775.600.550 MS - A genus of roundworms in the family MOLINIEIDAE, whose species are important gastrointestinal parasites of RUMINANTS, especially CATTLE; SHEEP; and GOATS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STRONGYLIDA INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Neointima UI - D058426 MN - C23.550.722 MS - The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement. HN - 2011 FX - Tunica Intima MH - Neural Prostheses UI - D058117 MN - E7.305.250.319.381.500 MN - E7.695.202.381.500 MS - Medical devices which substitute for a nervous system function by electrically stimulating the nerves directly and monitoring the response to the electrical stimulation. HN - 2011 MH - Neural Stem Cells UI - D058953 MN - A11.872.653 MS - Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA. HN - 2011 MH - Neurocan UI - D058580 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.250.520.789 MN - D12.776.395.650.750.687.450 MN - D12.776.503.280.437.450 MN - D12.776.543.550.200.250.520.789 MN - D23.50.301.350.250.520.789 MS - A hyalectin family member that is expressed in neuronal tissue and plays a role in neuronal CELL ADHESION. HN - 2011 MH - Neurofeedback UI - D058765 MN - E2.190.525.123.500 MN - F2.830.131.500 MN - F4.754.137.301.750 MN - F4.754.308.500.750 MN - L1.143.283.425.624.500.500 MS - A technique to self-regulate brain activities provided as a feedback in order to better control or enhance one's own performance, control or function. This is done by trying to bring brain activities into a range associated with a desired brain function or status. HN - 2011 BX - Alpha Biofeedback BX - Alpha Feedback BX - Brainwave Biofeedback BX - Brainwave Feedback MH - Neuroprostanes UI - D058632 MN - D10.251.355.337.250.500 MN - D10.251.355.411.750 MS - Prostaglandin-like compounds produced by free radical-induced peroxidation of DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS, which are highly enriched in the brain. Formation is analogous to ISOPROSTANES formation from ARACHIDONIC ACID. HN - 2011; use DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS 2006-2010 MH - Neuropsychiatry UI - D058027 MN - F4.96.544.504 MN - H2.403.690.754 MS - A subfield of psychiatry that emphasizes the somatic substructure on which mental operations and emotions are based, and the functional or organic disturbances of the central nervous system that give rise to, contribute to, or are associated with mental and emotional disorders. (From Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.) AN - specialty only HN - 2011 FX - Neuropsychology MH - Nitrification UI - D058465 MN - G16.500.240.465.500 MS - A process facilitated by specialized bacteria involving the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate. HN - 2011 MH - Nitrogen Cycle UI - D058458 MN - G2.111.87.599 MN - G2.149.115.599 MN - G2.607.750.560 MN - G2.842.750.643 MN - G16.500.240.465 MS - The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter. HN - 2011 MH - Nonsteroidal Anti-Androgens UI - D057466 MN - D6.347.65.500 MN - D27.505.696.399.450.65.500 MS - Nonsteroidal agents which block the action or downregulate the synthesis of ANDROGENS. HN - 2011 MH - Norwood Procedures UI - D058327 MN - E4.100.376.724 MN - E4.928.220.560 MS - A set of surgical procedures performed to establish sufficient outflow to the systemic circulation in individuals with univentricular congenital heart malformations, such as HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME, and MITRAL VALVE atresia, associated with systemic outflow obstruction. Follow-on surgeries may be performed and consist of a HEMI-FONTAN PROCEDURE as the stage 2 Norwood procedure and a FONTAN PROCEDURE as the stage 3 Norwood procedure. AN - NORWOOD PROCEDURE, STAGE 2 and NORWOOD PROCEDURE, STAGE 3 see FONTAN PROCEDURE are also available HN - 2011 BX - Norwood Procedure MH - Not-For-Profit Insurance Plans UI - D059034 MN - N3.219.521.576.343.912 MS - Health insurance plans that are not intended to generate profit. AN - specify geographic term if possible HN - 2011 MH - Operating Tables UI - D058638 MN - E7.325.662 MN - E7.858.421 MS - A raised flat surface on which a patient is placed during surgical procedures. HN - 2011 BX - Operating Room Tables MH - Operative Blood Salvage UI - D057725 MN - E4.932.687 MS - Recovery of blood lost from surgical procedures for reuse by the same patient in AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS. It is collected during (intraoperatively) or after completion of (postoperatively) the surgical procedures. HN - 2011 FX - Blood Transfusion, Autologous FX - Bloodless Medical and Surgical Procedures MH - Opiate Substitution Treatment UI - D058850 MN - E2.319.620 MS - Medical treatment for opioid dependence using a substitute opiate such as METHADONE or BUPRENORPHINE. AN - coordinate with specific opioid dependence /rehabil or /drug ther and specific substituted opioid /ther use HN - 2011 BX - Opiate Replacement Therapy FX - Buprenorphine FX - Methadone MH - Optic Flow UI - D057849 MN - F2.463.593.932.594 MN - G14.700 MS - The continuous visual field seen by a subject through space and time. HN - 2011 MH - Oral Sprays UI - D058993 MN - E7.605.750 MS - Pharmacologic agents in the form of a mist or spray delivered into the body through the mouth. HN - 2011 MH - Organic Agriculture UI - D058871 MN - J1.40.895 MS - Systems of agriculture which adhere to nationally regulated standards that restrict the use of pesticides, non-organic fertilizers, genetic engineering, growth hormones, irradiation, antibiotics, and non-organic ANIMAL FEED. HN - 2011 FX - Food, Organic MH - Organs at Risk UI - D058958 MN - A1.635 MS - Organs which might be damaged during exposure to a toxin or to some form of therapy. It most frequently refers to healthy organs located in the radiation field during radiation therapy. HN - 2011 FX - Risk Factors MH - Orthognathic Surgery UI - D057909 MN - E6.892.500 MN - H2.163.876.886.500 MN - H2.403.810.481 MS - A surgical specialty concerned with correcting conditions related to malposition of the jawbones and other related MAXILLOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES (e.g., CLEFT PALATE; RETROGNATHISM). AN - do not confuse with ORTHOGNATHIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES HN - 2011 MH - Osteoporotic Fractures UI - D058866 MN - C26.404.545 MS - Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS. HN - 2011 MH - Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest UI - D058687 MN - C14.280.383.610 MS - Occurrence of heart arrest in an individual when there is no immediate access to medical personnel or equipment. HN - 2011 MH - Overbite UI - D057887 MN - C7.793.494.630.500 MS - A malocclusion in which maxillary incisor and canine teeth project over the mandiblar teeth excessively. The overlap is measured perpendicular to the occlusal plane and is also called vertical overlap. When the overlap is measured parallel to the occlusal plane it is referred to as overjet. HN - 2011 MH - Oxidative Coupling UI - D058451 MN - G2.607.750.660 MN - G2.842.750.650.500 MS - The reaction of two molecular entities via oxidation usually catalyzed by a transition metal compound and involving dioxygen as the oxidant. HN - 2011 MH - Pain Perception UI - D058748 MN - F2.463.593.504 MS - The process by which PAIN is recognized and interpreted by the brain. AN - differentiate from PAIN; PAIN PERCEPTION takes place in the brain HN - 2011 MH - Pancreatic Stellate Cells UI - D058954 MN - A11.700 MS - Star-shaped, myofibroblast-like cells located in the periacinar, perivascular, and periductal regions of the EXOCRINE PANCREAS. They play a key role in the pathobiology of FIBROSIS; PANCREATITIS; and PANCREATIC CANCER. HN - 2011 MH - Pandemics UI - D058873 MN - N6.850.290.200.600 MS - Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people. AN - coordinate IM with specific disease / epidemiol (IM) & specify geographic location if pertinent HN - 2011; use DISEASE OUTBREAKS 2006-2010 MH - Parenteral Nutrition Solutions UI - D057947 MN - D26.776.708.733 MN - D27.720.280.775.733 MS - Specialized solutions for PARENTERAL NUTRITION. They may contain a variety of MICRONUTRIENTS; VITAMINS; AMINO ACIDS; CARBOHYDRATES; LIPIDS; and SALTS. HN - 2011 FX - Food, Formulated FX - Parenteral Nutrition MH - Pasteuria UI - D058676 MN - B3.300.390.650 MN - B3.510.100.650 MN - B3.510.415.650 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family Pasteuriaceae. It is transmitted via soil or waterborne SPORES. HN - 2011 MH - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act UI - D058991 MN - N3.219.521.576.343.918 MN - N3.706.615.806 MS - An Act prohibiting a health plan from establishing lifetime limits or annual limits on the dollar value of benefits for any participant or beneficiary after January 1, 2014. It permits a restricted annual limit for plan years beginning prior to January 1, 2014. It provides that a health plan shall not be prevented from placing annual or lifetime per-beneficiary limits on covered benefits. The Act sets up a new competitive health insurance market giving tens of millions of Americans the same choices of insurance that members of Congress will have. It aims to bring greater accountability to health care and to control cost of health insurance premiums. AN - add UNITED STATES; CATALOG: use NAF entry HN - 2011 MH - Pentalogy of Cantrell UI - D058502 MN - C10.500.680.705 MN - C16.131.77.696 MN - C16.131.666.680.705 MS - Rare congenital deformity syndrome characterized by a combination of five anomalies as a result of neural tube defect. The five anomalies are a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect (e.g., OMPHALOCELE), a lower STERNUM defect, a congenital intracardiac defect, an anterior DIAPHRAGM defect, and a diaphragmatic PERICARDIUM defect (e.g., PERICARDIAL EFFUSION). Variants with incomplete and variable combinations of the defects are known. ECTOPIA CORDIS; CLEFT LIP; and CLEFT PALATE are often associated with the syndrome. HN - 2011 BX - Cantrell Haller Ravitch syndrome BX - Cantrell Pentalogy BX - Thoracoabdominal Syndrome FX - Tetralogy of Fallot MH - Peptidomimetics UI - D057786 MN - D27.505.519.828 MS - Compounds that are designed to mimic the 3D structure of a natural peptide or protein. HN - 2011 MH - Performance-Enhancing Substances UI - D058573 MN - D27.505.696.620 MS - Agents that improve the ability to carry out activities such as athletics, mental endurance, work, and resistance to stress. The substances can include PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; phytochemicals; and ILLICIT DRUGS. HN - 2011 BX - Performance-Enhancing Drugs FX - Doping in Sports MH - Peri-Implantitis UI - D057873 MN - C7.465.693 MN - C7.465.714.282 MS - An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS. AN - Peri-implant mucositis (a reversible inflammation localized to the soft tissues): index DENTAL IMPLANTS + STOMATITIS HN - 2011 MH - Periodontal Debridement UI - D057747 MN - E6.721.189.675 MS - Removal or disruption of DENTAL DEPOSITS and plaque-retentive DENTAL CALCULUS from tooth surfaces and within the periodontal pocket space without deliberate removal of CEMENTUM as done in ROOT PLANING and often in DENTAL SCALING. The goal is to conserve dental cementum to help maintain or re-establish healthy periodontal environment and eliminate PERIODONTITIS by using light instrumentation strokes and nonsurgical techniques (e.g., ultrasonic, laser instruments). HN - 2011 BX - Nonsurgical Periodontal Debridement FX - Subgingival Curettage MH - Perioperative Period UI - D059035 MN - E4.614 MN - N2.421.585.753 MS - The time periods immediately before, during and following a surgical operation. HN - 2011 MH - Peripartum Period UI - D058725 MN - G8.686.701 MS - The period shortly before, during, and immediately after giving birth. HN - 2011 MH - Peripheral Arterial Disease UI - D058729 MN - C14.907.137.126.307.500 MN - C14.907.617.671 MS - Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less. AN - coordinate IM with specific peripheral artery IM if pertinent HN - 2011; for PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASES use PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES 2007-2010 MH - Pets UI - D057805 MN - B1.50.50.116.600 MS - Animals kept by humans for companionship and enjoyment, as opposed to DOMESTIC ANIMALS such as livestock or farm animals, which are kept for economic reasons. AN - coordinate with specific animal if pertinent HN - 2011; use ANIMALS, DOMESTIC 1983-2010 BX - Companion Animals FX - Bonding, Human-Pet MH - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase UI - D058539 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100 MS - A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol into 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. AN - PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASES is also available HN - 2011; use PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASES 1998-2010 BX - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase MH - Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 3-Kinase UI - D058538 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.200 MS - A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate into phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. HN - 2011 MH - Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors UI - D058987 MN - D27.505.519.389.735.249 MS - Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 3. HN - 2011 MH - Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors UI - D058988 MN - D27.505.519.389.735.374 MS - Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4. HN - 2011 MH - Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors UI - D058986 MN - D27.505.519.389.735.500 MS - Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5. HN - 2011 MH - Photobioreactors UI - D058433 MN - E7.115.600 MN - J1.897.120.115.600 MS - Devices for generating biological products that use light as the energy source. They are used for controlled BIOMASS production such as growing cyanobacteria, mosses, or algae. HN - 2011 MH - Photographs UI - D059036 MN - V2.697 MS - Still images produced from radiation-sensitive materials (sensitive to light, electron beams, or nuclear radiation), generally by means of the chemical action of light on a sensitive film, paper, glass, or metal. Photographs may be positive or negative, opaque or transparent. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type. used by catalogers only; photographs as a subject are indexed under the main heading PHOTOGRAPHY HN - 2011 MH - Photoinitiators, Dental UI - D058567 MN - D25.339.574 MN - D27.720.102.339.249 MN - J1.637.51.339.574 MS - Chemical compound used to initiate polymerization of dental resins by the use of DENTAL CURING LIGHTS. It absorbs UV light and undergoes decomposition into free radicals that initiate polymerization process of the resins in the mix. Each photoinitiator has optimum emission spectrum and intensity for proper curing of dental materials. HN - 2011 BX - Resin Photoinitiators, Dental FX - Curing Lights, Dental FX - Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives MH - Phylogeography UI - D058974 MN - H1.158.273.343.335.500 MN - H1.277.500.589 MS - A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000) AN - IM for the discipline (education, history, etc); NIM as a coordinate for phylogeographic studies of populations HN - 2011 FX - Paleontology FX - Phylogeny MH - Physicians, Primary Care UI - D058007 MN - M1.526.485.810.910 MN - N2.360.810.795 MS - Providers of initial care for patients. These PHYSICIANS refer patients when appropriate for secondary or specialist care. HN - 2011 BX - Primary Care Physicians MH - Plagiocephaly UI - D059041 MN - C5.660.207.707 MN - C16.131.621.207.707 MS - The condition characterized by uneven or irregular shape of the head often in parallelogram shape with a flat spot on the back or one side of the head. It can either result from the premature CRANIAL SUTURE closure (CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS) or from external forces (NONSYNOSTOTIC PLAGIOCEPHALY). HN - 2011 MH - Planococcaceae UI - D058641 MN - B3.510.100.100.600 MN - B3.510.400.630 MS - A family of gram-positive bacteria in the order BACILLALES. Most are strict aerobic heterotrophs. HN - 2011 BX - Caryophanon MH - Planococcus Bacteria UI - D058642 MN - B3.510.400.630.600 MS - A genus of coccoid bacteria in the family PLANOCOCCACEAE. They are widely distributed in various habitats including sea water, freshwater ponds, cyanobacterial mats, and in marine animals. AN - do not confuse with the insect genus Planococcus: see PLANOCOCCUS INSECT HN - 2011 MH - Planococcus Insect UI - D058643 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.412.600 MS - A genus of insect in the mealybug family Pseudococcidae. AN - do not confuse with the bacteria genus Planococcus: see PLANOCOCCUS BACTERIA HN - 2011 MH - Plant Immunity UI - D057865 MN - G12.450.50.750 MN - G12.450.192.500 MN - G15.602 MS - The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens. HN - 2011 MH - Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques UI - D058439 MN - E5.200.249.550 MN - G15.744.749 MS - The process of embryo initiation in culture from vegetative, non-gametic, sporophytic, or somatic plant cells. HN - 2011 MH - Plant Vascular Bundle UI - D058526 MN - A18.24.812.675 MN - A18.24.937.625 MN - A18.400.687 MN - A18.450 MS - A strand of primary conductive plant tissue consisting essentially of XYLEM, PHLOEM, and CAMBIUM. HN - 2011 MH - Plant Weeds UI - D057685 MN - B1.650.449 MS - A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants. AN - coordinate with specific plant if pertinent HN - 2011 FX - Weed Control MH - Plaque, Amyloid UI - D058225 MN - C23.300.821 MS - Accumulations of extracellularly deposited AMYLOID FIBRILS within tissues. AN - coordinate with anatomical heading/ pathol for location of plaque deposit HN - 2011 BX - Amyloid Deposits BX - Plaques, Amyloid FX - Amyloidosis MH - Plaque, Atherosclerotic UI - D058226 MN - C23.300.823 MS - Lesions formed within the walls of ARTERIES. HN - 2011; for FATTY STREAK, ARTERIAL use ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1963-2010; for ATHEROMA use ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1984-2010 FX - Atherosclerosis FX - Carotid Artery Diseases FX - Coronary Artery Disease MH - Plasma Gases UI - D058626 MN - D1.362.740 MS - Ionized gases, consisting of free electrons and ionized atoms or molecules which collectively behave differently than gas, solid, or liquid. Plasma gases are used in biomedical fields in surface modification; biological decontamination; dentistry (e.g., PLASMA ARC DENTAL CURING LIGHTS); and in other treatments (e.g., ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION). AN - do not use for blood gases or blood plasma HN - 2011 MH - Plasma Skin Regeneration UI - D058629 MN - E2.218.707 MS - A cosmetic technique that uses PLASMA GASES in therapeutic treatment to help achieve skin REJUVENATION or REGENERATION and delay SKIN AGING. HN - 2011 BX - Plasma Skin Rejuvenation BX - Plasma Skin Resurfacing MH - Policy UI - D057766 MN - I1.655 MN - N3.623 MS - A course or method of action selected to guide and determine present and future decisions. HN - 2011 MH - Polymerization UI - D058105 MN - G2.149.883 MS - Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE). HN - 2011 MH - Polytene Chromosome UI - D059007 MN - A11.284.187.440.500 MN - A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.580 MN - G5.360.162.440.500 MS - An extra large chromosome consisting of many identical copies of a chromosome lying next to each other in parallel. HN - 2011 MH - Pontine Glioma UI - D058887 MN - C4.557.465.625.600.380.80.680 MN - C4.557.465.625.600.380.810 MN - C4.557.470.670.380.80.680 MN - C4.557.470.670.380.810 MN - C4.557.580.625.600.380.80.680 MN - C4.557.580.625.600.380.810 MS - A malignant BRAINSTEM neoplasm of the PONS. They are more commonly found in children than adults. AN - coordinate IM with BRAIN STEM NEOPLASMS (IM) + PONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Post-Exercise Hypotension UI - D057774 MN - C10.177.575.600.537 MN - C14.907.514.611 MS - Transient reduction in blood pressure levels immediately after exercises that lasts 2-12 hours. The reduction varies but is typically 5-20 mm Hg when compared to pre-exercise levels. It exists both in normotensive and hypertensive individuals and may play a role in excercise related PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATION. HN - 2011 MH - Post-Synaptic Density UI - D057907 MN - A8.850.800.500 MN - A11.284.149.165.420.780.800.500 MS - Cytoskeleton specialization at the cytoplasmic side of postsynaptic membrane in SYNAPSES. It is involved in neuronal signaling and NEURONAL PLASTICITY and comprised of GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; scaffolding molecules (e.g., PSD95, PSD93), and other proteins (e.g., CaCMKII). HN - 2011 MH - Posterior Capsular Rupture, Ocular UI - D057851 MN - C11.297.500 MS - A breach in the continuity of the posterior chamber of the eyeball. HN - 2011 MH - Posterior Capsule of the Lens UI - D057852 MN - A9.371.60.500.155.500 MS - The posterior aspect of the casing that surrounds the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS. HN - 2011 BX - Posterior Capsule, Lens MH - Posterior Eye Segment UI - D057972 MN - A9.371.714 MS - The back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the VITREOUS HUMOR; RETINA; CHOROID; and OPTIC NERVE. HN - 2011 MH - Prehypertension UI - D058246 MN - C14.907.653 MS - Blood pressure levels that are between normotension and hypertension. Individuals with prehypertension are at a higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. Generally, prehypertension is defined as SYSTOLIC PRESSURE of 131-139 mm Hg and/or DIASTOLIC PRESSURE of 81-89 when the optimal is 120/80 mm Hg. For diabetics and other metabolism diseases the prehypertension is around 110-129/70-79 mm Hg. HN - 2011 BX - Pre-Hypertension MH - Primary Care Nursing UI - D059017 MN - E2.760.611.735 MS - Techniques or methods of patient care used by nurses as primary careproviders. AN - do not confuse with PRIMARY NURSING which refers to the responsibility of one nurse in the planning evaluation and care of a patient throughout the course of an illness. HN - 2011 MH - Protease Nexins UI - D058255 MN - D12.644.822.468 MN - D12.776.645.468 MS - Extracellular protease inhibitors that are secreted from FIBROBLASTS. They form a covalent complex with SERINE PROTEASES and can mediate their cellular internalization and degradation. HN - 2011 MH - Protein Refolding UI - D058849 MN - E5.790 MN - G1.154.100.640.501 MN - G1.595.100.640.501 MN - G2.111.87.690.501 MN - G2.149.115.690.501 MS - Conformational transitions of a protein from unfolded states to a more folded state. HN - 2011 MH - Protein Unfolding UI - D058767 MN - E5.793 MN - G1.154.100.640.750 MN - G1.595.100.640.750 MN - G2.111.87.690.750 MN - G2.149.115.690.750 MS - Conformational transitions of the shape of a protein to various unfolded states. HN - 2011 FX - Protein Stability FX - Unfolded Protein Response MH - Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter UI - D058979 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.299.625 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.625.217 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.224.625 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.625.217 MS - A symporter protein that couples the transport of FOLIC ACID with HYDROGEN IONS. The transporter functions most effectively under acidic conditions. HN - 2011 MH - Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents UI - D057872 MN - D25.339.788 MN - D27.720.102.339.500 MN - J1.637.51.339.788 MS - Materials used in DENTAL PULP CAPPING or PULPECTOMY. AN - coordinate with specific material if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic Agents UI - D058905 MN - D27.505.519.625.725 MN - D27.505.696.577.725 MS - Compounds that act on PURINERGIC RECEPTORS or influence the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of purinergic transmitters. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic Agonists UI - D058913 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200 MS - Compounds that bind to and activate PURINERGIC RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic Antagonists UI - D058914 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400 MS - Drugs that bind to and block the activation of PURINERGIC RECEPTORS. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists UI - D058906 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058915 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists UI - D058910 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.200 MS - Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058919 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.200 MS - Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P2X Receptor Agonists UI - D058911 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.200.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.200.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2X RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for specific P2X receptor subtypes. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists UI - D058920 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.200.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.200.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2X RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are antagonists for specific P2X receptor subtypes. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P2Y Receptor Agonists UI - D058912 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.200.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.200.200 MS - Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for specific P2Y receptor subtypes. HN - 2011 MH - Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists UI - D058921 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.400.200.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.400.200.200 MS - Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are antagonists for specific P2Y receptor subtypes. HN - 2011 MH - Pycnodysostosis UI - D058631 MN - C5.116.99.708.779 MN - C16.320.565.595.800 MN - C16.320.812 MN - C18.452.648.595.800 MS - Rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by delayed closing of CRANIAL SUTURES, short stature, ACRO-OSTEOLYSIS of distal phalanges, dental and MAXILLOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES and an increase in bone density that results in frequent BONE FRACTURES. It is associated with BONE RESORPTION defect due to mutations in the lysosomal cysteine protease CATHEPSIN K. HN - 2011 BX - Pyknodysostosis MH - Pyelectasis UI - D058536 MN - C13.703.277.838 MN - C16.131.939.831 MN - C16.300.895 MS - Dilation of fetal KIDNEY PELVIS. It is a common PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY finding with no significant long-term sequelae. HN - 2011 MH - Pyrimidine Phosphorylases UI - D057845 MN - D8.811.913.400.725.850 MS - Pentosyltransferases that catalyze the reaction between a pyrimidine nucleoside and orthophosphate to form a free pyrimidine and ribose-5-phosphate. HN - 2011 MH - Pythiosis UI - D058968 MN - C3.908.650 MN - C22.761 MS - A granulomatous disease caused by the aquatic organism PYTHIUM insidiosum and occurring primarily in horses, cattle, dogs, cats, fishes, and rarely in humans. It is classified into three forms: ocular, cutaneous, and arterial. HN - 2011 MH - Quality Improvement UI - D058996 MN - J1.293.754 MN - N4.761.744 MS - The attainment or process of attaining a new level of performance or quality. HN - 2011 MH - Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques UI - D058525 MN - E5.196.778 MN - E5.978.673 MS - The use of a quartz crystal microbalance for measuring weights and forces in the micro- to nanogram range. It is used to study the chemical and mechanical properties of thin layers, such as polymer coatings and lipid membranes; and interactions between molecues. HN - 2011 MH - Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1 UI - D058262 MN - D12.776.476.24.412.100 MN - D12.776.543.725.100 MS - A receptor activity-modifying protein that is a subunit of specific G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS. The CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from a dimer of this protein and CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN, while an isoform of the ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from this protein dimerizing with the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR. HN - 2011 MH - Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2 UI - D058263 MN - D12.776.476.24.412.200 MN - D12.776.543.725.200 MS - A receptor activity-modifying protein that heterodimerizes with CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN to form the ADRENOMEDULLIN RECEPTOR. In addition, an isoform of the ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from this protein dimerizing with the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR. HN - 2011 MH - Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3 UI - D058264 MN - D12.776.476.24.412.300 MN - D12.776.543.725.300 MS - A receptor activity-modifying protein that heterodimerizes with CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN to form the ADRENOMEDULLIN RECEPTOR. In addition, an isoform of the ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from this protein dimerizing with the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR. HN - 2011 MH - Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins UI - D058261 MN - D12.776.476.24.412 MN - D12.776.543.725 MS - A family of proteins that bind to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and alter their specificity, signaling mechanism, or mode of intracellular transport. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Adrenomedullin UI - D058265 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.41 MN - D12.776.543.750.750.49 MS - G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors for ADRENOMEDULLIN. They are formed by the heterodimerization of CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN and either RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 2 or RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 3. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate UI - D058468 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.200 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400 MS - A class of ligand-gated ion channel receptors that have specificity for GLUTAMATE. They are distinct from METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS which act through a G-protein-coupled mechanism. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide UI - D058287 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.360 MS - G-protein coupled receptors that are formed through the dimerization of the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR with a RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN. Their affinity for ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE is dependent upon which of several receptor activity-modifying protein subtypes they are bound to. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype UI - D058306 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.200.700.600.100 MS - A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GQ and the subsequently activates TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. Additional evidence has shown that the receptor can act through a calcium-dependent signaling pathway. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype UI - D058307 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.200.700.600.200 MS - A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GS ALPHA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN SUBUNITS and subsequently activates ADENYLATE CYCLASE. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype UI - D058308 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.200.700.600.300 MS - A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GI and subsequently inhibits ADENYLATE CYCLASE. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype UI - D058309 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.200.700.600.400 MS - A subtype of prostaglandin E receptors that specifically couples to GS ALPHA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN SUBUNITS and subsequently activates ADENYLATE CYCLASE. The receptor may also signal through the activation of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X UI - D058469 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500 MS - A subclass of purinergic P2 receptors that signal by means of a ligand-gated ion channel. They are comprised of three P2X subunits which can be identical (homotrimeric form) or dissimilar (heterotrimeric form). HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X1 UI - D058474 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.100 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600.100 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.100 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.100 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500.100 MS - A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor found at sympathetically innervated SMOOTH MUSCLE. It may play a functional role regulating the juxtoglomerular apparatus of the KIDNEY. HN - 2011; for P2X1 PURINOCEPTOR use RECEPTORS, PURINERGIC P2X 1996-2010 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X2 UI - D058476 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.200 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600.200 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500.200 MS - A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor involved in sensory signaling of TASTE PERCEPTION, chemoreception, visceral distension and NEUROPATHIC PAIN. The receptor comprises three P2X2 subunits. The P2X2 subunits also have been found associated with P2X3 RECEPTOR subunits in a heterotrimeric receptor variant. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X3 UI - D058477 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.300 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600.300 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.300 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.300 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500.300 MS - A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor involved in sensory signaling of TASTE PERCEPTION, chemoreception, visceral distension, and NEUROPATHIC PAIN. The receptor comprises three P2X3 subunits. The P2X3 subunits are also associated with P2X2 RECEPTOR subunits in a heterotrimeric receptor variant. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 UI - D058848 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.400 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600.400 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.400 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.400 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500.400 MS - A widely distributed purinergic P2X receptor subtype that plays a role in pain sensation. P2X4 receptors found on MICROGLIA cells may also play a role in the mediation of allodynia-related NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X5 UI - D058485 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500.500 MS - A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor found at high levels in the BRAIN and IMMUNE SYSTEM. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 UI - D058486 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.700 MN - D12.776.543.550.425.500.600.700 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.700 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.700 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.500.700 MS - A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor that plays a role in pain sensation signaling and regulation of inflammatory processes. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2Y UI - D058470 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.700.720.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.750 MS - A subclass of purinergic P2 receptors whose signaling is coupled through a G-PROTEIN signaling mechanism. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1 UI - D058472 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.700.720.500.100 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.750.100 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.750.100 MS - A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ATP and ADP. The activated P2Y1 receptor signals through the G-PROTEIN-coupled activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE C and mobilization of intracellular CALCIUM. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 UI - D058925 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.700.720.500.300 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.750.300 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.750.300 MS - A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ADP binding and are coupled to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GI. The P2Y12 purinergic receptors are found in PLATELETS where they play an important role regulating PLATELET ACTIVATION. HN - 2011 MH - Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 UI - D058473 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.700.720.500.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.750.200 MN - D12.776.543.750.810.720.750.200 MS - A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ATP and UTP. The activated P2Y2 receptor acts through a G-PROTEIN-coupled PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and intracellular CALCIUM SIGNALING pathway. HN - 2011 MH - Recycling UI - D059027 MN - J1.256.675 MN - N6.850.780.200.800.800.525 MN - N6.850.860.510.244 MS - The extraction and recovery of usable or valuable material from scrap or other discarded materials. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.) HN - 2011; use CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1996-2010 MH - Reduced Folate Carrier Protein UI - D058978 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.299.750 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.162.359 MN - D12.776.543.550.190.608 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.224.750 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.162.359 MS - A ubiquitously expressed folic acid transporter that functions via an antiporter mechanism which is coupled to the transport of organic phosphates. HN - 2011 MH - Reflex, Righting UI - D057897 MN - E1.370.376.550.650.695 MN - E1.370.600.550.650.695 MN - G11.561.600.765.745 MS - The instinctive tendency (or ability) to assume a normal position of the body in space when it has been displaced. HN - 2011 MH - Remote Sensing Technology UI - D058998 MN - E1.370.520.750.500 MN - E5.925.500 MN - L1.178.847.675.500 MS - Observation and aquisition of physical data from a distance by viewing and making measurements from a distance or receiving transmitted data from observations made at distant location. HN - 2011 FX - Geographic Information Systems FX - Radio Frequency Identification Device MH - Research Report UI - D058028 MN - H1.770.644.864 MN - L1.143.506.423.906.769 MS - Detailed account or statement or formal record of data resulting from empirical inquiry. HN - 2011 BX - Report MH - Research Support, U.S. Government UI - D057689 MN - V4.750 MS - For publications noted as supported by US Government. AN - not used for indexing or cataloging HN - 2011 MH - Retinal Dystrophies UI - D058499 MN - C11.768.585.658 MS - A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues. AN - CONE-ROD DYSTROPHY see RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA is also available HN - 2011 MH - Retinal Telangiectasis UI - D058456 MN - C11.768.748 MN - C14.907.823.502 MS - A group of rare, idiopathic, congenital retinal vascular anomalies affecting the retinal capillaries. It is characterized by dilation and tortuosity of retinal vessels and formation of multiple aneurysms, with different degrees of leakage and exudates emanating from the blood vessels. HN - 2011 MH - Rhizosphere UI - D058441 MN - G16.500.240.630 MN - G16.500.275.157.625 MN - N6.230.124.437 MS - The immediate physical zone surrounding plant roots that include the plant roots. It is an area of intense and complex biological activity involving plants, microorganisms, other soil organisms, and the soil. HN - 2011 MH - Riboswitch UI - D058928 MN - D13.444.735.544.427 MN - D13.444.735.790.878.942.500 MN - G2.111.570.80.689.687.124 MN - G5.360.80.689.687.124 MS - Part of a MESSENGER RNA molecule that undergoes a conformation change upon binding a specific metabolite or other small molecule thereby regulating the messenger RNA's transcription, post-transcriptional processing, transport, translation, or stability in response to varying levels of the metabolite or other small molecule. HN - 2011 BX - Riboswitches MH - RNA, Small Untranslated UI - D058727 MN - D13.444.735.790.552 MS - Short RNA, about 200 base pairs in length or shorter, that does not code for protein. HN - 2011 MH - Sacroiliitis UI - D058566 MN - C5.550.114.854 MS - Inflammation of the SACROILIAC JOINT. It is characterized by lower back pain, especially upon walking, fever, UVEITIS; PSORIASIS; and decreased range of motion. Many factors are associated with and cause sacroiliitis including infection; injury to spine, lower back, and pelvis; DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS; and pregnancy. HN - 2011 FX - Sacroiliac Joint MH - Salpingectomy UI - D058994 MN - E4.950.300.715 MS - Excision of one or both of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. HN - 2011 MH - Sarcoglycanopathies UI - D058088 MN - C5.651.534.500.280.500 MN - C8.618.923 MN - C10.668.491.175.500.149.500 MN - C14.280.238.812 MN - C16.320.577.280.500 MS - Deficiencies or mutations in the genes for the SARCOGLYCAN COMPLEX subunits. A variety of phenotypes are associated with these mutations including a subgroup of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathies, and respiratory deficiency. HN - 2011 MH - Sarcophagidae UI - D058493 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.289.797 MS - Family of flies in the order DIPTERA, commonly known as flesh flies. They lay their eggs in dead or decaying matter or open wounds. AN - for killing Sarcophagidae with insecticides, see note at INSECTICIDES HN - 2011 BX - Sarcophaga MH - Seed Dispersal UI - D058614 MN - G1.154.767 MN - G15.744.825 MN - G15.808 MS - The various physical methods which include wind, insects, animals, tension, and water, by which a plant scatters its seeds away from the parent plant. HN - 2011 MH - Seed Dormancy UI - D057445 MN - G15.744.300.500 MN - G15.872 MS - The state of failure to complete the process of GERMINATION of an intact viable seed, due to intrinsic physical, molecular, genetic, or physiological parameters under otherwise favourable prevailing conditions. HN - 2011 MH - Self Report UI - D057566 MN - E5.318.308.750.500 MN - L1.280.800.655 MN - N5.715.360.300.695.500 MN - N6.850.520.308.750.500 MS - Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects. HN - 2011 MH - Self-Fertilization UI - D057945 MN - G5.355.90.403.590 MN - G8.686.785.760.277.560 MN - G15.744.850 MS - The fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete from the same individual animal or plant. AN - self pollination: index POLLINATION + SELF-FERTILIZATION HN - 2011; use INBREEDING 1998-2010 MH - Sensilla UI - D058618 MN - A13.825 MS - Collective name for a group of external MECHANORECEPTORS and chemoreceptors manifesting as sensory structures in ARTHROPODS. They include cuticular projections (setae, hairs, bristles), pores, and slits. HN - 2011 FX - Chemoreceptor Cells FX - Mechanoreceptors MH - Septins UI - D058112 MN - D8.811.277.40.330.300.700 MN - D12.776.157.325.757 MN - D12.776.220.932 MS - A family of GTP-binding proteins that were initially identified in YEASTS where they were shown to initiate the process of septation and bud formation. Septins form into hetero-oligomeric complexes that are comprised of several distinct septin subunits. These complexes can act as cytoskeletal elements that play important roles in CYTOKINESIS, cytoskeletal reorganization, BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, and membrane dynamics. HN - 2011 MH - Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists UI - D058825 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.800.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.800.100 MS - Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes. HN - 2011; use SEROTONIN AGONISTS 1992-2010 BX - 5-HT1 Agonists MH - Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058829 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.850.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.850.100 MS - Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes. HN - 2011 MH - Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists UI - D058826 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.800.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.800.200 MS - Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. HN - 2011; use SEROTONIN AGONISTS 1993-2010 MH - Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058830 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.850.200 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.850.200 MS - Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. HN - 2011 MH - Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists UI - D058827 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.800.300 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.800.300 MS - Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011; use SEROTONIN AGONISTS 1993-2010 MH - Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058831 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.850.300 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.850.300 MS - Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. HN - 2011 MH - Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists UI - D058828 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.800.400 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.800.400 MS - Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS. HN - 2011 MH - Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists UI - D058832 MN - D27.505.519.625.850.850.400 MN - D27.505.696.577.850.850.400 MS - Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS. HN - 2011 MH - Serpin E2 UI - D058258 MN - D12.644.822.468.750 MN - D12.644.822.750.695.850 MN - D12.776.645.468.750 MN - D12.776.645.750.695.850 MN - D12.776.872.695.850 MS - A protease nexin and serpin subtype that is specific for several SERINE PROTEASES including UROKINASE; THROMBIN; TRYPSIN; and PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS. HN - 2011; use PROTEASE NEXINS 2004-2010 MH - Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assay UI - D058248 MN - E1.450.495.735.845 MN - E5.478.594.760.845 MS - Procedures for identification and measurement of IMMUNOGLOBULINS in the blood that initiate lysis of bacteria. AN - do not confuse with SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST (bactericidal activity in serum after antimicrobial therapy) or BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY (natural bactericidal property of blood) HN - 2011 FX - Blood Bactericidal Activity MH - Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development UI - D058533 MN - C12.706.316.795 MN - C13.351.875.253.795 MN - C16.131.260.830.835 MN - C16.131.939.316.795 MN - C16.320.180.830.835 MN - C19.391.119.795 MS - Congenital conditions of atypical sexual development associated with abnormal sex chromosome constitutions including MONOSOMY; TRISOMY; and MOSAICISM. HN - 2011 FX - Sex Chromosome Aberrations MH - Sex Reassignment Procedures UI - D057829 MN - E2.906 MS - Clinical treatments used to change the physiological sexual characteristics of an individual. HN - 2011 FX - Transsexualism MH - Sex Reassignment Surgery UI - D057830 MN - E2.906.500 MN - E4.680.750 MN - E4.950.449 MS - Surgical treatments used to change the physiological sexual characteristics of an individual. HN - 2011 FX - Transsexualism MH - Side-Population Cells UI - D058985 MN - A11.872.785 MS - A group of cells identified on FLOW CYTOMETRY profiles as distinct from the main group of cells by their ability to extrude the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, often a characteristic property of less differentiated progenitor and STEM CELLS. AN - coordinate with specific progenitor cell type if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Silica Gel UI - D058428 MN - D1.837.725.700.379 MN - D20.280.320.687 MN - D26.255.165.320.687 MS - A non-crystalline form of silicon oxide that has absorptive properties. It is commonly used as a desiccating agent and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY. The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID. HN - 2011 MH - Single Umbilical Artery UI - D058529 MN - C14.240.850.976 MN - C16.131.240.850.952 MS - Congenital abnormality where one, instead of the usual two, UMBILICAL ARTERY connects the fetus to the placenta. HN - 2011 MH - Single-Cell Analysis UI - D059010 MN - E5.200.500.900 MS - Assaying the products of or monitoring various biochemical processes and reactions in an individual cell. AN - permitted with microorganisms HN - 2011 MH - Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule UI - D058288 MN - C4.588.33.740 MS - Metastatic lesion of the UMBILICUS associated with intra-abdominal neoplasms especially of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or OVARY. HN - 2011 MH - Small Business UI - D058012 MN - J1.219.921 MS - For-profit enterprise with relatively few to moderate number of employees and low to moderate volume of sales. HN - 2011 MH - Smith-Magenis Syndrome UI - D058496 MN - C10.281.900 MN - C16.131.77.879 MN - C16.131.260.887 MN - C16.320.180.887 MS - Complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by distinctive facial features (FACIES), developmental delay and mental retardation. Behavioral phenotypes include sleep disturbance, maladaptive, self-injurious and attention-seeking behaviors. The sleep disturbance is linked to an abnormal circadian secretion pattern of MELATONIN. The syndrome is associated with de novo deletion or mutation and HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY of the retinoic acid-induced 1 protein on chromosome 17p11.2. HN - 2011 FX - Chronobiology Disorders MH - Social Participation UI - D058992 MN - I3.50.750 MS - Involvement in community activities or programs. HN - 2011 MH - Social Stigma UI - D057545 MN - F1.145.813.927 MS - A perceived attribute that is deeply discrediting and is considered to be a violation of social norms. HN - 2011 FX - Shame MH - Sorting Nexins UI - D058305 MN - D12.776.543.990.150.875 MS - A large family of phosphatidylinositol phosphate-binding proteins that are involved in mediating intracellular transport and sorting of proteins via a variety of endocytic pathways. HN - 2011 MH - Sotos Syndrome UI - D058495 MN - C16.131.77.889 MN - C16.131.260.905 MN - C16.320.180.905 MS - Congenital or postnatal overgrowth syndrome most often in height and occipitofrontal circumference with variable delayed motor and cognitive development. Other associated features include advanced bone age, seizures, NEONATAL JAUNDICE; HYPOTONIA; and SCOLIOSIS. It is also associated with increased risk of developing neoplasms in adulthood. Mutations in the NSD1 protein and its HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY are associated with the syndrome. HN - 2011 FX - Fetal Macrosomia FX - Gigantism MH - Spinal Cord Regeneration UI - D058630 MN - G11.561.600.615.500 MN - G16.100.856.611.500 MS - Repair of the damaged neuron function after SPINAL CORD INJURY or SPINAL CORD DISEASES. HN - 2011 FX - Spinal Cord Injuries MH - Spirogyra UI - D058131 MN - B1.650.940.800.150.990.800 MS - A genus of filamentous algae in the order ZYGNEMATALES, family Zygnemataceae, named for the helical arrangement of its CHLOROPLASTS. It is commonly found in freshwater habitats. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Sporangia UI - D058432 MN - A18.560 MN - A19.800 MS - A structure found in plants, fungi, and algae, that produces and contains spores. HN - 2011 BX - Sporangium MH - Sporosarcina UI - D058644 MN - B3.300.390.825 MN - B3.510.100.100.600.700 MN - B3.510.400.630.700 MN - B3.510.415.700 MS - A genus of endospore-forming bacteria in the family PLANOCOCCACEAE. The species are strict or facultative anerobes. HN - 2011 MH - Standard of Care UI - D059039 MN - N4.761.789.900 MN - N5.715.840 MS - The minimum acceptable patient care, based on statutes, court decisions, policies, or professional guidelines. HN - 2011 MH - Staphylococcus hyicus UI - D057788 MN - B3.300.390.400.800.750.435 MN - B3.510.100.750.750.435 MN - B3.510.400.790.750.435 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It is an important opportunistic pathogen in swine. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Staphylococcus intermedius UI - D057789 MN - B3.300.390.400.800.750.445 MN - B3.510.100.750.750.445 MN - B3.510.400.790.750.445 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It is a zoonotic organism and common commensal in dogs, but can cause disease in dogs and other animals. It also can be associated with human disease. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Staphylococcus lugdunensis UI - D057787 MN - B3.300.390.400.800.750.500 MN - B3.510.100.750.750.500 MN - B3.510.400.790.750.500 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It is responsible for skin and soft-tissue infections among others, and is part of the normal human skin flora. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Staphylococcus saprophyticus UI - D057790 MN - B3.300.390.400.800.750.750 MN - B3.510.100.750.750.750 MN - B3.510.400.790.750.750 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It commonly causes urinary tract infections in humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Stem Cell Research UI - D057905 MN - E5.864 MN - H1.770.644.145.512 MS - Experimentation on STEM CELLS and on the use of stem cells. AN - IM for ethical, legal, moral, social, or religious aspects of research on embryos; do not routinely add for research involving stem cells; coordinate with specific type of stem cell if pertinent; note entry term EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH: coordinate with EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS but not also with EMBRYO RESEARCH HN - 2011 FX - Embryo Research FX - Stem Cells MH - Sterol 14-Demethylase UI - D058886 MN - D8.244.453.915.880 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.915.880 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.783.880 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.915.880 MS - An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa. HN - 2011 BX - Sterol 14-Demethylases MH - Stramenopiles UI - D058009 MN - B1.750 MS - A common name (but used formally) for a group of organisms that are mostly kinds of algae including BACILLARIOPHYTA; OOMYCETES; PHAEOPHYCEAE; and CHRYSOPHYCEAE. They all contain CHLOROPLASTS that are thought to have been derived from the endosymbiosis of ancient RED ALGAE. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2011 BX - Heterokonts MH - Streptophyta UI - D057949 MN - B1.650.940.800 MS - A phylum of green plants comprising CHAROPHYCEAE (streptophyte green algae) and EMBRYOPHYTA (land plants). AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Stretchers UI - D058254 MN - E7.325.220.500 MN - N2.421.297.879.550 MS - Bed-like structures for transporting or temporarily holding patients. HN - 2011 BX - Patient Holding Stretchers FX - Transportation of Patients MH - Striae Distensae UI - D057896 MN - C23.888.885.800 MS - Linear dermal scars accompanied by epidermal atrophy that affects skin that is subjected to continuous stretching. They usually do not cause any significant medical problems, only cosmetic problems. HN - 2011 MH - Subretinal Fluid UI - D058471 MN - A12.383.800 MS - An exudate between the RETINA and CHOROID from various sources including the vitreous cavity, SUBARACHNOID SPACE, or abnormal vessels. HN - 2011 MH - Suicidal Ideation UI - D059020 MN - F1.145.126.980.875.149 MN - I1.880.735.856.149 MS - A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm. HN - 2011 MH - Sumoylation UI - D058207 MN - G2.111.87.675.871.790.600.925.500 MN - G2.111.87.693.600.775.500 MN - G2.149.115.675.871.790.600.831.500 MN - G2.149.115.693.600.850.500 MN - G3.495.770.871.790.600.831.500 MN - G5.355.315.670.600.831.500 MS - A type of POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN MODIFICATION by SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER PROTEINS (also known as SUMO proteins). HN - 2011 MH - Surgical Attire UI - D058257 MN - E7.325.877 MN - E7.858.594 MS - Sterile clothing worn during surgical procedures to protect the surgical site from sources of contamination. HN - 2011 MH - Surgical Drapes UI - D058636 MN - E7.325.137.750 MN - E7.858.642 MS - Sterile fabric or fabric-like material used to isolate the surgical site from the rest of the body and other possible sources of contamination. HN - 2011 MH - Synbiotics UI - D058616 MN - J2.500.456.716 MS - Nutritional supplements combining PROBIOTICS (bacteria) and PREBIOTICS (sugars). HN - 2011 MH - Synthetic Biology UI - D058615 MN - H1.158.273.904 MN - J1.293.69.500 MS - A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems. AN - IM for the discipline (education, history, etc); NIM as a coordinate for studies involving specific synthetic biology concepts and applications HN - 2011 MH - Tardigrada UI - D058467 MN - B1.50.500.901 MS - A phylum of microscopic ecdysozoan invertebrates, closely related to ARTHROPODS. Members exhibit anabiosis and cryptobiosis, dormant states where metabolic activity is reduced or absent, thus making them tolerant to extreme environmental conditions. They are distributed worldwide and most are semi-aquatic. HN - 2011 MH - Tenon Capsule UI - D058475 MN - A2.340.800 MN - A9.371.839 MS - Sheath of the eyeball consisting of fascia extending from the OPTIC NERVE to the corneal limbus. HN - 2011 MH - Tenotomy UI - D058971 MN - E4.555.712 MS - Surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity that is caused by congenital or acquired shortening of a muscle (Stedman, 27th ed). Tenotomy is performed in order to lengthen a muscle that has developed improperly, or become shortened and is resistant to stretching. HN - 2011 MH - Test Taking Skills UI - D058013 MN - I2.399.890 MS - Skills and strategies, unrelated to the traits a test is intended to measure, that may increase test takers' scores -- may include the effects of coaching or experience in taking tests. (ERIC Thesaurus) HN - 2011 BX - Test Wiseness BX - Test-Taking MH - Tetraploidy UI - D057891 MN - C23.550.210.702.249 MN - G5.365.590.175.677.249 MN - G5.700.740.249 MS - The presence of four sets of chromosomes. It is associated with ABNORMALITIES, MULTIPLE; and MISCARRAGES. HN - 2011 MH - Tetrasomy UI - D058670 MN - C23.550.210.50.625 MN - C23.550.210.182.249 MN - G5.365.590.175.50.625 MN - G5.365.590.175.183.249 MN - G5.700.131.625 MS - The possession of four chromosomes of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell. AN - coordinate IM with specific chromosome number (IM) HN - 2011 BX - Partial Tetrasomy MH - Th1-Th2 Balance UI - D058408 MN - G2.111.840 MS - Homeostatic control of the immune system by secretion of different cytokines by the Th1 and Th2 cells. The concentration dependent binding of the various cytokines to specific receptors determines the balance (or imbalance leading to disease). HN - 2011 FX - CD4 Lymphocyte Count MH - Th17 Cells UI - D058504 MN - A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915 MN - A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770 MN - A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915 MS - Subset of helper-effector T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-22. These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases. HN - 2011 MH - Thienopyridines UI - D058924 MN - D2.886.778.823 MN - D3.383.725.849 MN - D3.383.903.830 MN - D3.438.928 MS - Heterocyclic compounds that contain 4H,5H,6H,7H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine as part of their structure. HN - 2011 MH - Time-Lapse Imaging UI - D059008 MN - E1.370.350.600.817 MN - E5.712.657 MN - L1.240.960.399 MS - Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back. AN - coordinate with specific imaging technique (MICROSCOPY, MOLECULAR IMAGING, etc) if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Tooth Bleaching Agents UI - D058205 MN - D27.720.642.315.500 MS - Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments in TEETH and thus effect whitening. HN - 2011 FX - Tooth Bleaching MH - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors UI - D059004 MN - D27.505.519.389.892.500 MN - D27.505.954.248.794.500 MS - Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASE I. HN - 2011 BX - Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors MH - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors UI - D059005 MN - D27.505.519.389.892.750 MN - D27.505.954.248.794.750 MS - Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II. HN - 2011 BX - Topoisomerase 2 Inhibitors MH - Topoisomerase Inhibitors UI - D059003 MN - D27.505.519.389.892 MN - D27.505.954.248.794 MS - Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASES. HN - 2011 MH - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases UI - D058570 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.931 MN - D12.776.476.925 MS - A serine threonine kinase that controls a wide range of growth-related cellular processes. The protein is referred to as the target of RAPAMYCIN due to the discovery that TACROLIMUS (commonly known as rapamycin) forms an inhibitory complex with TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEIN 1A that blocks the action of its enzymatic activity. HN - 2011 BX - mTOR Serine-Threonine Kinases BX - TOR Kinases MH - Transcellular Cell Migration UI - D057688 MN - G3.495.166.962.500 MN - G4.299.283.900 MN - G4.299.345.500.500 MN - G4.299.482.685.500 MN - G4.299.490.790.500 MS - The movement of one cell into, through, and out of another cell. HN - 2011 FX - Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration MH - Transcription Factor 3 UI - D058127 MN - D12.776.260.103.500.875 MN - D12.776.260.108.92.875 MN - D12.776.930.125.500.875 MN - D12.776.930.127.92.875 MS - A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a role in determining cell fate during embryogenesis. It forms a heterodimer with TWIST TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and ACHAETE-SCUTE GENE COMPLEX-related TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. HN - 2011; use TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 7 LIKE 1 PROTEIN 1996-2009 BX - Transcription Factor E2-alpha MH - Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein UI - D058125 MN - D12.776.260.730.812 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.800.812 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.800.812 MN - D12.776.930.875.812 MS - A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway where it may play a role in the differentiation of KERATINOCYTES. The transcriptional activity of this protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN. HN - 2011 MH - Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein UI - D058118 MN - D12.776.260.730.875 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.800.875 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.800.875 MN - D12.776.930.875.875 MS - A transcription factor that takes part in WNT signaling pathway. The activity of the protein is regulated via its interaction with BETA CATENIN. Transcription factor 7-like 2 protein plays an important role in the embryogenesis of the PANCREAS and ISLET CELLS. HN - 2011 MH - Transcytosis UI - D057900 MN - G3.495.166.962 MN - G4.299.482.685 MN - G4.299.490.790 MS - The transport of materials through a cell. It includes the uptake of materials by the cell (ENDOCYTOSIS), the movement of those materials through the cell, and the subsequent secretion of those materials (EXOCYTOSIS). HN - 2011 MH - Transdermal Patch UI - D057968 MN - E2.319.267.120.60.500 MS - A medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication into the bloodstream. HN - 2011 MH - Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration UI - D057705 MN - G4.299.283.950 MN - G7.700.560.500.180.500 MS - The passage of cells across the layer of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, i.e., the ENDOTHELIUM; or across the layer of EPITHELIAL CELLS, i.e. the EPITHELIUM. HN - 2011 BX - Transendothelial Migration FX - Capillary Permeability FX - Transcellular Cell Migration MH - Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization UI - D057769 MN - E4.100.376.719.666 MN - E4.928.220.520.610 MS - A procedure to increase the flow of blood to the MYOCARDIUM by creating transmural channels in the heart wall via the application of laser pulses to epicardial or endocardial surfaces. HN - 2011 MH - Trichiasis UI - D058457 MN - C11.338.912 MS - A disease of the eye in which the eyelashes abnormally turn inwards toward the eyeball producing constant irritation caused by motion of the lids. HN - 2011 MH - Triploidy UI - D057885 MN - C23.550.210.702.500 MN - G5.365.590.175.677.500 MN - G5.700.740.500 MS - Polyploidy with three sets of chromosomes. Triploidy in humans are 69XXX, 69XXY, and 69XYY. It is associated with HOLOPROSENCEPHALY; ABNORMALITIES, MULTIPLE; PARTIAL HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; and MISCARRAGES. HN - 2011 FX - Trisomy MH - Trypanosoma rangeli UI - D057509 MN - B1.268.475.868.887.680 MS - A hemoflagellate parasite affecting domestic and wild animals, as well as humans and invertebrates. Though it induces an immune response, it is non-pathogenic in humans and other vertebrates. It is cross-reactive with TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI and can thus cause false positives for CHAGAS DISEASE. AN - infection: coordinate IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Tumor Microenvironment UI - D059016 MN - G4.835 MS - The milieu surrounding neoplasms consisting of cells, vessels, soluble factors, and molecules, that can influence and be influenced by, the neoplasm's growth. HN - 2011 MH - Tunga UI - D058253 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.750.800 MS - A genus of parasitic fleas in the family Pulicidae. They are found mainly in Africa, South America, and Central America. AN - infestation = TUNGIASIS; for killing Tunga with insecticides, see note at INSECTICIDES HN - 2011 BX - Sand Flea BX - Tunga penetrans MH - Tungiasis UI - D058285 MN - C3.858.211.250.800 MS - An infestation with the flea TUNGA PENETRANS causing inflammation, pruritus, and pain, in both humans and other mammals. There is a high incidence of secondary infections such as BACTEREMIA and TETANUS. HN - 2011 MH - Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis UI - D057825 MN - E5.196.401.250.500 MN - E5.196.401.402.250.500 MN - E5.301.300.230.500 MN - E5.301.300.319.450.500 MS - Methods of comparing two or more samples on the same two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gel. HN - 2011 MH - United States Department of Defense UI - D059030 MN - I1.409.137.500.500 MN - N3.540.348.500.500.500 MS - A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government whose mission is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of our country. AN - add UNITED STATES; research support by this agency is checked as RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S.; CATALOG: use NAF entry HN - 2011 MH - Uromodulin UI - D058949 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.850 MN - D12.776.395.560.912 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.850 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.850 MS - A glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) - anchored membrane protein found on the thick ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. The cleaved form of the protein is found abundantly in URINE. HN - 2011 MH - Uterine Balloon Tamponade UI - D058738 MN - E2.148.106.500 MN - E2.520.179.500 MS - Inflation of a balloon catheter within the uterine cavity to control UTERINE HEMORRHAGE. HN - 2011 MH - Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle UI - D058425 MN - D12.776.828.868.955 MN - D20.215.894.865.955 MN - D23.50.865.955 MS - Vaccines using supra-molecular structures composed of multiple copies of recombinantly expressed viral structural proteins. They are often antigentically indistinguishable from the virus from which they were derived. HN - 2011 BX - Virus-Like Particle Vaccines MH - Vacuolar Sorting Protein VPS15 UI - D058571 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.500.100.300.500 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.965 MN - D12.776.476.171.500 MN - D12.776.543.990.175.500 MS - A 150 kDa protein serine-threonine kinase that is found as a regulatory subunit of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases. The protein is believed to play an important role in the regulation of vesicular trafficking with the cell. HN - 2011 MH - Vascular Grafting UI - D058017 MN - E4.100.814.868 MS - Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES, or transplanted BLOOD VESSELS, or other biological material to repair injured or diseased blood vessels. AN - coordinate with specific blood vessel/transpl if pertinent HN - 2011 MH - Vascular System Injuries UI - D057772 MN - C14.907.937 MN - C26.940 MS - Injuries to blood vessels caused by laceration, contusion, puncture, or crush and other types of injuries. Symptoms vary by site and mode of injuries and may include bleeding, bruising, swelling, pain, and numbness. It does not include injuries secondary to pathologic function or diseases such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS. AN - coordinate with ARTERIES / inj or VEINS /inj or specific artery or vein / inj HN - 2011 BX - Vascular Injuries MH - Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials UI - D058585 MN - G7.265.500.385.500 MN - G7.265.500.712 MS - Recorded electrical responses from muscles, especially the neck muscles or muscles around the eyes, following stimulation of the EAR VESTIBULE. HN - 2011 FX - Vestibular Function Tests MH - Veterans Health UI - D058014 MN - N1.400.850 MS - The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of VETERANS. HN - 2011 FX - Veterans MH - Video-Audio Media UI - D059040 MN - V1.255.500 MS - Used with articles which include video files or clips, or for articles which are entirely video. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type; CATALOG: do not use HN - 2011 MH - Virgibacillus UI - D058679 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.900 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.900 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.900 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS in the family BACILLACEAE. They have been isolated from salty environments, food, water, and clinical specimens. HN - 2011 MH - Viridiplantae UI - D057948 MN - B1.650.940 MS - A monophyletic group of green plants that includes all land plants (EMBRYOPHYTA) and all green algae (CHLOROPHYTA and STREPTOPHYTA). AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics; coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011 MH - Virus Uncoating UI - D057646 MN - G6.920.875.890 MS - Intracellular step that follows VIRUS INTERNALIZATION during which the viral nucleic acid and CAPSID are separated. HN - 2011 MH - Visual Field Tests UI - D058609 MN - E1.370.380.850.962 MS - Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye. AN - VISUAL FIELDS is also available HN - 2011 MH - Visual Prosthesis UI - D057488 MN - E7.695.950 MS - Artificial device such as an externally-worn camera attached to a stimulator on the RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, or VISUAL CORTEX, intended to restore or amplify vision. HN - 2011 MH - Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy UI - D057826 MN - C11.204.236.719 MN - C11.270.162.719 MN - C16.320.290.162.705 MS - Autosomal dominant hereditary maculopathy with childhood-onset accumulation of LIPOFUSION in RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Affected individuals develop progressive central acuity loss, and distorted vision (METAMORPHOPSIA). It is associated with mutations in bestrophin, a chloride channel. HN - 2011 FX - Macular Degeneration MH - Vitreoretinal Surgery UI - D057586 MN - E4.540.980 MS - Specialized ophthalmic technique used in the surgical repair and or treatment of disorders that include retinal tears or detachment; MACULAR HOLES; hereditary retinal disease; AIDS-related retinal infections; ocular tumors; MACULAR DEGENERATION; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; and UVEITIS. HN - 2011 MH - Vitrification UI - D058989 MN - G1.595.680.625 MS - The transformation of a liquid to a glassy solid i.e., without the formation of crystals during the cooling process. HN - 2011 FX - Cryopreservation MH - Walker-Warburg Syndrome UI - D058494 MN - C10.500.507.249.249.500 MN - C11.270.881 MN - C16.131.666.507.186.249.500 MN - C16.320.577.750 MS - Rare autosomal recessive lissencephaly type 2 associated with congenital MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and eye anomalies (e.g., RETINAL DETACHMENT; CATARACT; MICROPHTHALMOS). It is often associated with additional brain malformations such as HYDROCEPHALY and cerebellar hypoplasia and is the most severe form of the group of related syndromes (alpha-dystroglycanopathies) with common congenital abnormalities in the brain, eye and muscle development. HN - 2011 BX - alpha-Dystroglycanopathies BX - Cerebromuscular Dystrophy, Fukuyama Type BX - Chemke Syndrome BX - Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy BX - Fukuyama Type Congenital Muscular Dystrophy BX - Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease BX - Muscular Dystrophy, Congenital, Fukuyama Type BX - Warburg Syndrome FX - Dystroglycans MH - Watchful Waiting UI - D057832 MN - N4.761.559.590.900 MS - Clinical management approach wherein immediate therapy is not provided but there is a period of observation during which periodic tests monitor patient and the progression of the illness. (Driffield T, Smith PC Med Decis Making. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):178-88) AN - do not confuse with WRITING or PUBLISHING HN - 2011 MH - Water Cycle UI - D058438 MN - G1.311.340.950 MN - G16.500.240.795 MS - Circulation of water among various ecological systems, in various states, on, above, and below the surface of the earth. HN - 2011 FX - Water Movements MH - Wavelet Analysis UI - D058067 MN - E5.959 MN - G17.915 MN - L1.224.800.750 MS - Signal and data processing method that uses decomposition of wavelets to approximate, estimate, or compress signals with finite time and frequency domains. It represents a signal or data in terms of a fast decaying wavelet series from the original prototype wavelet, called the mother wavelet. This mathematical algorithm has been adopted widely in biomedical disciplines for data and signal processing in noise removal and audio/image compression (e.g., EEG and MRI). HN - 2011 FX - Fourier Analysis MH - Weed Control UI - D058728 MN - J1.40.947 MS - The prevention of growth and or spread of unwanted plants. HN - 2011 FX - Herbicides FX - Pest Control FX - Plant Weeds MH - Weissella UI - D058836 MN - B3.510.550.475.900 MS - A genus of gram-positive, asporogenous, lactic acid bacteria, in the family LEUCONOSTOCACEAE. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 MH - Wireless Technology UI - D059015 MN - L1.178.847.950 MS - Techniques using energy such as radio frequency, infrared light, laser light, visible light, or acoustic energy to transfer information without the use of wires, over both short and long distances. HN - 2011 MH - Wound Closure Techniques UI - D058106 MN - E4.987 MS - Methods to repair breaks in tissue caused by trauma or to close surgical incisions. HN - 2011 MH - Xenopsylla UI - D058260 MN - B1.50.500.131.617.750.950 MS - A genus of fleas in the family Pulicidae which includes the species that serves as the primary vector of BUBONIC PLAGUE, Xenopsylla cheopis. AN - infestation: coordinate IM with FLEA INFESTATIONS (IM); for killing Xenopsylla with insecticides, see note at INSECTICIDES HN - 2011 MH - Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus UI - D058008 MN - B4.820.650.375.930 MS - An endogenous GAMMARETROVIRUS from the germ line of mice but isolated from humans. It has close similarity to xenotropic MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2011 BX - Xenotropic MuLV-related virus BX - XMRV Virus MH - Zygnematales UI - D058129 MN - B1.650.940.800.150.990 MS - An order of freshwater algae possessing unbranched filaments. Sexual reproduction takes place via conjugation. AN - coordinate with specific PLANT STRUCTURES term if pertinent; for use in therapy coordinate IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2011