NEW (2010) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 8/31/2009) TOTAL 2010 NEW DESCRIPTORS = 422 MH - Aberrometry UI - D057128 MN - E1.370.380.74 MS - The use of an aberrometer to measure eye tissue imperfections or abnormalities based on the way light passes through the eye which affects the ability of the eye to focus properly. HN - 2010 FX - Corneal Topography FX - Corneal Wavefront Aberration MH - Acaricides UI - D056810 MN - D27.720.723.70 MS - A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators. AN - For use to kill or control mites and ticks, use no qualifiers on the acaricide or the mite or tick; appropriate qualifiers may be used when other aspects of the acaricide are discussed, such as the effect on a physiologic process or behavioral aspect of the mite or tick. HN - 2010 FX - Mites MH - Actigraphy UI - D056044 MN - E1.370.520.49 MS - The measurement and recording of MOTOR ACTIVITY to assess rest/activity cycles. HN - 2010 FX - Polysomnography MH - Acute Chest Syndrome UI - D056586 MN - C8.381.74 MN - C8.618.09 MN - C15.378.71.141.150.150.219 MN - C15.378.420.155.219 MN - C16.320.70.150.219 MN - C16.320.365.155.219 MS - Respiratory syndrome characterized by the appearance of a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray, accompanied by symptoms of fever, cough, chest pain, tachypnea, or DYSPNEA, often seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. Multiple factors (e.g., infection, and pulmonary FAT EMBOLISM) may contribute to the development of the syndrome. HN - 2010 FX - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult MH - Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis UI - D056150 MN - C17.800.33 MS - A rare skin eruption that is characterized by acute, extensive formation of sterile pustules, fever, and peripheral blood LEUKOCYTOSIS. HN - 2010 MH - Adaptive Immunity UI - D056704 MN - G12.450.50 MS - Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- LYMPHOCYTES following exposure to specific antigen, and characterized by IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY. It can result from either previous infection with that agent or vaccination (IMMUNITY, ACTIVE), or transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor (IMMUNIZATION, PASSIVE). HN - 2010 BX - Acquired Immunity FX - Immunity, Innate MH - Advanced Practice Nursing UI - D057179 MN - H2.478.676.74 MS - Evidence-based nursing, midwifery and healthcare grounded in research and scholarship. Practitioners include nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, and nurse midwives. HN - 2010 MH - Aerococcaceae UI - D056567 MN - B3.510.550.30 MS - A family of gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria in the order LACTOBACILLALES. HN - 2010 BX - Abiotrophia MH - Aerococcus UI - D056570 MN - B3.510.400.30 MN - B3.510.550.30.30 MS - A genus of gram-positive cocci in the family AEROCOCCACEAE, occurring as airborne saprophytes. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS HN - 2010; use STREPTOCOCCACEAE 1979-2009 MH - Airway Remodeling UI - D056151 MN - C23.300.17 MN - G9.772.29 MS - The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues. HN - 2010 BX - Airway Remodelling BX - Asthmatic Airway Remodeling BX - Asthmatic Airway Remodelling BX - Asthmatic Airway Wall Remodeling BX - Asthmatic Airway Wall Remodelling BX - Small Airway Remodeling BX - Small Airway Remodelling MH - Alcoholics UI - D057229 MN - M1.66 MS - Persons who have a history of physical or psychological dependence on ETHANOL. HN - 2010; SKID ROW ALCOHOLICS was heading 1975-1995; use ALCOHOLISM 1975; use HOMELESS PERSONS for SKID ROW ALCOHOLICS 1996-2009 BX - Skid Row Alcoholics MH - Alicyclobacillus UI - D056450 MN - B3.510.100.50 MN - B3.510.415.400.78 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS, in the family Alicyclobacillaceae, containing a unique lipid in their membranes. HN - 2010 MH - Alien Hand Syndrome UI - D055964 MN - C10.597.606.881.350.99 MN - C23.888.592.604.80.500 MN - C23.888.592.604.882.350.99 MN - F1.700.80.249 MN - F1.700.875.350.99 MS - An apraxia characterized by the affected limb having involuntary, autonomous, and purposeful behaviors that are perceived as being controlled by an external force. Often the affected limb interferes with the actions of the normal limb. Symptoms develop from lesions in the CORPUS CALLOSUM or medial frontal cortex, stroke, infarction, and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME, corticobasal degeneration). HN - 2010 MH - Alstrom Syndrome UI - D056769 MN - C10.500.300.99 MN - C10.574.500.495.99 MN - C10.668.829.800.300.99 MN - C11.270.684.249 MN - C16.131.77.80 MN - C16.131.666.300.99 MN - C16.320.290.684.249 MN - C16.320.400.375.99 MS - Rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple organ dysfunction. The key clinical features include retinal degeneration (NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and eventual blindness), childhood obesity, sensorineural hearing loss, and normal mental development. Endocrinologic complications include TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPERINSULINEMIA; ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; and progressive renal and hepatic failures. The disease is caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene. HN - 2010 BX - Alstrom's Syndrome MH - Alveolata UI - D056893 MN - B1.43 MS - A group of three related eukaryotic phyla whose members possess an alveolar membrane system, consisting of flattened membrane-bound sacs lying beneath the outer cell membrane. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc.) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - American Recovery and Reinvestment Act UI - D057171 MN - N3.706.615.49 MS - Public Law No: 111-5, enacted February 2009, makes supplemental appropriations for job preservation and creation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed, and State and local fiscal stabilization, for fiscal year ending September 30, 2009. AN - add UNITED STATES; coordinate with specific topic covered by the act /legis + FINANCING, GOVERNMENT /legis if pertinent; CATALOG: use NAF entry HN - 2010 MH - Amoebozoa UI - D056894 MN - B1.46 MS - A supergroup (some say phylum) of ameboid EUKARYOTES, comprising ARCHAMOEBAE; LOBOSEA; and MYCETOZOA. AN - general; prefer specifics; infection: coordinate with AMEBIASIS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Anetoderma UI - D057088 MN - C17.300.116 MN - C17.800.804.108 MS - Benign DERMATOSIS caused by a loss of dermal ELASTIC TISSUE resulting in localized sac-like areas of flaccid skin. It can be either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other skin conditions, PENICILLAMINE use, or premature birth. AN - do not confuse with CUTIS LAXA, mostly a genetic disease: both are described as "loose skin" HN - 2010 BX - Anetoderma, Primary FX - Cutis Laxa MH - Animal Assisted Therapy UI - D056447 MN - E2.779.124 MN - E2.831.83 MN - F4.754.17 MS - The use of live animal as a means of therapy HN - 2010 BX - Pet Facilitated Therapy BX - Pet Therapy MH - Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction UI - D056988 MN - C14.280.647.500.93 MN - C14.907.585.500.93 MS - MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial infarction is often caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It can be categorized as anteroseptal or anterolateral wall myocardial infarction. HN - 2010 BX - Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction BX - Anterolateral Myocardial Infarction BX - Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction BX - Myocardial Infarction, Anterior Wall MH - Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis UI - D056648 MN - C14.907.940.897.249 MN - C20.111.193 MS - Group of systemic vasculitis with a strong association with ANCA. The disorders are characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small and medium size vessels, with little or no immune-complex deposits in vessel walls. HN - 2010 BX - ANCA-Associated Vasculitides BX - ANCA-Associated Vasculitis BX - Pauci-Immune Vasculitis MH - Antibodies, Neutralizing UI - D057134 MN - D12.776.124.486.485.114.244 MN - D12.776.124.790.651.114.244 MN - D12.776.377.715.548.114.244 MS - Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. AN - do not coordinate with ANTIBODY FORMATION for /biosyn HN - 2010 BX - Neutralizing Antibodies FX - Neutralization Tests MH - Apexification UI - D056624 MN - E6.397.778.188 MS - Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS are used to repair open apex or DENTAL PULP NECROSIS in an immature tooth. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and mineral trioxide aggregate are commonly used as the filling materials. HN - 2010; use ROOT CANAL APEXIFICATION 2008-2009 BX - Apexogenesis MH - Apitherapy UI - D056705 MN - E2.46 MS - The medical use of honey bee products such as BEE VENOM; HONEY; bee pollen; PROPOLIS; and royal jelly. HN - 2010 FX - Bees FX - Honey MH - Archamoebae UI - D056896 MN - B1.46.60 MS - A group (some say infraphylum) of AMOEBOZOA that lack mitochondria. AN - infection: coordinate IM with AMEBIASIS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc.) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Argininosuccinic Aciduria UI - D056807 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.937.124 MN - C16.320.565.100.940.124 MN - C16.320.565.189.937.124 MN - C18.452.132.100.937.124 MN - C18.452.648.100.940.124 MN - C18.452.648.189.937.124 MS - Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid in body fluids and severe HYPERAMMONEMIA. Clinical features of the neonatal onset of the disorder include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, tachypnea, coma, and death. Later onset results in milder set of clinical features including vomiting, failure to thrive, irritability, behavioral problems, or psychomotor retardation. Mutations in the ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE gene cause the disorder. HN - 2010 BX - Arginino Succinase Deficiency FX - Argininosuccinate Lyase MH - ARNTL Transcription Factors UI - D056930 MN - D12.644.128.49 MN - D12.776.189.100 MN - D12.776.260.103.249 MN - D12.776.930.125.249 MS - Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. They combine with CLOCK PROTEINS to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation. HN - 2010(1997) MH - Aspartic Acid Proteases UI - D057055 MN - D8.811.277.656.74 MS - A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity. HN - 2010; use ASPARTIC ACID ENDOPEPTIDASES 1991-2009 BX - Aspartic Acid Proteinases BX - Aspartic Proteinases BX - Aspartyl Proteinases MH - Asthma, Aspirin-Induced UI - D055963 MN - C8.127.108.54 MN - C8.674.95.54 MN - C20.543.206.189 MN - C20.543.480.149 MS - Asthmatic adverse reaction (e.g., BRONCHOCONSTRICTION) to conventional NSAIDS including aspirin use. HN - 2010 BX - Aspirin Induced Asthma BX - Aspirin-Induced Asthma BX - Aspirin-Induced Asthma Syndrome BX - Asthma, NSAID-induced MH - Athletes UI - D056352 MN - M1.72 MS - Individuals who have developed skills, physical stamina and strength or participants in SPORTS or other physical activities. HN - 2010 MH - ATP-Dependent Endopeptidases UI - D057065 MN - D8.811.277.656.149.99 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.65 MS - Endoproteases that contain proteolytic core domains and ATPase-containing regulatory domains. HN - 2010; use ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEASES 2005-2009 MH - Austria-Hungary UI - D057235 MN - Z1.586.117 MS - A dual monarchy formed in 1867. It included AUSTRIA; HUNGARY; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; Moravia, Bukovina, Transylvania, Carniola, Kustenland, Dalmatia, CROATIA; Fiume, and Galicia. HN - 2010 MH - Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome UI - D056735 MN - C15.604.515.138 MN - C16.320.89 MN - C20.111.288 MN - C20.683.515.124 MS - Rare congenital lymphoid disorder due to mutations in certain Fas-Fas ligand pathway genes. Known causes include mutations in FAS, TNFSF6, NRAS, CASP8, and CASP10 proteins. Clinical features include LYMPHADENOPATHY; SPLENOMEGALY; and AUTOIMMUNITY. HN - 2010 BX - Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Type 1, Autosomal Dominant BX - Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Type 2B BX - Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Type 2B (ALPS2B) BX - Canale Smith Syndrome BX - Caspase 8 Deficiency BX - Caspase-8 Deficiency FX - Antigens, CD95 FX - Caspase 10 FX - Caspase 8 FX - Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein MH - Automation, Laboratory UI - D057205 MN - E5.64 MN - J1.897.104.416 MS - Controlled operations of analytic or diagnostic processes, or systems by mechanical or electronic devices. HN - 2010 MH - Axonemal Dyneins UI - D056444 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.193.249.500 MS - Dyneins that are responsible for ciliary and flagellar beating. HN - 2010 MH - Bacillales UI - D056449 MN - B3.510.100 MS - An order of GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA in the class Bacilli, phylum Firmacutes. HN - 2010 MH - Bacterial Shedding UI - D057138 MN - G7.700.85 MS - The expelling of bacteria from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. HN - 2010 MH - Bacterial Structures UI - D056226 MN - A20 MS - The parts of bacteria. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2010 MH - Barth Syndrome UI - D056889 MN - C14.240.400.172 MN - C14.280.400.172 MN - C16.131.77.121 MN - C16.131.240.400.172 MN - C16.320.322.68 MN - C16.320.565.398.224 MN - C18.452.648.398.224 MS - Rare congenital X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism. Barth syndrome is transmitted in an X-linked recessive pattern. The syndrome is characterized by muscular weakness, growth retardation, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, variable NEUTROPENIA, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (type II) and decreases in mitochondrial CARDIOLIPIN level. Other biochemical and morphological mitochondrial abnormalities also exist. HN - 2010 BX - 3-methylglutaconicaciduria type 2 BX - 3-methylglutaconicaciduria type II BX - MGA type II FX - Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium MH - Beekeeping UI - D056630 MN - J1.40.207 MS - The management and maintenance of colonies of honeybees. HN - 2010 BX - Apiculture MH - Behind-the-Counter Drugs UI - D056864 MN - D26.530.500 MS - Medicines that are stocked behind the counter of a pharmacy which require the attention or counsel of a pharmacist before being dispensed or handed over to a consumer or patient. AN - OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS see NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS is also available. HN - 2010 FX - Prescription Drugs MH - Binge-Eating Disorder UI - D056912 MN - F3.375.175 MS - A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994) HN - 2010; use BULIMIA NERVOSA 2000-2009 MH - Bioengineering UI - D057005 MN - J1.293.69 MS - The application of engineering principles and methods to living organisms or biological systems. HN - 2010 BX - Bio-Engineering MH - Biofouling UI - D057219 MN - G16.500.240.102 MN - N6.850.460.150 MN - N6.850.540.500 MS - Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made surfaces. HN - 2010 FX - Biofilms MH - Biofuels UI - D056804 MN - D20.147 MN - N6.230.132.128 MS - Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS). AN - do not confuse with BIOFUEL CELLS see BIOELECTRIC ENERGY SOURCES HN - 2010 MH - Biometric Identification UI - D056667 MN - E5.318.740.225.500 MN - L1.725.249 MN - N4.452.910.99 MS - A method of differentiating individuals based on the analysis of qualitative or quantitative biological traits or patterns. This process which has applications in forensics and identity theft prevention includes DNA profiles or DNA fingerprints, hand fingerprints, automated facial recognition, iris scan, hand geometry, retinal scan, vascular patterns, automated voice pattern recognition, and ultrasound of fingers. HN - 2010 FX - Dermatoglyphics FX - Forensic Anthropology FX - Forensic Medicine MH - Biostatistics UI - D056808 MN - E5.318.740.237 MS - The application of STATISTICS to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collection, analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data. HN - 2010 MH - Blogging UI - D057218 MN - L1.224.230.110.500.500 MS - Using an INTERNET based personal journal which may consist of reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks. HN - 2010 MH - Body Dysmorphic Disorders UI - D057215 MN - F3.875.149 MS - SOMATOFORM DISORDERS characterized by preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance not of delusional intensity but severe enough to impair social or occupational functioning. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1994) HN - 2010 MH - CA1 Region, Hippocampal UI - D056547 MN - A8.186.211.464.405.99 MN - A8.186.211.730.885.287.500.345.99 MS - One of four subsections of the hippocampus described by Lorente de No, located furthest from the DENTATE GYRUS. AN - note entry term CA1 PYRAMIDAL CELL AREA: coordinate with PYRAMIDAL CELLS if pertinent HN - 2010 FX - Pyramidal Cells MH - CA2 Region, Hippocampal UI - D056651 MN - A8.186.211.464.405.149 MN - A8.186.211.730.885.287.500.345.149 MS - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS CA1 FIELD and the HIPPOCAMPUS CA3 FIELD. AN - note entry term CA2 PYRAMIDAL CELL AREA: coordinate with PYRAMIDAL CELLS if pertinent HN - 2010 FX - Pyramidal Cells MH - CA3 Region, Hippocampal UI - D056654 MN - A8.186.211.464.405.174 MN - A8.186.211.730.885.287.500.345.174 MS - A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS CA2 FIELD and the DENTATE GYRUS. AN - note entry term CA3 PYRAMIDAL CELL AREA: coordinate with PYRAMIDAL CELLS if pertinent HN - 2010 FX - Pyramidal Cells MH - Capacity Building UI - D057191 MN - N2.138 MN - N4.452.105 MS - Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures, within organizations and among different organizations and sectors to meet present and future needs. HN - 2010 MH - Carney Complex UI - D056733 MN - C4.557.450.565.550.312 MN - C4.588.894.309.500 MN - C14.280.459.500 MN - C16.131.77.229 MN - C16.131.831.108 MS - Autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by cardiac and cutaneous MYXOMAS; LENTIGINOSIS (spotty pigmentation of the skin), and endocrinopathy and its associated endocrine tumors. The cardiac myxomas may lead to SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH and other complications in Carney complex patients. The gene coding for the PRKAR1A protein is one of the causative genetic loci (type 1). A second locus is at chromosome 2p16 (type 2). HN - 2010 BX - Carney Complex, Type 2 BX - Carney Complex, Type II BX - Carney Myxoma-Endocrine Complex BX - Carney Syndrome BX - LAMB Syndrome BX - Myxoma, Spotty Pigmentation, and Endocrine Overactivity BX - NAME Syndrome MH - Carnobacteriaceae UI - D056568 MN - B3.510.550.130 MS - A family of gram-positive, lactic acid-producing bacteria in the order LACTOBACILLALES. It includes both high-pressure-loving species (piezophiles) found in the deep ocean and Antarctic species. HN - 2010 MH - Carnobacterium UI - D056573 MN - B3.510.550.130.150 MS - A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family CARNOBACTERIACEAE. They are tolerant to freezing/thawing and high pressure and able to grow at low temperatures. HN - 2010 MH - Cathepsin F UI - D056646 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.300 MN - D8.811.277.656.262.500.146 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.200.146 MS - A lysosomal papain-related cysteine proteinase that is expressed in a broad variety of cell types. HN - 2010(1998) MH - Cathepsin G UI - D056649 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.350 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.66 MN - D8.811.277.656.959.350.66 MS - A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C. HN - 2010(1980) MH - Cathepsin H UI - D056655 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.400 MN - D8.811.277.656.262.500.153 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.200.153 MS - An ubiquitously-expressed lysosomal cysteine protease that is involved in protein processing. The enzyme has both endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activities. HN - 2010(1980) MH - Cathepsin K UI - D056657 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.405 MN - D8.811.277.656.262.500.156 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.200.156 MS - A cysteine protease that is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS and plays an essential role in BONE RESORPTION as a potent EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX-degrading enzyme. AN - Cathepsin X, an obsolete multi-meaning term appearing in older literature goes here or at CATHEPSIN Z: check text; Cathepsin O and Cathepsin O2 in older literature go here. HN - 2010(1984) MH - Cathepsin L UI - D056668 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.407 MN - D8.811.277.656.262.500.157 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.200.157 MS - A ubiquitously-expressed cysteine protease that plays an enzymatic role in POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN PROCESSING of proteins within SECRETORY GRANULES. HN - 2010(1980) MH - Cathepsin W UI - D056664 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.417 MN - D8.811.277.656.262.500.158 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.200.158 MS - A cysteine endopeptidase found in NATURAL KILLER CELLS and CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES. It may have a specific function in the mechanism or regulation of cytolytic activity of immune cells. HN - 2010(1997) MH - Cathepsin Z UI - D056663 MN - D8.811.277.656.224.425 MN - D8.811.277.656.262.249 MN - D8.811.277.656.350.245.270 MS - A ubiquitously-expressed cysteine peptidase that exhibits carboxypeptidase activity. It is highly expressed in a variety of immune cell types and may play a role in inflammatory processes and immune responses. AN - Cathepsin X, an obsolete multi-meaning term appearing in older literature goes here or at CATHEPSIN K: check text HN - 2010(1984); use CATHEPSIN K 1984-2009 MH - Cathode Ray Tube UI - D055984 MN - E7.305.92 MS - A vacuum tube equipped with an electron emitting CATHODE and a fluorescent screen which emits visible light when excited by the cathode ray. Cathode ray tubes are used as imaging devises for TELEVISIONS; COMPUTER TERMINALS; TEXT TELECOMMUNICATION DEVICES; oscilloscopes; and other DATA DISPLAY devices. HN - 2010; for CATHODE RAYS use BETA RAYS 1985-2009, RADIATION, IONIZING 1976-1984, use RADIATION 1963-1975; for CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY see DATA DISPLAY 1991-2009 BX - Cathode Ray Tube Display BX - Cathode Rays MH - Central Serous Chorioretinopathy UI - D056833 MN - C11.768.175 MS - A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium. HN - 2010 MH - Cercozoa UI - D056907 MN - B1.680.150 MS - A group of amoeboid and flagellate EUKARYOTES in the supergroup RHIZARIA. They feed by means of threadlike pseudopods. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Cervical Rib UI - D057070 MN - A2.835.232.904.567.150 MS - A supernumerary rib developing from an abnormal enlargement of the costal element of the C7 vertebra. This anomaly is found in 1-2% of the population and can put pressure on adjacent structures causing CERVICAL RIB SYNDROME; THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; or other conditions. HN - 2010 FX - Cervical Rib Syndrome FX - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome MH - Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 UI - D056404 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.142.750.500 MN - D12.776.580.216.210.795.500 MS - A group II chaperonin found in eukaryotic CYTOSOL. It is comprised of eight subunits with each subunit encoded by a separate gene. This chaperonin is named after one of its subunits which is a T-COMPLEX REGION-encoded polypeptide. HN - 2010 MH - Checklist UI - D057189 MN - N5.715.360.300.179 MS - Aid for consistent recording of data such as tasks completed and observations noted. HN - 2010 MH - Chemistry, Analytic UI - D056246 MN - H1.181.309 MS - The branch of chemistry dealing with detection (qualitative) and determination (quantitative) of substances. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) AN - SPEC: TN 37; never use as substitute for or reinforcement of /anal: Manual 19.7+, 19.10+, 29.8; as SPEC, SPEC qualif; do not use as NIM coord with specific substance; DF: CHEM ANAL HN - 2010 FX - Chemistry, Clinical MH - Child Restraint Systems UI - D057207 MN - E7.490.249 MN - E7.700.175 MN - J1.637.708.175 MS - Devices used to protect and restrain infant and child automotive passengers. HN - 2010 FX - Seat Belts MH - Choanoflagellata UI - D056897 MN - B1.175 MS - An order of stalked, sessile, single-celled EUKARYOTES. They are considered the transitional link between the flagellated protozoa and the SPONGES, the most primitive metazoans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc.) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 UI - D056504 MN - D12.776.580.219.200 MS - A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. It is comprised of three different subunits of 48, 60, and 150 kDa molecular size. The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Chromatography, Reverse-Phase UI - D056148 MN - E5.196.181.400.495 MS - A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase. AN - coordinate with specific type of chromatography HN - 2010 BX - Chromatography, Reversed-Phase Liquid BX - Reversed-Phase Chromatography BX - Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography MH - Chromosome Breakpoints UI - D056905 MN - G5.355.180.210.170.500 MS - The locations in specific DNA sequences where CHROMOSOME BREAKS have occurred. HN - 2010 BX - Chromosome Breakpoint MH - Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins UI - D056925 MN - D12.644.128 MN - D12.776.189 MS - A broad category of proteins that regulate the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM of an organism. Included here are proteins that transmit intracellular and intercellular signals in a chronological manner along with proteins that sense light and time-dependent changes in the environment such as the PHOTOPERIOD. HN - 2010 BX - Circadian Clock Proteins and Peptides MH - Claudins UI - D057167 MN - D12.776.543.196 MS - A large family of transmembrane proteins found in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. They take part in the formation of paracellular barriers and pores that regulate paracellular permeability. HN - 2010 MH - Climate Change UI - D057231 MN - G16.500.240.135.374 MS - Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities. HN - 2010 MH - Clinical Alarms UI - D056902 MN - E7.230.200 MS - Components of medical instrumentation used for physiological evaluation of patients, that signal when a threshold value is reached. HN - 2010 MH - CLOCK Proteins UI - D056926 MN - D8.811.913.50.134.407.49 MN - D12.644.128.100 MN - D12.776.189.200 MN - D12.776.260.103.562 MN - D12.776.930.125.562 MS - Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that contain intrinsic HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE activity and play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. Clock proteins combine with Arntl proteins to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation. This transcriptional activation also sets into motion a time-dependent feedback loop which in turn down-regulates the expression of clock proteins. HN - 2010(1997) MH - Co-Repressor Proteins UI - D056970 MN - D12.776.930.700.625 MS - A subclass of repressor proteins that do not directly bind DNA. Instead, co-repressors generally act via their interaction with DNA-BINDING PROTEINS such as a TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING FACTORS or NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. HN - 2010 MH - Cogan Syndrome UI - D055952 MN - C10.292.910.299 MN - C11.180 MN - C14.907.940.320 MS - A condition consisting of inflammatory eye disease usually presenting as interstitial KERATITIS, vestibuloauditory dysfunction, and large- to medium-vessel vasculitis. HN - 2010 MH - Colloid Cysts UI - D056364 MN - C4.182.199 MN - C4.588.614.250.387.200 MN - C10.500.142.200 MN - C10.551.240.375.200 MN - C16.131.666.142.200 MS - Benign, congenital, neuroepithelial cysts that are typically filled with a viscous mucus. They usually arise in the anterior portion of the THIRD VENTRICLE between the fornices. HN - 2010 MH - Colony Collapse UI - D056631 MN - G16.100.200 MS - The sudden collapse and disappearance or diminution of a colony of organisms. AN - coordinate with BEES or other organism HN - 2010 BX - Colony Collapse Disorder MH - Commotio Cordis UI - D056104 MN - C14.280.67.441 MS - A sudden CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA (e.g., VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION) caused by a blunt, non-penetrating impact to the precordial region of chest wall. Commotio cordis often results in sudden death without prompt cardiopulmonary defibrillation. HN - 2010 BX - Cardiac Concussion FX - Death, Sudden, Cardiac MH - Comparative Effectiveness Research UI - D057186 MN - N5.425.157 MS - Conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The purpose of this research is to inform patients, providers, and decision-makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances. (hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/draftdefinition.html accessed 6/12/2009) HN - 2010 MH - Compassionate Use Trials UI - D057176 MN - E2.931.500 MN - E5.337.300.199 MS - Providing an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a clinical trial, but who has a serious or life-threatening illness for which other treatments are not available. Compassionate use trials allow patients to receive promising but not yet fully studied or approved therapies when no other treatment option exists. Also called expanded access trial. HN - 2010 MH - Consciousness Monitors UI - D056805 MN - E7.858.195 MS - Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG. HN - 2010 FX - Monitoring, Intraoperative MH - Contrecoup Injury UI - D056886 MN - C10.900.300.87.125.249 MN - C21.866.224 MN - C21.866.260.118.150.249 MN - C21.866.915.300.200.150.249 MS - An injury in which the damage is located on the opposite side of the primary impact site. A blow to the back of head which results in contrecoup injury to the frontal lobes of the brain is the most common type. HN - 2010 BX - Contre-coup Injury MH - Coordination Complexes UI - D056831 MN - D1.234 MN - D1.632.214 MN - D2.256 MN - D2.691.214 MS - Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. A coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged. HN - 2010 FX - Chelating Agents MH - Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss UI - D055954 MN - C11.204.278 MN - C23.550.767.93 MS - Loss of CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM usually following intraocular surgery (e.g., cataract surgery) or due to FUCHS' ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHY; ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA; IRITIS; or aging. HN - 2010 BX - Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage BX - Endothelial Cell Loss, Corneal MH - Corneal Perforation UI - D057112 MN - C11.204.365 MN - C21.866.260.275.250.270.500 MS - A puncture or hole through the CORNEAL STROMA resulting from various diseases or trauma. HN - 2010 MH - Corneal Wavefront Aberration UI - D057108 MN - C11.204.431 MN - C11.744.345 MS - Asymmetries in the topography and refractive index of the corneal surface that affect visual acuity. HN - 2010 FX - Aberrometry MH - Corpse Dismemberment UI - D056146 MN - C21.866.986.111 MN - C23.550.260.224.200 MN - I1.198.240.194 MS - Disjoining the limbs or other parts of a corpse, often in association with criminal acts. HN - 2010 MH - Costello Syndrome UI - D056685 MN - C5.660.207.219 MN - C16.131.77.256 MN - C16.320.185 MS - Rare congenital disorder with multiple anomalies including: characteristic dysmorphic craniofacial features, musculoskeletal abnormalities, neurocognitive delay, and high prevalence of cancer. Germline mutations in H-Ras protein can cause Costello syndrome. Costello syndrome shows early phenotypic overlap with other disorders that involve MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM (e.g., NOONAN SYNDROME and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome). HN - 2010 BX - Faciocutaneoskeletal Syndrome FX - Genes, ras FX - Noonan Syndrome FX - Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) MH - Criminals UI - D057237 MN - M1.142 MS - Persons who have committed a crime or have been convicted of a crime. HN - 2010 MH - Cross Protection UI - D056738 MN - G12.450.275 MS - Protection conferred on a host by inoculation with one strain or component of a microorganism that prevents infection when later challenged with a similar strain. Most commonly the microorganism is a virus. AN - do not confuse with CROSS REACTIONS HN - 2010 MH - Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes UI - D056587 MN - C16.320.382.500 MN - C17.800.827.368.500 MS - A group of rare autosomal dominant diseases, commonly characterized by atypical URTICARIA (hives) with systemic symptoms that develop into end-organ damage. The atypical hives do not involve T-cell or autoantibody. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome includes three previously distinct disorders: Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome; Muckle-Wells Syndrome; and CINCA Syndrome, that are now considered to represent a disease continuum, all caused by NLRP3 protein mutations. HN - 2010 BX - Chronic Infantile Neurological, Cutaneous, and Articular Syndrome BX - CINCA Syndrome BX - Cryopyrinopathy BX - Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome BX - Familial Cold Urticaria BX - Infantile Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease BX - IOMID BX - Muckle-Wells Syndrome BX - Multisystem Inflammatory Disease, Neonatal-Onset BX - Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease BX - NOMID MH - Cryptochromes UI - D056931 MN - D12.644.128.150 MN - D12.776.189.250 MN - D12.776.331.180 MN - D12.776.765.593.500 MS - Flavoproteins that function as circadian rhythm signaling proteins in ANIMALS and as blue-light photoreceptors in PLANTS. They are structurally-related to DNA PHOTOLYASES and it is believed that both classes of proteins may have originated from an earlier protein that played a role in protecting primitive organisms from the cyclical exposure to UV LIGHT. HN - 2010(1990) BX - Cryptochrome Proteins MH - Cryptococcus gattii UI - D056285 MN - B1.300.381.258.300 MN - B1.300.930.316.300 MS - A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CRYPTOCOCCOSIS (IM) HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin A1 UI - D056750 MN - D12.644.360.262.100.100 MN - D12.776.167.218.100.100 MN - D12.776.476.262.100.100 MS - A cyclin A subtype primarily found in male GERM CELLS. It may play a role in the passage of SPERMATOCYTES into meiosis I. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin A2 UI - D056751 MN - D12.644.360.262.100.200 MN - D12.776.167.218.100.200 MN - D12.776.476.262.100.200 MS - A widely-expressed cyclin A subtype that functions during the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the CELL CYCLE. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin B1 UI - D056744 MN - D12.644.360.262.120.100 MN - D12.776.167.218.120.100 MN - D12.776.476.262.120.100 MS - A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. HN - 2010(1996) MH - Cyclin B2 UI - D056765 MN - D12.644.360.262.120.200 MN - D12.776.167.218.120.200 MN - D12.776.476.262.120.200 MS - A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with GOLGI APPARATUS during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin C UI - D056745 MN - D5.500.374.249 MN - D12.644.360.24.304.249 MN - D12.644.360.262.135 MN - D12.776.157.57.62.249 MN - D12.776.167.218.135 MN - D12.776.476.24.388.249 MN - D12.776.476.262.135 MN - D12.776.660.551.249 MS - A cyclin subtype that binds to the CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 3 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8. Cyclin C plays a dual role as a transcriptional regulator and a G1 phase CELL CYCLE regulator. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin D UI - D056741 MN - D12.644.360.262.150 MN - D12.776.167.218.150 MN - D12.776.476.262.150 MS - A cyclin subtype that is specific for CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 6. Unlike most cyclins, cyclin D expression is not cyclical, but rather it is expressed in response to proliferative signals. Cyclin D may therefore play a role in cellular responses to mitogenic signals. HN - 2010(1996) MH - Cyclin D2 UI - D056742 MN - D12.644.360.262.150.200 MN - D12.776.167.218.150.200 MN - D12.776.476.262.150.200 MS - A cyclin D subtype which is regulated by GATA4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D2 in granulosa cell proliferation and gonadal development. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin D3 UI - D056743 MN - D12.644.360.262.150.300 MN - D12.776.167.218.150.300 MN - D12.776.476.262.150.300 MS - A broadly expressed type D cyclin. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D3 in LYMPHOCYTE development. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin G UI - D056746 MN - D12.644.360.262.200 MN - D12.776.167.218.200 MN - D12.776.476.262.200 MS - A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5; cyclin G associated kinase, and PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2. HN - 2010(1993) MH - Cyclin G1 UI - D056766 MN - D12.644.360.262.200.100 MN - D12.776.167.218.200.100 MN - D12.776.476.262.200.100 MS - A cyclin G subtype that is constitutively expressed throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin G1 is considered a major transcriptional target of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53 and is highly induced in response to DNA damage. AN - a specific cyclin; not for cyclins present during G1 PHASE of the cell cycle HN - 2010(1993); for CYCLIN G1 use CYCLIN G 1993-2009 MH - Cyclin G2 UI - D056767 MN - D12.644.360.262.200.200 MN - D12.776.167.218.200.200 MN - D12.776.476.262.200.200 MS - An unusual cyclin subtype that is found highly expressed in terminally differentiated cells. Unlike conventional cyclins increased expression of cyclin G2 is believed to cause a withdrawal of cells from the CELL CYCLE. AN - a specific cyclin; not for cyclins present during G2 PHASE of the cell cycle HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin H UI - D056748 MN - D12.644.360.262.300 MN - D12.776.167.218.300 MN - D12.776.476.262.300 MS - A cyclin subtype that is found as a component of a heterotrimeric complex containing cyclin-dependent kinase 7 and CDK-activating kinase assembly factor. The complex plays a role in cellular proliferation by phosphorylating several CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASES at specific regulatory threonine sites. HN - 2010(1994) MH - Cyclin I UI - D056749 MN - D12.644.360.262.400 MN - D12.776.167.218.400 MN - D12.776.476.262.400 MS - A cyclin subtype that is found abundantly in post-mitotic tissues. In contrast to the classical cyclins, its level does not fluctuate during the cell cycle. HN - 2010(1996) MH - Cyclin T UI - D056906 MN - D12.644.360.262.700 MN - D12.776.167.218.700 MN - D12.776.476.262.700 MN - D12.776.930.955.500.249 MS - A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 9. Unlike traditional cyclins, which regulate the CELL CYCLE, type T cyclins appear to regulate transcription and are components of positive transcriptional elongation factor B. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3 UI - D056849 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.387 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.812 MN - D12.644.360.250.387 MN - D12.776.167.200.387 MN - D12.776.476.250.387 MS - A cyclin-dependent kinase that forms a complex with CYCLIN C and is active during the G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. It plays a role in the transition from G1 to S PHASE and in transcriptional regulation. HN - 2010 MH - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 UI - D056850 MN - D5.500.374.500 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.547 MN - D12.644.360.24.304.500 MN - D12.644.360.250.547 MN - D12.776.157.57.62.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.388.500 MN - D12.776.660.551.500 MS - A CYCLIN C dependent kinase that is an important component of the mediator complex. The enzyme is activated by its interaction with CYCLIN C and plays a role in transcriptional regulation by phosphorylating RNA POLYMERASE II. HN - 2010 MH - Cysteine Proteases UI - D057056 MN - D8.811.277.656.262 MS - A subclass of peptide hydrolases that depend on a CYSTEINE residue for their activity. AN - do not confuse with CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES HN - 2010, 1988-1999; use CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES 2000-2009 BX - Cysteine Proteinases MH - Cytoplasmic Dyneins UI - D056445 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.193.249.750 MS - Dyneins that are responsible for intracellular transport, MITOSIS, cell polarization, and movement within the cell. HN - 2010 MH - Data Mining UI - D057225 MN - L1.470.625 MN - L1.700.508.280.199 MS - Use of sophisticated analysis tools to sort through, organize, examine, and combine large sets of information. HN - 2010 MH - DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor UI - D057137 MN - D12.776.826.209.59 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.59 MN - D12.776.930.700.625.186 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor that is implicated in regulation of steroidogenic pathways. It is unlike most orphan nuclear receptors in that it appears to lack an essential DNA-binding domain and instead acts as a transcriptional co-repressor. Mutations in the gene Dax-1 cause congenital adrenal hypoplasia. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Decompressive Craniectomy UI - D056424 MN - E4.188.200 MN - E4.525.190.200 MS - Excision of part of the skull. This procedure is used to treat elevated intracranial pressure that is unresponsive to conventional treatment. HN - 2010 MH - Delayed Diagnosis UI - D057210 MN - E1.110 MS - Non-optimal interval of time between onset of symptoms, identification, and initiation of treatment. AN - DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS is also available HN - 2010 BX - Late Diagnosis MH - Democratic People's Republic of Korea UI - D056911 MN - Z1.252.474.557.500 MS - A country located on the Korean Peninsula whose capital is Pyongyang. The country was established September 9, 1948. HN - 2010 BX - North Korea MH - Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment UI - D057087 MN - E6.70 MS - Treatment modality for DENTAL CARIES that uses manual excavation method and GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS. Because of its noninvasiveness and no need for expensive equipment and anesthesia it is promoted as an approach in places where dental care is not readily available. HN - 2010 BX - Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, Dental MH - Dentin Desensitizing Agents UI - D057133 MN - D27.505.696.663.850.14.640 MN - D27.505.954.427.40.437 MS - Substances which reduce or eliminate dentinal sensitivity or the pain associated with a source of stimulus (such as touch, heat, or cold) at the orifice of exposed dentinal tubules causing the movement of tubular fluid that in turn stimulates tooth nerve receptors. HN - 2010 MH - Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty UI - D057111 MN - E4.540.825.374.112 MN - E4.936.580.262 MS - A surgical procedure or KERATOPLASTY involving selective stripping and replacement of diseased host DESCEMET MEMBRANE and CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM with a suitable and healthy donor posterior lamella. The advantage to this procedure is that the normal corneal surface of the recipient is retained, thereby avoiding corneal surface incisions and sutures. HN - 2010 MH - Diagnostic Test Approval UI - D057069 MN - E5.337.275.500 MN - N6.850.210.275.500 MS - The process of gaining approval by a government regulatory agency for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS AND TEST KITS. This includes any required preclinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance. HN - 2010 MH - Dicistroviridae UI - D056629 MN - B4.525.165 MN - B4.820.215 MN - B4.909.777.216 MS - A family of invertebrate RNA viruses in the order Picornavirales. HN - 2010 BX - Israeli acute paralysis virus of bees MH - Diffuse Neurofibrillary Tangles with Calcification UI - D055956 MN - C10.228.140.380.254 MN - C10.574.945.374 MN - F3.87.400.370 MS - A form of presenile DEMENTIA characterized by cortical dementia, NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES without SENILE PLAQUES, Fahr's type CALCINOSIS, and ATROPHY in frontotemporal or TEMPORAL LOBE. HN - 2010 FX - Neurofibrillary Tangles MH - Diffusion Tensor Imaging UI - D056324 MN - E1.370.350.500.150.500 MN - E1.370.376.224 MN - E5.278 MS - The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules. HN - 2010 BX - Diffusion Tractography MH - Distillation UI - D057168 MN - E5.196.155.249 MS - A chemical process for separating the components of a liquid mixture by boiling and collecting condensed vapors. HN - 2010 MH - DNA Copy Number Variations UI - D056915 MN - G5.365.795.297.500 MS - Stretches of genomic DNA that exist in different multiples between individuals. Many copy number variations have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to disease. HN - 2010 FX - Gene Dosage MH - Donohue Syndrome UI - D056731 MN - C5.660.207.325 MN - C16.131.77.313 MN - C16.320.215 MN - C18.452.394.750.654 MN - C19.246.537 MS - Rare autosomal recessive syndrome of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the binding domain of INSULIN RECEPTOR. Clinical features include severe intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, characteristic dysmorphic FACIES; HIRSUTISM; VIRILIZATION; multiple endocrine abnormalities, and early death. HN - 2010 BX - Leprechaunism BX - Mendenhall Syndrome BX - Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome FX - Insulin Resistance FX - Receptor, Insulin MH - Drug Recalls UI - D056736 MN - I1.880.604.605.250.625 MN - N4.452.706.310.500 MN - N6.850.210.637.200 MS - Removal of a drug from the market due to a problem occurring in the manufacture or distribution of the product. AN - SAFETY-BASED DRUG WITHDRAWALS is also available HN - 2010; for DRUG RECALL use DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL 1992-2009 BX - Drug Recall FX - Safety-Based Drug Withdrawals MH - Drug-Induced Liver Injury UI - D056486 MN - C6.552.195 MN - C21.613.260 MS - A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment. AN - coordinate IM with specific drug /adv eff/pois or /tox (IM); DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY, CHRONIC is also available HN - 2010 BX - Liver Injury, Drug-Induced MH - Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Chronic UI - D056487 MN - C6.552.195.200 MN - C21.613.260.200 MS - Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse drug effect. The adverse effect may result from a direct toxic effect of a drug or metabolite, or an idiosyncratic response to a drug or metabolite. AN - coordinate IM with specific drug /adv eff /pois or/ tox (IM); DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY is also available HN - 2010 BX - Chronic Drug-Induced Liver Injury BX - Liver Injury, Drug-Induced, Chronic MH - Early Termination of Clinical Trials UI - D057239 MN - E5.337.250.432 MN - E5.581.500.400 MN - N4.761.559.590.800.379 MN - N5.715.360.575.575.800.379 MS - Earlier than planned termination of clinical trials. HN - 2010 MH - Earth Sciences UI - D056448 MN - H1.277 MS - Fields of science encompassing studies and research from the disciplines of PHYSICS; CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; and MATHEMATICS; that are related to the planet EARTH. Subfields include atmospheric chemistry; CLIMATOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; GEOGRAPHY; GEOLOGY; geophysics; METEOROLOGY; OCEANOGRAPHY; PALEONTOLOGY; mineralogy; and seismology. AN - use for the discipline (education, history, etc) only HN - 2010 MH - Eccrine Porocarcinoma UI - D057090 MN - C4.557.470.200.25.500 MS - A rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands. It most often develops as a form of degenerative progression from a benign ECCRINE POROMA. AN - coordinate IM with SWEAT GLAND NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2010 BX - Malignant Eccrine Poroma MH - Economic Development UI - D057217 MN - I1.261.262 MN - N3.219.206 MS - Mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and or natural resources to generate goods and services. HN - 2010; use ECONOMICS 1978-2009 MH - Economic Recession UI - D057172 MN - I1.261.425 MS - Significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. (National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, www.nber.org/cycles.html, accessed 4/23/2009) HN - 2010; use ECONOMICS 1990-2009 BX - Recession, Economic MH - Electrocardiogram Pattern UI - D056425 MN - E1.370.370.380.240.165 MN - E1.370.405.240.165 MS - Size, shape, and length of ECG parts, including waves, intervals, duration, and segments. Some heart-related conditions can be characterized by specific set of electrocardiogram patterns. HN - 2010 BX - ECG Appearance BX - ECG Pattern BX - Electrocardiogram Appearance MH - Electronic Health Records UI - D057286 MN - E5.318.308.940.968.625.500 MS - Media that facilitate transportability of pertinent information concerning patient's illness across varied providers and geographic locations. Some versions include direct linkages to online consumer health information that is relevant to the health conditions and treatments related to a specific patient. HN - 2010 BX - Electronic Medical Record BX - Electronic Medical Records MH - Emotional Intelligence UI - D056348 MN - F1.752.543.500 MS - The ability to understand and manage emotions and to use emotional knowledge to enhance thought and deal effectively with tasks. Components of emotional intelligence include empathy, self-motivation, self-awareness, self-regulation, and social skill. Emotional intelligence is a measurement of one's ability to socialize or relate to others. HN - 2010 BX - Social Intelligence FX - Interpersonal Relations MH - Endangered Species UI - D056727 MN - B1.50.50.565 MN - G16.500.249.49.250 MN - J1.256.214 MN - N6.230.80.200 MN - N6.230.124.49.250 MS - An animal or plant species in danger of extinction. Causes can include human activity, changing climate, or change in predator/prey ratios. HN - 2010 BX - Threatened Species FX - Extinction, Biological MH - Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport UI - D056827 MN - D5.500.199 MN - D12.776.543.990.493 MS - A set of protein subcomplexes involved in PROTEIN SORTING of UBIQUITINATED PROTEINS into intraluminal vesicles of MULTIVESICULAR BODIES and in membrane scission during formation of intraluminal vesicles, during the final step of CYTOKINESIS, and during the budding of enveloped viruses. The ESCRT machinery is comprised of the protein products of Class E vacuolar protein sorting genes. HN - 2010 MH - Endosperm UI - D056625 MN - A18.24.500.750.666 MS - Nutritive tissue of the seeds of flowering plants that surrounds the EMBRYOS. It is produced by a parallel process of fertilization in which a second male gamete from the pollen grain fuses with two female nuclei within the embryo sac. The endosperm varies in ploidy and contains reserves of starch, oils, and proteins, making it an important source of human nutrition. HN - 2010 FX - Plant Oils FX - Plant Proteins FX - Starch MH - Enterococcaceae UI - D056569 MN - B3.510.550.250 HN - 2010 BX - Tetragenococcus MH - Enzyme Assays UI - D057075 MN - E5.196.427 MS - Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer. HN - 2010 MH - Enzyme Replacement Therapy UI - D056947 MN - E2.319.353 MS - Therapeutic replacement or supplementation of defective or missing enzymes to alleviate the effects of the enzyme deficiency (e.g., GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE replacement for GAUCHER DISEASE). AN - coordinate with specific enzyme / ther use HN - 2010 MH - Epicardial Mapping UI - D056149 MN - E1.370.370.380.245.500 MS - Recording the locations and measurements of electrical activity in the EPICARDIUM by placing electrodes on the surface of the heart to analyze the patterns of activation and to locate arrhythmogenic sites. HN - 2010 MH - Equine-Assisted Therapy UI - D056147 MN - E2.779.124.500 MN - E2.831.83.500 MN - F4.754.17.500 MS - Therapy assisted by the use of a horse and/or its movement, including equine-assisted psychotherapy, horseback riding, and hippotherapy. HN - 2010 BX - Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy BX - Hippotherapy BX - Horseback Riding Therapy BX - Recreational Horseback Riding Therapy MH - Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis UI - D056266 MN - C16.320.850.337 MN - C17.800.229.606 MN - C17.800.428.304 MN - C17.800.827.337 MS - An autosomal dominant skin disease characterized by transient and variable noninflammatory ERYTHEMA and hyperkeratosis. It has been associated with mutations in the genes that code for CONNEXINS. Erythrokeratodermia variabilis inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion has also been reported. Affected individuals often develop PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA. HN - 2010 BX - Erythro Et Keratodermia Variabilis BX - Erythrokeratodermia Figurata Variabilis BX - Greither Disease BX - Mendes De Costa Syndrome BX - Transgrediens Et Progrediens Palmoplantar Keratoderma FX - Keratoderma, Palmoplantar MH - Euglenozoa UI - D056898 MN - B1.268 MS - A large group of flagellated EUKARYOTES found in both free-living and parasitic forms. The flagella are present in pairs and contain unique paraxonemal rods. AN - infection = EUGLENOZOA INFECTIONS; coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Euglenozoa Infections UI - D056986 MN - C3.752.300 MS - Infections with the protozoa of the phylum EUGLENOZOA. HN - 2010 MH - Eukaryota UI - D056890 MN - B1 MS - One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; various ALGAE, and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista. AN - do not confuse with EUKARYOTIC CELLS HN - 2010 BX - Eukaryotes MH - Excitation Contraction Coupling UI - D056966 MN - G2.111.87.800.800.100.500 MN - G4.299.880.199 MN - G11.427.590.540.235 MS - A process fundamental to muscle physiology whereby an electrical stimulus or action potential triggers a myocyte to depolarize and contract. This mechanical muscle contraction response is regulated by entry of calcium ions into the cell. HN - 2010 MH - Executive Function UI - D056344 MN - F2.463.217 MS - A set of cognitive functions that controls complex, goal-directed thought and behavior. Executive function involves multiple domains, such as CONCEPT FORMATION, goal management, cognitive flexibility, INHIBITION control, and WORKING MEMORY. Impaired executive function is seen in a range of disorders, e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; and ADHD. HN - 2010 BX - Executive Control FX - Attention FX - Memory FX - Problem Solving MH - Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing UI - D057169 MN - F4.754.137.506.162 MS - A technique that induces the processing of disturbing memories and experiences, by stimulating neural mechanisms that are similar to those activated during REM sleep. The technique consists of eye movements following side-to-side movements of the index and middle fingers, or the alternate tapping of the hands on the knees. This procedure triggers the processing of information, thus facilitating the connection of neural networks. HN - 2010 MH - Fast Foods UI - D057140 MN - J2.500.477 MS - Prepared food that is ready to eat or partially prepared food that has a final preparation time of a few minutes or less. HN - 2010 MH - Feedback, Sensory UI - D056228 MN - F4.754.137.301.500 MN - F4.754.308.500.500 MN - F4.754.339 MN - G7.700.360.732.500 MN - L1.143.283.425.311.500 MN - L1.143.283.425.624.750 MS - A mechanism of communicating one's own sensory system information about a task, movement, skill, etc. HN - 2010 BX - Visual Feedback MH - Femininity UI - D057227 MN - F1.145.813.199 MN - F1.393.446.250.500 MN - F1.752.747.385.200.500 MS - Female-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function. AN - human only HN - 2010 MH - Food, Preserved UI - D057141 MN - J2.500.521 MS - Food that has been prepared and stored in a way to prevent spoilage. AN - FOOD PRESERVATION and FOOD PRESERVATIVES is also available HN - 2010; use FOOD PRESERVATION 1981-2009; for FOOD, CANNED & FOOD, DRIED use FOOD PRESERVATION 1981-2009 BX - Food, Canned BX - Food, Dried FX - Food Preservation MH - Foraminifera UI - D056908 MN - B1.680.275 MS - An order of amoeboid EUKARYOTES characterized by reticulating pseudopods and a complex life cycle with an alternation of generations. Most are less than 1mm in size and found in marine or brackish water. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography UI - D056973 MN - E1.370.350.350.810.490 MN - E1.370.350.400.350 MN - E1.370.350.700.700.810.490 MN - E1.370.350.700.810.810.645 MN - E1.370.350.825.810.810.599 MS - Three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging with the added dimension of time, to follow motion during imaging. HN - 2010 MH - Freshwater Biology UI - D056145 MN - H1.158.273.248.750.249 MN - H1.277.249.750.249 MN - H1.277.625.500 MS - The study of life and ECOLOGIC SYSTEMS in bodies of FRESHWATER. AN - use for the discipline (education, history, etc) only HN - 2010 MH - Frontotemporal Dementia UI - D057180 MN - C10.228.140.380.266.299 MN - C10.574.950.300.299 MN - C18.452.845.800.300.299 MN - F3.87.400.380.299 MS - The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight. HN - 2010 MH - Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration UI - D057174 MN - C10.228.140.380.266 MN - C10.574.950.300 MN - C18.452.845.800.300 MN - F3.87.400.380 MS - Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA. HN - 2010; use DEMENTIA 2000-2009; for SEMANTIC DEMENTIA use DEMENTIA 2000-2009 MH - Functional Food UI - D055951 MN - J2.500.525.425 MS - Components of the usual diet that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrients. Examples of functional foods include soy, nuts, chocolate, and cranberries (From NCCAM Backgrounder, March 2004, p3). Soy, for example, provides not only protein but also PHYTOESTROGENS (isoflavones), which help reduce total blood cholesterol by lowering LDL CHOLESTEROL. AN - do not confuse with FOOD, FORTIFIED; FOOD, FORMULATED; FOOD ADDITIVES; or DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; coordinate IM with specific nutrient if relevant (IM) HN - 2010 FX - Dietary Supplements MH - Fungal Structures UI - D056229 MN - A19 MS - The parts of fungi. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2010 MH - Galactogogues UI - D056669 MN - D27.505.696.365 MS - Substances that induce LACTATION. HN - 2010 FX - Lactation MH - Gametogenesis, Plant UI - D056130 MN - G4.299.151.650.240 MN - G8.686.785.760.310.249 MN - G15.744.149 MS - The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES. HN - 2010 FX - Germ Cells, Plant MH - Genetic Association Studies UI - D056726 MN - E5.393.385 MS - The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease. HN - 2010 BX - Candidate Gene Identification FX - Genetic Predisposition to Disease MH - Genetic Fitness UI - D056084 MN - G5.347 MS - The capability of an organism to survive and reproduce. The phenotypic expression of the genotype in a particular environment determines how genetically fit an organism will be. HN - 2010 FX - Selection, Genetic MH - Genetic Loci UI - D056426 MN - G5.360.340.24.380 MS - Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE. HN - 2010 MH - Genomic Structural Variation UI - D056914 MN - G5.365.795.297 MS - Contiguous large-scale (1000-400,000 basepairs) differences in the genomic DNA between individuals, due to SEQUENCE DELETION; SEQUENCE INSERTION; or SEQUENCE INVERSION. HN - 2010 BX - Genome Structural Variation MH - Genu Valgum UI - D056304 MN - C5.116.482 MS - An inward slant of the thigh in which the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Genu valgum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasias (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; HURLER SYNDROME); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING). HN - 2010 BX - Knock Knee FX - Rickets MH - Genu Varum UI - D056305 MN - C5.116.511 MS - An outward slant of the thigh in which the knees are wide apart and the ankles close together. Genu varum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasia (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; Blount's disease); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING). HN - 2010 BX - Bow Knee FX - Rickets MH - Geobacillus UI - D056506 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.400 MN - B3.510.100.100.400 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.400 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.400 MS - A genus of gram-positive, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacteria in the family BACILLACEAE. HN - 2010 MH - Geographic Atrophy UI - D057092 MN - C11.768.585.439.122 MS - A form of MACULAR DEGENERATION also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the RETINA called the MACULA LUTEA. It is distinguishable from WET MACULAR DEGENERATION in that the latter involves neovascular exudates. HN - 2010 MH - Germ Cells, Plant UI - D055993 MN - A11.497.248 MN - A18.24.249.500.249 MS - The reproductive cells of plants. HN - 2010 BX - Gametes, Plant MH - Giant Axonal Neuropathy UI - D056768 MN - C10.500.300.490 MN - C10.574.500.495.490 MN - C10.668.829.325 MN - C10.668.829.800.300.490 MN - C16.131.666.300.490 MN - C16.320.400.375.490 MS - Rare autosomal recessive disorder of INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEINS. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene that codes gigaxonin protein. The mutations result in disorganization of axonal NEUROFILAMENT PROTEINS, formation of the characteristic giant axons, and progressive neuropathy. The clinical features of the disease include early-onset progressive peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies often associated with central nervous system involvement (mental retardation, seizures, DYSMETRIA, and CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS). HN - 2010 BX - Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN) BX - Giant Axonal Neuropathy 1 BX - Giant Axonal Neuropathy 1 (GAN1) BX - Neuropathy, Giant Axonal MH - Global Warming UI - D057232 MN - G16.500.240.135.374.500 MS - Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns. HN - 2010; use GREENHOUSE EFFECT 1994-2009 MH - Grape Seed Extract UI - D056604 MN - D20.215.784.500.400 MN - D26.667.500 MS - Exudate from seeds of the grape plant Vitis vinifera, composed of oils and secondary plant metabolites (BIOFLAVONOIDS and polyphenols) credited with important medicinal properties. HN - 2010 (2001) FX - Proanthocyanidins MH - Group I Chaperonins UI - D056384 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.142.500 MN - D12.776.580.216.210.590 MS - A subcategory of chaperonins found in MITOCHONDRIA; CHLOROPLASTS; and BACTERIA. Group I chaperonins form into a barrel-shaped macromolecular structure that is enclosed by a separate lid-like protein component. HN - 2010 MH - Group II Chaperonins UI - D056385 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.142.750 MN - D12.776.580.216.210.795 MS - A subcategory of chaperonins found in ARCHAEA and the CYTOSOL of eukaryotic cells. Group II chaperonins form a barrel-shaped macromolecular structure that is distinct from GROUP I CHAPERONINS in that it does not utilize a separate lid like structure to enclose proteins. HN - 2010 BX - Group II Chaparonins MH - Group III Histone Deacetylases UI - D056545 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.200 MS - A subclass of histone deacetylases that are NAD-dependent. Several members of the SIRTUINS family are included in this subclass. HN - 2010; for SIR2-LIKE DEACETYLASES use SIRTUINS 2003-2009 BX - Sirtuin Histone Deacetylases MH - Growth Charts UI - D057238 MN - E5.978.808.500 MS - Graphic displays of height and weight showing development over time. HN - 2010 MH - Harmful Algal Bloom UI - D057097 MN - G16.500.240.300.400 MS - An algal bloom where the algae produce powerful toxins that can kill fish, birds, and mammals, and ultimately cause illness in humans. The harmful bloom can also cause oxygen depletion in the water due to the death and decomposition of non-toxic algae species. AN - ALGAL BLOOM is also available HN - 2010; for RED TIDE use DINOFLAGELLIDA 1979-2009, use INVERTEBRATES 1974-1978 BX - Red Tide FX - Shellfish Poisoning MH - Health Level Seven UI - D057208 MN - N3.540.630.480 MS - An American National Standards Institute-accredited organization working on specifications to support development and advancement of clinical and administrative standards for healthcare. AN - CATALOG: use NAF entry HN - 2010 MH - Health Literacy UI - D057220 MN - I2.233.332.186.500 MN - N2.421.143.827.407.228.500 MN - N2.421.726.407.228.500 MS - Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. HN - 2010 FX - Consumer Health Information FX - Patient Education as Topic MH - Health Records, Personal UI - D055991 MN - E5.318.308.940.968.249 MS - Longitudinal patient-maintained records of individual health history and tools that allow individual control of access. HN - 2010 MH - Hep G2 Cells UI - D056945 MN - A11.251.860.180.432 MN - A11.436.348.500 MS - A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions. AN - almost always NIM with no subheadings; check HUMAN; do not routinely add LIVER NEOPLASMS or HEPATOBLASTOMA HN - 2010 MH - Hereditary Angioedema Type III UI - D056828 MN - C14.907.79.500.500 MN - C17.800.862.945.66.500.500 MN - C20.543.480.904.66.500.500 MS - A form of hereditary angioedema that occurs in women and is precipitated or worsened by high ESTROGEN levels. It is associated with mutations in the gene for FACTOR XII that result in its increased activity. HN - 2010 FX - Factor XII MH - Hereditary Angioedema Types I and II UI - D056829 MN - C14.907.79.500.750 MN - C17.800.862.945.66.500.750 MN - C20.543.480.904.66.500.750 MS - Forms of hereditary angioedema that occur due to mutations in the gene for COMPLEMENT C1 INHIBITOR PROTEIN. Type I hereditary angioedema is associated with reduced serum levels of complement C1 inhibitor protein. Type II hereditary angioedema is associated with the production of a non-functional complement C1 inhibitor protein. HN - 2010 FX - Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein MH - Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases UI - D056660 MN - C16.320.382 MN - C17.800.827.368 MS - Hereditary inflammation conditions, characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation. Common symptoms include recurrent fever, rash, arthritis, fatigue, and secondary AMYLOIDOSIS. Hereditary autoinflammatory diseases are associated with mutations in genes involved in regulation of normal inflammatory process and are not caused by AUTOANTIBODIES, or antigen specific T-LYMPHOCYTES. HN - 2010 (2000); for Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes use Familial Mediterranean Fever 2000-2009 BX - Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases BX - Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes BX - Hereditary Recurrent Fevers MH - High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation UI - D057086 MN - E2.565.280.945.399 MN - E4.14.380 MS - The use of focused, high-frequency sound waves to destroy tissue. It is sometimes used in conjunction with but is distinct from INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY. HN - 2010 MH - High-Throughput Screening Assays UI - D057166 MN - E5.916.680 MS - Rapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually involves some form of automation or a way to conduct multiple assays at the same time using sample arrays. HN - 2010 FX - Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques FX - Drug Discovery FX - Small Molecule Libraries MH - Histone Chaperones UI - D056488 MN - D12.776.580.219 MS - Proteins involved in the assembly and disassembly of HISTONES into NUCLEOSOMES. HN - 2010 MH - Histone Deacetylase 1 UI - D056284 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.500.100 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.750.100 MN - D8.811.600.620.100 MN - D8.811.600.795.100 MS - A histone deacetylase subtype that is found along with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2; RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4; and RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 as core components of histone deacetylase complexes. HN - 2010 MH - Histone Deacetylase 2 UI - D056464 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.500.200 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.750.200 MN - D8.811.600.620.200 MN - D8.811.600.795.200 MS - A histone deacetylase subtype that is found along with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1; RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4; and RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 as core components of histone deacetylase complexes. HN - 2010 MH - Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors UI - D056572 MN - D27.505.519.389.360 MS - Compounds that inhibit HISTONE DEACETYLASES. This class of drugs may influence gene expression by increasing the level of acetylated HISTONES in specific CHROMATIN domains. HN - 2010 MH - Histone Demethylases UI - D056466 MN - D8.811.682.662.582.475 MS - Enzymes that catalyse the removal of methyl groups from LYSINE or ARGININE residues found on HISTONES. Many histone demethylases generally function through an oxidoreductive mechanism. HN - 2010 MH - Hospital Rapid Response Team UI - D057209 MN - N4.590.715.550 MS - Multidisciplinary team most frequently consisting of INTENSIVE CARE UNIT trained personnel who are available 24 hours per day, 7 days per week for evaluation of patients who develop signs or symptoms of severe clinical deterioration. HN - 2010 BX - Rapid Response Team MH - Human bocavirus UI - D056661 MN - B4.280.580.650.85.400 MS - A member of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, originally isolated from human nasopharyngeal aspirates in patients with respiratory disease. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2010 MH - Human T-lymphotropic virus 3 UI - D056187 MN - B4.820.650.200.735.374 MN - B4.909.574.807.200.735.374 MN - B4.909.777.731.200.735.374 MS - A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3 that is genetically similar to STLV-3. AN - do not confuse with HTLV-III, an old name for the lentivirus HIV; infection: coordinate IM with DELTARETROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Hydrobiology UI - D056127 MN - H1.158.273.248.750 MN - H1.277.249.750 MS - The study of aquatic life inhabiting bodies of water, including growth, morphology, physiology, genetics, distribution, and interactions with other organisms and the environment. It includes MARINE HYDROBIOLOGY. AN - use for the discipline (education, history, etc) only HN - 2010 FX - Aquaculture FX - Limnology MH - Hypermastigia UI - D056952 MN - B1.630.399 MS - A class of endosymbiont EUKARYOTES, in the group PARABASALIDEA, that are obligate mutualists in the digestive tracts of wood-eating insects. Hypermastigotes produce CELLULASE that breaks down the cellulose in wood so that insects can metabolize it. AN - infection; coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Ideal Body Weight UI - D056865 MN - E1.370.600.115.100.160.120.499 MN - E5.41.124.160.750.650 MN - G7.100.100.160.120.499 MN - G7.700.320.249.314.120.650 MS - Expected weight of a healthy normal individual based on age, sex, and height. Thus, a malnourished person would weigh less than their ideal body weight. HN - 2010 MH - Immune Evasion UI - D057131 MN - G6.590.470.400 MN - G12.425.700 MN - G16.100.380.700 MS - Methods used by pathogenic organisms to evade a host's immune system. AN - IMMUNE EVASION, TUMOR is also available HN - 2010 MH - Immunity, Humoral UI - D056724 MN - G12.450.50.420 MS - Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. HN - 2010; use ANTIBODY FORMATION 1980-2009 MH - Immunomodulation UI - D056747 MN - E2.95.465 MN - G12.425.746 MS - Alteration of the immune system or of an immune response by agents that activate or suppress its function. This can include IMMUNIZATION or administration of immunomodulatory drugs. Immunomodulation can also encompass non-therapeutic alteration of the immune system effected by endogenous or exogenous substances. HN - 2010 MH - Incunabula UI - D057213 MN - V2.545 MS - Books printed before 1501. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type. Used by catalogers only; CATALOG: Do not use for current materials; incunabula as a subject are indexed under the main heading INCUNABULA AS TOPIC HN - 2010 MH - Independent Living UI - D057187 MN - I3.50.500 MN - N1.224.791.550 MN - N6.850.505.400.800.550 MS - A housing and community arrangement that maximizes independence and self-determination. HN - 2010; use ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (1984-2009) MH - Individualized Medicine UI - D057285 MN - E2.574 MN - H2.403.200.700 MS - Therapeutic approach tailoring therapy for genetically defined subgroups of patients. HN - 2010 FX - Pharmacogenetics MH - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells UI - D057026 MN - A11.872.40.500 MN - A11.872.700.500 MS - Cells from adult organisms that have been reprogrammed into a pluripotential state similar to that of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. HN - 2010 BX - IPS Cells MH - Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction UI - D056989 MN - C14.280.647.500.187 MN - C14.907.585.500.187 MS - MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION in which the inferior wall of the heart is involved. It is often caused by occlusion of the right coronary artery. HN - 2010 BX - Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction BX - Diaphragmatic Myocardial Infarction BX - Inferior Myocardial Infarction BX - Myocardial Infarction, Inferior Wall MH - Inflorescence UI - D056626 MN - A18.24.249.500.624 MS - A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant. HN - 2010 MH - Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype UI - D057221 MN - B4.820.545.405.400.216 MS - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 2. It is endemic in both human and pig populations. AN - infection: coordinate IM with INFLUENZA, HUMAN (IM) in humans, or INFLUENZA IN BIRDS (IM) in birds, or ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) in other animals HN - 2010 MH - Information Seeking Behavior UI - D057226 MN - F1.145.209.372 MN - F1.145.535 MN - L1.143.458 MS - How information is gathered in personal, academic or work environments and the resources used. HN - 2010 MH - Injections, Intraocular UI - D056965 MN - E2.319.267.530.475 MS - The administration of substances into the eye with a hypodermic syringe. HN - 2010 MH - Insecticide-Treated Bednets UI - D057148 MN - E7.700.510.500 MS - Light weight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester (nylon), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases. HN - 2010 MH - Intention to Treat Analysis UI - D057194 MN - N5.715.360.775.235.387.500.500 MN - N6.850.520.450.535.365.500.500 MS - Strategy for the analysis of RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC that compares patients in the groups to which they were originally randomly assigned. HN - 2010 MH - Interstitial Cells of Cajal UI - D056885 MN - A11.620.124 MS - c-Kit positive cells related to smooth muscle cells that are intercalated between the autonomic nerves and the effector smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Different phenotypic classes play roles as pacemakers, mediators of neural inputs, and mechanosensors. HN - 2010 MH - Intervertebral Disk Degeneration UI - D055959 MN - C5.116.900.153 MS - Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates. AN - coordinate IM with specific vertebrae (IM); INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT is also available HN - 2010 BX - Degenerative Intervertebral Disks FX - Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis FX - Sciatica MH - Intra-Articular Fractures UI - D057072 MN - C21.866.404.505 MS - Fractures of the articular surface of a bone. HN - 2010 MH - Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome UI - D057129 MN - C11.204.497 MN - C11.941.375.322 MS - A grouping of three closely linked conditions: iris nevus (or Cogan-Reese) syndrome, Chandler Syndrome, and essential (progressive) iris atrophy. The most common features of this syndrome are the movement of endothelial cells off the cornea onto the iris leading to corneal swelling, distortion of the iris, and variable degrees of distortion of the pupil. The abnormal cell movement plugs fluid outflow channels of the eye causing GLAUCOMA. HN - 2010 FX - Glaucoma MH - Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium UI - D056830 MN - C14.240.400.660 MN - C14.280.238.281.500 MN - C14.280.400.660 MN - C16.131.77.477 MN - C16.131.240.400.655 MN - C16.320.322.370 MS - Rare congenital cardiomyopathies characterized by the lack of left ventricular myocardium compaction. The noncompaction results in numerous prominent trabeculations and a loose myocardial meshwork (spongy myocardium) in the LEFT VENTRICLE. Heterogeneous clinical features include diminished systolic function sometimes associated with left ventricular dilation, that presents either neonatally or progressively. Often, the RIGHT VENTRICLE is also affected. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; PULMONARY EMBOLISM; and ventricular ARRHYTHMIA are commonly seen. HN - 2010 BX - Isolated Non-compaction of the Ventricular Myocardium BX - Isolated Noncompaction of the Left Ventricular Myocardium, X-Linked BX - Noncompaction of the Left Ventricular Myocardium, Autosomal Dominant MH - Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases UI - D056484 MN - D8.811.682.662.582.475.500 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.388 MS - A family of histone demethylases that share a conserved Jumonji C domain. The enzymes function via an iron-dependent dioxygenase mechanism that couples the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate to the hydroxylation of N-methyl groups. HN - 2010 MH - Knee-Chest Position UI - D056446 MN - G11.427.695.380 MS - The posture of an individual supported by the knees and chest resting on a table. HN - 2010 MH - Lab-On-A-Chip Devices UI - D056656 MN - E7.305.343.500 MS - Microdevices that combine microfluidics technology with electrical and/or mechanical functions for analyzing very small fluid volumes. They consist of microchannels etched into substrates made of silicon, glass, or polymer using processes similar to photolithography. The test fluids in the channels can then interact with different elements such as electrodes, photodetectors, chemical sensors, pumps, and valves. AN - note entry term MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL DEVICES: MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES is also available HN - 2010; use MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 2005-2009; for MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL DEVICES & NANOCHIP ANALYTICAL DEVICES use MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 2005-2009 FX - Microchemistry FX - Microchip Analytical Procedures MH - Lac Repressors UI - D056968 MN - D12.776.97.521 MN - D12.776.260.703.600 MN - D12.776.930.700.781 MS - Bacterial repressor proteins that bind to the LAC OPERON and thereby prevent the synthesis of proteins involved in catabolism of LACTOSE. When lactose levels are high lac repressors undergo an allosteric change that causes their release from the DNA and the resumption of lac operon transcription. HN - 2010; use REPRESSOR PROTEINS 1979-2009 MH - Lactobacillales UI - D056546 MN - B3.510.550 MS - An order of GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA in the class Bacilli, that have the ability to ferment sugars to lactic acid. They are widespread in nature and commonly used to produce fermented foods. HN - 2010 MH - Latent Tuberculosis UI - D055985 MN - C1.252.410.40.552.846.122 MS - The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test. HN - 2010 BX - Latent Tuberculosis Infection MH - Leber Congenital Amaurosis UI - D057130 MN - C11.270.516 MN - C11.768.364 MS - A rare degenerative inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life that results in a loss of vision. Not to be confused with LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY, the disease is thought to be caused by abnormal development of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS in the RETINA, or by the extremely premature degeneration of retinal cells. HN - 2010 MH - Leprosy, Multibacillary UI - D056006 MN - C1.252.410.40.552.386.775 MS - A form of LEPROSY classified by the World Health Organization for the purpose of treatment, based on clinical manifestations and skin smear results. Patients with multibacillary leprosy have six or more lesions with or without positive skin smear results for the causative agent MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Multibacillary leprosy encompasses borderline lepromatous, midborderline, and lepromatous leprosy. HN - 2010 BX - Borderline Lepromatous BX - Midborderline Lepromatous BX - Multibacillary Leprosy MH - Leprosy, Paucibacillary UI - D056005 MN - C1.252.410.40.552.386.850 MS - A form of LEPROSY classified by the World Health Organization for the purpose of treatment, based on clinical manifestations and skin smear results. Patients with paucibacillary leprosy have fewer than six skin lesions with no causative agent MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE on any slit-skin smear testing. Paucibacillary leprosy encompasses indeterminate, borderline tuberculoid, and tuberculoid leprosy. HN - 2010 BX - Borderline Tuberculoid BX - Indeterminate Tuberculoid BX - Paucibacillary Leprosy MH - Leuconostocaceae UI - D056584 MN - B3.510.550.475 MS - A family of gram-positive bacteria in the order LACTOBACILLALES. Lactic acid is the main product of their carbohydrate metabolism. HN - 2010 BX - Weisella MH - Leukoencephalopathies UI - D056784 MN - C10.228.140.695 MS - Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the brain. HN - 2010 BX - Leukoencephalopathy MH - Liddle Syndrome UI - D056929 MN - C12.777.419.815.683 MN - C13.351.968.419.815.683 MN - C16.320.565.861.698 MN - C18.452.648.861.698 MS - Familial pseudoaldosteronism characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of hypertension with HYPOKALEMIA; ALKALOSIS; RENIN and ALDOSTERONE level decreases. It is caused by mutations in EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL beta and gamma subunits. Different mutations in the same EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL subunits can cause PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM, TYPE I, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT. HN - 2010 BX - Pseudoaldosteronism FX - Epithelial Sodium Channel MH - Limit of Detection UI - D057230 MN - E5.318.740.872.374 MN - N5.715.360.750.725.500 MN - N6.850.520.830.872.500 MS - Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure. HN - 2010 MH - Limnology UI - D055994 MN - H1.277.625 MS - The study of the physical, chemical, hydrological, and biological aspects of fresh water bodies. (EPA Terms of Environment: Glossary, Abbreviations and Acronyms [Internet] US Environmental Protection Agency [cited 2008 Sep 25] available from http://www.epa.gov/OCEPAterms/aterms.html) AN - use for the discipline (education, history, etc) only HN - 2010 FX - Hydrobiology FX - Oceanography MH - Loeys-Dietz Syndrome UI - D055947 MN - C5.660.207.532 MN - C14.907.55.50.362 MN - C14.907.55.239.587 MN - C14.907.109.139.587 MN - C16.131.77.537 MN - C16.320.510 MS - An autosomal dominant aneurysm with multisystem abnormalities caused by increased TGF-BETA signaling due to mutations in type I or II of TGF-BETA RECEPTOR. Additional craniofacial features include CLEFT PALATE; CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; HYPERTELORISM; or bifid uvula. Phenotypes closely resemble MARFAN SYNDROME; Marfanoid craniosynostosis syndrome (Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome); and EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME. HN - 2010 BX - Loeys-Dietz Aortic Aneurysm Syndrome FX - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome FX - Marfan Syndrome MH - Low Tension Glaucoma UI - D057066 MN - C11.640.225 MS - A form of GLAUCOMA in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure. HN - 2010 MH - Magnetosomes UI - D055944 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.450 MN - A20.859 MS - Membrane-bound prokaryotic organelles of magnetotactic bacteria that contain chains of MAGNETITE crystals which orient the bacteria to geomagnetic fields. HN - 2010 FX - Ferrosoferric Oxide FX - Magnetospirillum MH - Mammoths UI - D056665 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.833.500 MS - An extinct genus of large mammals in the family Elephantidae that fed by grazing on low vegetation. Most died out at the end of the last ice age. HN - 2010 BX - Woolly Mammoth MH - Masculinity UI - D057228 MN - F1.145.813.376 MN - F1.393.446.250.750 MN - F1.752.747.385.200.750 MS - Male-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function. AN - human only HN - 2010 MH - Mastodons UI - D056666 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.833.525 MS - An extinct genus of large mammals in the family Mammutidae, that fed by browsing on tall plants. Eurasian species died out three million years ago, but some specimens of the American Mastodon survived the last Ice Age. HN - 2010 MH - Mediator Complex UI - D056892 MN - D5.500.374 MN - D12.644.360.24.304 MN - D12.776.157.57.62 MN - D12.776.476.24.388 MN - D12.776.660.551 MS - A large protein complex which acts as a signaling adaptor protein that allows communication between the various regulatory and functional components of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION including DNA POLYMERASE II; GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that are bound to upstream ENHANCER ELEMENTS. The mediator complex was originally studied in YEAST where at least 21 subunits were identified. Many of the yeast subunits are homologs to proteins in higher organisms that are found associated with specific nuclear receptors such as THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS and VITAMIN D RECEPTORS. HN - 2010; for TRAP (THYROID HORMONE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN) COMPLEX, TR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (TRAP) COMPLEX and THYROID HORMONE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN COMPLEX use MEDIATOR COMPLEX SUBUNIT 1 2003-2009 MH - Mediator Complex Subunit 1 UI - D056913 MN - D5.500.374.750 MN - D12.644.360.24.304.750 MN - D12.644.360.24.308.49 MN - D12.776.157.57.62.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.80.49 MN - D12.776.476.24.388.750 MN - D12.776.476.24.394.49 MN - D12.776.660.551.750 MN - D12.776.660.675.49 MN - D12.776.930.617.49 MS - A mediator complex subunit that is believed to play a key role in the coactivation of nuclear receptor-activated transcription by the mediator complex. It interacts with a variety of nuclear receptors including RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS; VITAMIN D RECEPTORS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; and GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS. HN - 2010(1998) MH - Medical Device Recalls UI - D057052 MN - N6.850.210.637.500 MS - Removal of a MEDICAL DEVICE from the market due to a problem occurring in the manufacture or distribution of the product. AN - SAFETY-BASED MEDICAL DEVICE WITHDRAWALS is also available HN - 2010 BX - Biomedical Device Recalls FX - Prosthesis Failure MH - Medical Tourism UI - D057193 MN - I3.883.710 MN - N5.300.515 MS - Travel to another country for the purpose of medical treatment. HN - 2010 MH - Medicine, Mongolian Traditional UI - D056785 MN - E2.190.488.745 MS - Medical practice indigenous to the peoples of Mongolia, developed over many years according to their culture, beliefs, and traditions. HN - 2010 FX - Pharmacognosy FX - Phytotherapy MH - Mendelian Randomization Analysis UI - D057182 MN - E5.318.416.500 MS - The use of the GENETIC VARIATION of known functions or phenotypes to correlate the causal effects of those functions or phenotypes with a disease outcome. HN - 2010 MH - Metagenomics UI - D056186 MN - H1.158.273.343.350.261 MS - The genomic analysis of assemblages of organisms. HN - 2010 MH - Metallochaperones UI - D056511 MN - D12.776.580.612 MS - A family of soluble metal binding proteins that are involved in the intracellular transport of specific metal ions and their transfer to the appropriate metalloprotein precursor. HN - 2010 MH - Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex UI - D056245 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.176 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.500 MN - D8.811.600.620 MS - A enzyme complex involved in the remodeling of NUCLEOSOMES. The complex is comprised of at least seven subunits and includes both histone deacetylase and ATPase activities. HN - 2010(2000) BX - Histone Deacetylase Complex NuRD MH - Microbial Interactions UI - D056265 MN - G6.590.580 MS - The inter- and intra-relationships between various microorganisms. This can include both positive (like SYMBIOSIS) and negative (like ANTIBIOSIS) interactions. Examples include virus - bacteria and bacteria - bacteria. HN - 2010 MH - Microscopic Polyangiitis UI - D055953 MN - C14.907.940.897.249.500 MN - C20.111.193.750 MS - A primary systemic vasculitis of small- and some medium-sized vessels. It is characterized by a tropism for kidneys and lungs, positive association with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), and a paucity of immunoglobulin deposits in vessel walls. HN - 2010 MH - Mimiviridae UI - D056686 MN - B4.280.475 MS - A family of nucleocytoplasmic, large, double-stranded DNA viruses with extremely complex genomes. HN - 2010 BX - Mimivirus MH - Molecular Dynamics Simulation UI - D056004 MN - E5.599.595.500 MN - G2.575.750 MN - L1.224.160.500 MS - A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time. HN - 2010 BX - Molecular Dynamics Simulations MH - Molecular Imaging UI - D057054 MN - E1.370.350.557 MN - E5.601.567 MS - The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; fluorescence imaging; and MICROSCOPY. HN - 2010 MH - Monilethrix UI - D056734 MN - C16.131.77.592 MN - C16.320.850.647 MN - C17.800.329.984 MN - C17.800.827.602 MS - Rare autosomal dominant disorder of the hair shaft. The clinical features of the disease include HYPOTRICHOSIS, dry, and/or brittle hair, with varying degrees of ALOPECIA. Mutations in the hair-specific keratin genes KRTHB1, KRTHB3, or KRTHB6 are associated with monilethrix. Autosomal recessive monilethrix with limited HYPOTRICHOSIS are also known. Mutations in Dsg4, Liph, and P2ry5 protein genes are associated with the recessive form of monilethrix. HN - 2010 BX - Nodose Hair MH - Mosquito Nets UI - D057147 MN - E7.700.510 MN - J1.494.221.750 MS - Free-standing or supported light weight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases. HN - 2010 MH - Multivesicular Bodies UI - D057146 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337.500 MS - Endosomes containing intraluminal vesicles which are formed by the inward budding of the endosome membrane. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) may fuse with other organelles such as LYSOSOMES or fuse back with the PLASMA MEMBRANE releasing their contents by EXOCYTOSIS. The MVB intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment are known as EXOSOMES. HN - 2010; use ENDOSOMES 2009 MH - Mycetozoa UI - D056895 MN - B1.46.550 MS - A group of AMOEBOZOA comprising two distinct groups with the ability to form fruiting bodies: DICTYOSTELIIDA (dictyostelid cellular slime molds) and MYXOMYCETES (plasmodial slime molds). AN - general; prefer specifics; infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc.) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Nanofibers UI - D057139 MN - J1.637.512.300 MS - Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications. HN - 2010 MH - Nanoshells UI - D057145 MN - J1.637.512.600.500.575 MS - Nanometer range spherical cores of particular semiconductor compounds surrounded by an ultrathin metal shell that is commonly made of gold or silver. This configuration gives the nanoshells highly tunable optical properties. They have potential in biomedicine for diagnosis and therapy. HN - 2010 BX - Metal Nanoshells MH - Nectar UI - D057048 MN - D20.215.597 MS - Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores. HN - 2010 FX - Flowers FX - Honey FX - Pollination MH - Netherton Syndrome UI - D056770 MN - C16.131.77.619 MN - C16.131.831.512.400.705 MN - C16.320.850.400.705 MN - C16.320.850.673 MN - C16.614.492.400.705 MN - C17.800.428.333.250.705 MN - C17.800.804.512.400.705 MN - C17.800.827.400.705 MN - C17.800.827.655 MS - Rare autosomal recessive disease with variable expressions. Clinical features of the disease include variable ICHTHYOSIFORM ERYTHRODERMA, CONGENITAL; bamboo hair (trichorrhexis invaginata); and ATOPIC DERMATITIS. The disease is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene. HN - 2010 BX - Netherton Disease MH - Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques UI - D056347 MN - E5.200.500.620.670.570 MN - E5.200.750.600.670.570 MS - Methods used to label and follow the course of NEURAL PATHWAYS by AXONAL TRANSPORT of injected NEURONAL TRACT-TRACERS. HN - 2010 BX - Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing BX - Neuron Pathway Tracing FX - Neuronal Tract-Tracers MH - Neuronal Tract-Tracers UI - D056325 MN - D27.720.470.410.577 MS - Substances used to identify the location and to characterize the types of NEURAL PATHWAYS. HN - 2010 FX - Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques MH - Nipple Aspirate Fluid UI - D055966 MN - A12.207.721 MS - Fluid collected from nipple by gentle aspiration. The fluid contains cells and extracellular fluid from the breast ductal epithelium. HN - 2010 FX - Nipples MH - Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1 UI - D056971 MN - D12.776.930.700.625.374 MS - A nuclear protein that regulates the expression of genes involved in a diverse array of processes related to metabolism and reproduction. The protein contains three nuclear receptor interaction domains and three repressor domains and is closely-related in structure to NUCLEAR RECEPTOR CO-REPRESSOR 2. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2 UI - D056985 MN - D12.776.930.700.625.400 MS - A nuclear co-repressor protein that shows specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS and THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS. The dissociation of this co-repressor from nuclear receptors is generally ligand-dependent, but can also occur by way of its phosphorylation by members of the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. The protein contains two nuclear receptor interaction domains and four repressor domains and is closely-related in structure to NUCLEAR RECEPTOR CO-REPRESSOR 1. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 UI - D056920 MN - D8.811.913.50.134.407.100 MN - D12.644.360.24.308.100 MN - D12.776.157.57.80.100 MN - D12.776.476.24.394.100 MN - D12.776.660.675.100 MN - D12.776.930.617.100 MS - A nuclear receptor coactivator with specificity for ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS. It contains a histone acetyltransferase activity that may play a role in the transcriptional activation of chromatin regions. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 UI - D056921 MN - D8.811.913.50.134.407.150 MN - D12.644.360.24.308.300 MN - D12.776.157.57.80.300 MN - D12.776.476.24.394.300 MN - D12.776.660.675.300 MN - D12.776.930.617.300 MS - A nuclear receptor coactivator with specificity for ESTROGEN RECEPTORS and PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS. It contains a histone acetyltransferase activity that may play a role in CHROMATIN REMODELING during the process of nuclear receptor-induced transcription. The coactivator has been found at elevated levels in certain HORMONE-DEPENDENT NEOPLASMS such as those found in BREAST CANCER. HN - 2010(1997) BX - Nuclear Receptor Coactivator-3 MH - Nuclear Receptor Coactivators UI - D056918 MN - D12.644.360.24.308 MN - D12.776.157.57.80 MN - D12.776.476.24.394 MN - D12.776.660.675 MN - D12.776.930.617 MS - Proteins that enhance gene expression when associated with ligand bound activated NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. The coactivators may act through an enzymatic process that affects the rate of transcription or the structure of chromatin. Alternatively nuclear receptor coactivators can function as adaptor proteins that bring nuclear receptors into close proximity with transcriptional complexes. HN - 2010 MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 UI - D056953 MN - D12.776.189.300 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.80 MN - D12.776.826.209.80 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.80 MS - A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that negatively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and plays a role as a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The Nr1d1 nuclear receptor expression is cyclically-regulated by a feedback loop involving its positive regulation by CLOCK PROTEIN; BMAL1 PROTEIN heterodimers and its negative regulation by CRYPTOCHROME and PERIOD PROTEINS. HN - 2010 BX - Rev-erb-alpha Nuclear Receptors MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1 UI - D057094 MN - D12.776.189.437 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.100 MN - D12.776.826.209.100 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.100 MS - A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that positively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and is a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The protein also has a role in neuron cell survival and differentiation in that loss of function mutations of its gene result in the mouse phenotype referred to as the STAGGERER MOUSE. HN - 2010(1996) MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2 UI - D057095 MN - D12.776.189.531 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.110 MN - D12.776.826.209.110 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.110 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor that is expressed at high levels in neuronal tissues, the RETINA; EPIDIDYMIS; and VAS DEFERENS. The receptor is believed to play a role in regulating a variety of functions including the processing of sensory information, the differentiation of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. HN - 2010(1998) BX - RAR-related Orphan Receptor B MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 UI - D057132 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.182 MN - D12.776.826.209.182 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.182 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor found in the THYMUS where it plays a role in regulating the development and maturation of thymocytes. An isoform of this protein, referred to as RORgammaT, is produced by an alternatively transcribed mRNA. HN - 2010(1996) MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2, Group C, Member 1 UI - D057107 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.255 MN - D12.776.826.209.255 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.255 MS - A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that has specificity for directly repeated (DR) AGGTCA sequences. It binds DNA as either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with the closely-related orphan nuclear receptor NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 2, GROUP C, MEMBER 2. The protein was originally identified as a PROSTATE-specific protein and is involved in the regulation of variety of cellular processes, including CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; and APOPTOSIS. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2, Group C, Member 2 UI - D057125 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.327 MN - D12.776.826.209.327 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.327 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor that has specificity for hormone response elements found in the promoters of target genes. It binds DNA either as a homodimer or as heterodimer with the closely-related orphan nuclear receptor NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 2, GROUP C, MEMBER 1. The protein was originally identified as a TESTES-specific protein and is involved in the regulation of variety of cellular processes, including CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; and APOPTOSIS. HN - 2010 MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 UI - D057105 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.400 MN - D12.776.826.209.400 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.400 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor that is closely related to members of the thyroid-steroid receptor gene family. It was originally indentified in NERVE CELLS and may play a role in mediation of NERVE GROWTH FACTOR-induced CELL DIFFERENTIATION. However, several other functions have been attributed to this protein including the positive and negative regulation of APOPTOSIS. HN - 2010(1991) MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 UI - D057126 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.415 MN - D12.776.826.209.415 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.415 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor that is found at high levels in BRAIN tissue. The protein is believed to play a role in development and maintenance of NEURONS, particularly dopaminergic neurons. HN - 2010(1995) MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 3 UI - D057106 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.430 MN - D12.776.826.209.430 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.430 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor that is closely related to members of the thyroid-steroid receptor family. It was originally identified in NERVE CELLS, however it may play regulatory roles in a variety of other tissues. HN - 2010 MH - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1 UI - D057136 MN - D12.776.260.698.209.572 MN - D12.776.826.209.572 MN - D12.776.930.669.209.572 MS - An orphan nuclear receptor expressed mainly in the GERM CELLS of GONADS. It functions as a transcription factor that binds to a direct repeat of the sequence AGGTCA and may play a role in the regulation of EMBRYOGENESIS and germ cell differentiation. HN - 2010(2004) MH - Nucleoplasmins UI - D056489 MN - D12.776.580.219.500 MS - A family of histone molecular chaperones that play roles in sperm CHROMATIN decondensation and CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY in fertilized eggs. They were originally discovered in XENOPUS egg extracts as histone-binding factors that mediate nucleosome formation in vitro. HN - 2010 MH - Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1 UI - D056490 MN - D12.776.580.219.550 MS - A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. HN - 2010 MH - Nurse's Practice Patterns UI - D057184 MN - N4.590.688 MN - N5.300.581 MS - Patterns of practice in nursing related to provision of services including diagnosis and treatment. HN - 2010 MH - Obesity, Abdominal UI - D056128 MN - C18.654.726.500.697 MN - E1.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.249 MN - G7.100.100.160.120.699.500.249 MS - A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X. HN - 2010 BX - Central Obesity FX - Abdominal Fat MH - Oenococcus UI - D056585 MN - B3.510.400.531 MN - B3.510.550.475.600 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI in the family LEUCONOSTOCACEAE. It is the primary bacteria involved in carrying out malolactic conversion in winemaking. HN - 2010 MH - Off-Label Use UI - D056687 MN - E2.319.307.500 MS - The practice of prescribing or using a drug outside the scope of the drug's official approved label as designated by a regulatory agency concerning the treatment of a particular disease or condition. HN - 2010 FX - Drug Approval FX - Drug Labeling FX - Drug Utilization MH - Olecranon Process UI - D056740 MN - A2.835.232.87.90.850.600 MS - A prominent projection of the ulna that that articulates with the humerus and forms the outer protuberance of the ELBOW JOINT. HN - 2010 FX - Elbow Joint MH - Optical Restriction Mapping UI - D056972 MN - E5.393.183.620.650.500 MN - E5.393.712.500 MS - A technique to generate restriction maps from single large DNA molecules by spreading the DNA onto a glass surface, digesting with DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES, staining with FLUORESCENT DYES, and visualizing the DNA cleavage sites by FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. HN - 2010 MH - Orchiopexy UI - D056126 MN - E4.950.774.860.619 MS - A surgical procedure in which an undescended testicle is sutured inside the SCROTUM in male infants or children to correct CRYPTORCHIDISM. Orchiopexy is also performed to treat TESTICULAR TORSION in adults and adolescents. AN - check tags MALE & ANIMALS or HUMAN. HN - 2010 BX - Laparoscopic Orchiopexy BX - Orchidopexy FX - Orchiectomy MH - Organism Forms UI - D056891 MN - B5 MS - Specific states or life cycle stages of organisms. These include post-embryonic stages of insects, symbiotic relationships between organisms, and reproductive elements such as spores. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2010 MH - Orphan Nuclear Receptors UI - D057093 MN - D12.776.260.698.209 MN - D12.776.826.209 MN - D12.776.930.669.209 MS - A broad category of receptor-like proteins that may play a role in transcriptional-regulation in the CELL NUCLEUS. Many of these proteins are similar in structure to known NUCLEAR RECEPTORS but appear to lack a functional ligand-binding domain, while in other cases the specific ligands have yet to be identified. AN - do not confuse with RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE-LIKE ORPHAN RECEPTORS HN - 2010 MH - Orthognathic Surgical Procedures UI - D056948 MN - E4.545.562 MN - E4.555.580.289 MN - E6.645.562 MS - Surgery performed to repair or correct the skeletal anomalies of the jaw and its associated dental and facial structures (e.g. CLEFT PALATE). HN - 2010 MH - Ottoman Empire UI - D057214 MN - Z1.586.687 MS - A sultanate comprised at various times of parts of EUROPE, ASIA, and AFRICA. Its period extends generally from 1301 to 1922. HN - 2010 MH - Ovule UI - D056771 MN - A18.24.249.500.249.249 MS - The element in plants that contains the female GAMETOPHYTES. HN - 2010 MH - Oxymonadida UI - D056899 MN - B1.625 MS - An order of EUKARYOTES found in the gut of termites and other insects that live on LIGNIN. MITOCHONDRIA and GOLGI APPARATUS are absent from oxymonads. AN - infection; coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Paenibacillus UI - D056507 MN - B3.300.390.400.645 MN - B3.510.100.645 MN - B3.510.415.400.645 MN - B3.510.460.410.645 MS - A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS in the family Paenibacillaceae. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2010 MH - Pagetoid Reticulosis UI - D056267 MN - C4.557.386.480.750.800.550.600 MN - C15.604.515.569.480.750.800.550.600 MN - C20.683.515.761.480.750.800.550.600 MS - A distinct variant of mycosis fungoides characterized by the presence of localized patches or plaques with an intraepidermal proliferation of neoplastic cells. AN - coordinate IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2010; use MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES 2008-2009 BX - Ketron-Goodman Disease BX - Woringer-Kolopp Disease MH - Parabasalidea UI - D056900 MN - B1.630 MS - A group (or phylum) of flagellated, anaerobic EUKARYOTES that are endosymbionts of animals. They lack mitochondria but contain small energy-producing hydrogenosomes. The group is comprised of two major classes: HYPERMASTIGIA and TRICHOMONADIDA. AN - infection; coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Patellofemoral Joint UI - D057071 MN - A2.835.583.475.650 MS - The articulation between the articular surface of the PATELLA and the patellar surface of the FEMUR. HN - 2010 MH - Pathology, Molecular UI - D057089 MN - H1.158.201.636.650 MN - H1.158.273.343.595.650 MN - H1.181.122.650.650 MN - H2.403.650.505 MS - A subspecialty of pathology concerned with the molecular basis (e.g., mutations) of various diseases. AN - use for the discipline (education, history, etc) only HN - 2010 BX - Diagnostic Molecular Pathology BX - Molecular Diagnostics MH - Patient Positioning UI - D056888 MN - E2.760.670 MN - N2.421.585.700 MS - Moving a patient into a specific position or POSTURE to facilitate examination, surgery, or for therapeutic purposes. AN - do not confuse with MOVING AND LIFTING PATIENTS HN - 2010 FX - Moving and Lifting Patients FX - Posture MH - Patient Preference UI - D057240 MN - N4.452.822.360.600.500 MN - N5.300.150.600.630.500 MS - Individual's expression of desirability or value of one course of action, outcome, or selection in contrast to others. AN - PATIENT SATISFACTION is also available HN - 2010; use PATIENT SATISFACTION 1997-2009 MH - Pelvic Organ Prolapse UI - D056887 MN - C23.300.842.500 MS - Abnormal descent of a pelvic organ resulting in the protrusion of the organ beyond its normal anatomical confines. Symptoms often include vaginal discomfort, DYSPAREUNIA; URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE; and FECAL INCONTINENCE. HN - 2010 MH - Pentastomida UI - D057078 MN - B1.50.500.131.365.640 MS - A subclass of CRUSTACEA comprising the tongue worms which are obligatory parasites of reptiles, birds, and mammals including humans. AN - infection: coordinate (IM) with PARASITIC DISEASES (IM) or PARASITIC DISEASES, ANIMAL (IM) HN - 2010 BX - Linguatula serrata BX - Tongue Worms MH - Period Circadian Proteins UI - D056950 MN - D12.644.128.575 MN - D12.776.157.530.750.687 MN - D12.776.189.625 MN - D12.776.543.585.750.687 MS - Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS. HN - 2010(2001) MH - Periprosthetic Fractures UI - D057068 MN - C21.866.404.550 MS - Fractures around joint replacement prosthetics or implants. They can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively. HN - 2010 MH - Peritoneal Fibrosis UI - D056627 MN - C6.844.610 MN - C23.550.355.625 MS - Disorder characterized by a wide range of structural changes in PERITONEUM, resulting from fibrogenic or inflammatory processes. Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication in patients receiving PERITONEAL DIALYSIS and contributes to its gradual decrease in efficiency. HN - 2010 BX - Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis BX - Peritoneal Fibrosing Syndrome BX - Peritoneal Sclerosis FX - Peritoneal Dialysis FX - Retroperitoneal Fibrosis MH - Photoelectron Spectroscopy UI - D056951 MN - E5.196.867.618 MS - The study of the energy of electrons ejected from matter by the photoelectric effect, i.e., as a direct result of absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation. As the energies of the electrons are characteristic of a specific element, the measurement of the energy of these electrons is a technique used to determine the chemical composition of surfaces. HN - 2010 BX - Photoelectron Spectrometry MH - Phototropins UI - D056949 MN - D12.776.765.593.750 MS - Blue-light receptors that regulate a range of physiological responses in PLANTS. Examples include: PHOTOTROPISM, light-induced stomatal opening, and CHLOROPLAST movements in response to changes in light intensity. HN - 2010(1990); for PHOTROPIN use CHRYPTOCHROME PROTEINS 1990-2009 MH - Piriformis Muscle Syndrome UI - D055958 MN - C10.597.617.682.675 MN - C10.668.829.500.675.399 MN - C10.668.829.550.500 MN - C10.668.829.600.675 MN - C23.888.592.612.664.675 MN - C23.888.646.508.675 MN - C23.888.646.587.750 MS - A chronic PELVIC PAIN characterized by pain deep in the buttock that may radiate to posterior aspects of the leg. It is caused by the piriformis muscle compressing or irritating the SCIATIC NERVE due to trauma, hypertrophy, inflammation or anatomic variations. HN - 2010 MH - Plasmodiophorida UI - D056909 MN - B1.680.150.600 MS - A group of EUKARYOTES that are parasites of plants. Life cycle stages include zoospores and plasmodia. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 BX - Plasmodiophora BX - Polymyxa MH - Pleasure UI - D057181 MN - F1.470.867 MN - F2.830.816.492 MS - Sensation of enjoyment or gratification. HN - 2010 MH - Pneumocytes UI - D056809 MN - A4.411.715.512 MN - A11.436.714 MS - Epithelial cells that line the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. HN - 2010 MH - Pongo UI - D057079 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.801.400.112.400.635 MS - A genus of orangutans in the family HOMINIDAE, comprising two species. Among the PRIMATES, the orangutan is second in size only to the gorilla (GORILLA GORILLA). AN - diseases: coordinate IM with APE DISEASES (IM) + specific disease /vet (IM) HN - 2010 MH - Pongo abelii UI - D057080 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.801.400.112.400.635.50 MS - A species of orangutan, family HOMINIDAE, found in the forests on the island of Sumatra. AN - diseases: coordinate IM with APE DISEASES (IM) + specific disease /vet (IM) HN - 2010 BX - Orangutan, Sumatran MH - Poroma UI - D057091 MN - C4.557.470.35.175.125.600 MN - C4.557.470.550.175.125.600 MS - A benign adnexal neoplasm composed of EPITHELIAL CELLS. They typically manifest as solitary papules and occur only in the skin. AN - coordinate IM with SWEAT GLAND NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2010 BX - Eccrine Poroma BX - Hidracanthoma Simplex FX - Eccrine Porocarcinoma MH - Position-Specific Scoring Matrices UI - D056510 MN - E5.318.740.600.650 MN - E5.393.760.670 MN - G2.111.570.580.175.500 MS - Tabular numerical representations of sequence motifs displaying their variability as likelihood values for each possible residue at each position in a sequence. Position-specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) are calculated from position frequency matrices. HN - 2010 BX - Position-Specific Weight Matrices MH - Post-Exposure Prophylaxis UI - D056990 MN - N2.421.726.755 MS - The prevention of infection or disease following exposure to a pathogen. This is most frequently addressed by administering a vaccine or anti-viral medication following exposure to a virus. HN - 2010 MH - Postcards UI - D056571 MN - V2.731 MS - Cards on which a message may be written or printed for mailing without an envelope. Art & Architectural Thesaurus Online www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/aat/ accessed 12/18/2008 AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type. Used by catalogers only; CATALOG: Do not use for current materials. HN - 2010 MH - Posters as Topic UI - D057175 MN - L1.178.820.90.703 MS - Single or multi-sheet notices made to attract attention to events, activities, causes, goods, or services. They are for display, usually in a public place and are chiefly pictorial. AN - do not confuse with the Publication Type POSTERS HN - 2010 MH - Prebiotics UI - D056692 MN - D9.698.718.622 MN - J2.500.400.500 MN - J2.500.456.249 MN - J2.500.525.400.500 MS - Non-digestible food ingredients mostly of a carbohydrate base that improve human health by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of existing bacteria in the colon. AN - Do not confuse with PROBIOTICS HN - 2010 FX - Probiotics MH - Preoperative Period UI - D057234 MN - E4.645 MS - The period before a surgical operation. HN - 2010 MH - Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia UI - D057178 MN - C10.228.140.380.132.600 MN - C10.228.140.380.266.600 MN - C10.574.950.300.600 MN - C10.597.606.150.500.800.100.155.600 MN - C18.452.845.800.300.600 MN - C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100.155.600 MN - F3.87.400.125.600 MN - F3.87.400.380.600 MS - A form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and a progressive form of dementia characterized by motor speech impairment and AGRAMMATISM, with relative sparing of single word comprehension and semantic memory. HN - 2010; use APHASIA, PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE 2001-2009 BX - Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia MH - Proboscidea Mammal UI - D056662 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.833 MS - An order of MAMMALS that feeds using their trunks. It contains one family, the Elephantidae, comprised of two living genera of ELEPHANTS plus the extinct MAMMOTHS and MASTODONS. AN - do not confuse the order Proboscidea with the Proboscidea plant genus (PEDALIACEAE). HN - 2010; use ELEPHANTS 2003-2009 MH - Product Recalls and Withdrawals UI - D057051 MN - N6.850.210.637 MS - The removal of a consumer product from the market place. The reason for the removal can be due a variety of causes, including the discovery of a manufacturing defect, a safety issue with the product's use, or marketing decisions. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2010 MH - Prolactin-Releasing Hormone UI - D056690 MN - D6.472.699.327.967 MN - D12.644.400.400.967 MN - D12.644.548.365.967 MN - D12.776.641.650.405.967 MS - A hypothalamic hormone that is synthesized as a precursor protein which is cleaved into two peptides. In addition to stimulating PROLACTIN release the peptides bind to specific G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS found at locations within the BRAIN. HN - 2010, 1975-2006; use THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE 2007-2009 MH - Prolidase Deficiency UI - D056732 MN - C16.131.77.735 MN - C16.131.831.720 MN - C16.320.565.100.794 MN - C16.320.850.746 MS - Rare autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism due to mutations in the prolidase gene. It is characterized by recurrent lower extremity skin ulcers, recurrent infections, and FACIES, often with mental retardation. HN - 2010 MH - Propensity Score UI - D057216 MN - E5.318.740.600.675 MN - N5.715.360.750.625.620 MN - N6.850.520.830.600.650 MS - Conditional probability of exposure to a treatment given observed covariates. HN - 2010 MH - Propionic Acidemia UI - D056693 MN - C16.320.565.100.823 MN - C18.452.648.100.823 MS - Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia. HN - 2010 BX - Glycinemia, Ketotic BX - Ketotic Glycinemia BX - Ketotic Hyperglycinemia BX - PCC Deficiency BX - Propionicacidemia BX - Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency FX - Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxylase MH - Proteostasis Deficiencies UI - D057165 MN - C18.452.845 MS - Disorders caused by imbalances in the protein homeostasis network - synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins; post-translational modifications; and degradation or clearance of misfolded proteins. HN - 2010 BX - Protein Misfolding Disorders MH - Pterygopalatine Fossa UI - D056739 MN - A2.835.232.781.670 MS - A small space in the skull between the MAXILLA and the SPHENOID BONE, medial to the pterygomaxillary fissure, and connecting to the NASAL CAVITY via the sphenopalatine foramen. HN - 2010 MH - Pyriform Sinus UI - D056144 MN - A4.623.490.600 MS - A recess on each side in the wall of the HYPOPHARYNX. HN - 2010 MH - Radio Frequency Identification Device UI - D057233 MN - E7.715 MN - N4.452.653.500 MS - Machine readable patient or equipment identification device using radio frequency from 125 kHz to 5.8 Ghz. HN - 2010 BX - Radio Frequency Identification MH - Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors UI - D057050 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.93 MN - D12.776.543.750.60.233 MS - A family of cell surface receptors that were originally identified by their structural homology to neurotropic TYROSINE KINASES and referred to as orphan receptors because the associated ligand and signaling pathways were unknown. Evidence for the functionality of these proteins has been established by experiments showing that disruption of the orphan receptor genes results in developmental defects. AN - do not confuse with ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS HN - 2010 MH - Recreation Therapy UI - D057173 MN - E2.831.580 MS - The enhancement of physical, cognitive, emotional and social skills so an individual may participate in chosen activities. Recreational modalities are used in designed intervention strategies, incorporating individual's interests to make the therapy process meaningful and relevant. HN - 2010 MH - Regurgitation, Gastric UI - D057045 MN - C6.405.117.119.500.484.500 MS - GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX wherein the retrograde flow passes through the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER HN - 2010; for REGURGITATION, GASTRIC use GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX 1984-2009, use REGURGITATION, GASTRIC 1967-1978 BX - Gastric Aspiration BX - Laryngopharyngeal Reflux FX - Esophageal Sphincter, Upper FX - Pneumonia, Aspiration MH - Renal Colic UI - D056844 MN - C23.888.646.100.600.500 MN - C23.888.646.100.800 MN - C23.888.821.30.500.500 MN - C23.888.821.30.750 MS - A severe pain in the lower back radiating to the groin, scrotum, and labia which is most commonly caused by a kidney stone (RENAL CALCULUS) passing through the URETER or by other urinary track blockage. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, restlessness, dull pain, frequent urination, and HEMATURIA. HN - 2010 BX - Acute Renal Colic BX - Ureteral Colic MH - Republic of Korea UI - D056910 MN - Z1.252.474.557.750 MS - The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. HN - 2010 BX - Korea, Republic of BX - South Korea MH - Research Support, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act UI - D057666 MN - V4.500.249 AN - for all articles as supported under the ARRA Act HN - 2010 MH - Respiratory Rate UI - D056152 MN - E1.370.600.875.875 MN - G9.772.770.755.730 MS - The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute. HN - 2010 BX - Respiration Rate MH - Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins UI - D056286 MN - D12.644.360.24.328 MN - D12.776.157.57.158 MN - D12.776.476.24.414 MN - D12.776.660.769 MS - A family of endogenous regulatory proteins that associate with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN via a specific high-affinity binding domain. Members of this family of proteins are often found associated with histone-modifying enzymes and protein complexes that regulate gene expression. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2010 BX - Retinoblastoma Protein Binding Proteins MH - Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1 UI - D056465 MN - D12.644.360.24.328.100 MN - D12.776.157.57.158.100 MN - D12.776.476.24.414.100 MN - D12.776.660.769.100 MS - A ubiquitously expressed regulatory protein that contains a retinoblastoma protein binding domain and an AT-rich interactive domain. The protein may play a role in recruiting HISTONE DEACETYLASES to the site of RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN-containing transcriptional repressor complexes. HN - 2010 MH - Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2 UI - D056485 MN - D8.811.682.662.582.475.500.500 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.388.200 MN - D12.644.360.24.328.200 MN - D12.776.157.57.158.200 MN - D12.776.476.24.414.200 MN - D12.776.660.769.200 MS - A retinoblastoma binding protein that is also a member of the Jumonji-domain histone demethylases. It has demethylation activity towards specific LYSINE residues found on HISTONE H3. HN - 2010 MH - Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4 UI - D056505 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.500.775 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.750.775 MN - D8.811.600.620.775 MN - D8.811.600.795.775 MN - D12.644.360.24.328.600 MN - D12.776.157.57.158.600 MN - D12.776.476.24.414.600 MN - D12.776.580.219.200.500 MN - D12.776.660.769.600 MS - A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and transcription repression. Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 where it plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. HN - 2010 MH - Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 7 UI - D056524 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.500.887 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.750.887 MN - D8.811.600.620.887 MN - D8.811.600.795.887 MN - D12.644.360.24.328.700 MN - D12.776.157.57.158.700 MN - D12.776.476.24.414.700 MN - D12.776.660.769.700 MS - A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is found as a subunit of protein complexes involved in the acetylation of newly synthesized histones. Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein, it also has an affinity for core HISTONES and plays a role in recruiting core histone proteins to the active site of the acetyltransferase enzyme complexes. HN - 2010 MH - Retortamonadidae UI - D056919 MN - B1.675 MS - A family of flagellated EUKARYOTES that live in the intestines of several invertebrate and vertebrate species. AN - infection; coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010; for CHILOMASTIX use INVERTEBRATES 1992-2009 MH - Rheumatoid Vasculitis UI - D056653 MN - C5.550.114.154.728 MN - C5.799.114.728 MN - C14.907.940.897.750 MN - C17.300.775.99.728 MN - C20.111.199.581 MS - Necrotizing VASCULITIS of small and medium size vessels, developing as a complication in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients. It is characterized by peripheral vascular lesions, cutaneous ULCERS, peripheral GANGRENE, and MONONEURITIS MULTIPLEX. HN - 2010 MH - Rhizaria UI - D056901 MN - B1.680 MS - A large supergroup of mostly amoeboid EUKARYOTES whose three main subgroups are CERCOZOA; FORAMINIFERA; and HAPLOSPORIDA. Nearly all of the species possess MITOCHONDRIA and historically many were considered ANIMALS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS (IM); coordinate with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2010 MH - Safety-Based Drug Withdrawals UI - D056737 MN - I1.880.604.605.250.812 MN - N4.452.706.310.750 MN - N6.850.210.637.700 MS - Removal of a drug from the market due to the identification of an intrinsic property of the drug that results in a serious risk to public health. AN - DRUG RECALLS is also available HN - 2010 FX - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems FX - Drug Recalls MH - Safety-Based Medical Device Withdrawals UI - D057053 MN - N6.850.210.637.750 MS - Removal of a MEDICAL DEVICE from the market due to the identification of an intrinsic property of the device that results in a serious risk to public health. AN - MEDICAL DEVICE RECALLS is also available HN - 2010 BX - Biomedical Device Safety Withdrawals MH - Sarcopenia UI - D055948 MN - C10.597.613.612.500 MN - C23.300.70.500.500 MN - C23.888.592.608.612.500 MS - Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles. HN - 2010 MH - Scanning Laser Polarimetry UI - D057109 MN - E1.370.380.655 MS - A technique of diagnostic imaging of RETINA or CORNEA of the human eye involving the measurement and interpretation of polarizing ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES such as radio or light waves. It is helpful in the diagnosis of GLAUCOMA; MACULAR DEGENERATION; and other retinal disorders. HN - 2010 MH - Search Engine UI - D057386 MN - L1.470.875 MS - Software used to locate data or information stored in machine-readable form locally or at a distance such as an INTERNET site. HN - 2010 FX - Software MH - Sedentary Lifestyle UI - D057185 MN - F1.829.458.705 MS - Usual level of physical activity that is less than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on most days of the week. HN - 2010 MH - Segmental Duplications, Genomic UI - D056916 MN - G2.111.570.80.708.565 MN - G5.360.80.708.565 MS - Low-copy (2-50) repetitive DNA elements that are highly homologous and range in size from 1000 to 400,000 base pairs. HN - 2010 BX - Segmental Duplications FX - Gene Duplication MH - Septal Occluder Device UI - D055989 MN - E7.695.715 MS - A CATHETER-delivered implant used for closing abnormal holes in the cardiovascular system, especially HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS; or passageways intentionally made during cardiovascular surgical procedures. HN - 2010 MH - Sequence Inversion UI - D057345 MN - G5.355.600.805 MN - G5.365.590.770 MS - The deletion and reinsertion of a segment of a nucleic acid sequence in the same place, but flipped in an opposite orientation. HN - 2010; use CHROMOSOME INVERSION 2005-2009 BX - Inversion, Sequence MH - Serine Proteases UI - D057057 MN - D8.811.277.656.959 MS - Peptide hydrolases that contain at the active site a SERINE residue involved in catalysis. AN - do not confuse with SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES HN - 2010, 1988-1999; use SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES 2000-2009 BX - Serine Proteinases MH - Shellfish Poisoning UI - D057096 MN - C21.613.415.792 MS - Poisoning from toxins present in bivalve mollusks that have been ingested. Four distinct types of shellfish poisoning are recognized based on the toxin involved. AN - coordinate with specific shellfish if pertinent HN - 2010 FX - Harmful Algal Bloom MH - Silver-Russell Syndrome UI - D056730 MN - C5.660.207.925 MN - C16.131.77.855 MN - C16.131.260.870 MN - C16.320.180.870 MN - C16.320.240.937 MS - Genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, bilateral body asymmetry, and clinodactyly of the fifth fingers. Alterations in GENETIC IMPRINTING are involved. Hypomethylation of IGF2/H19 locus near an imprinting center region of chromosome 11p15 plays a role in a subset of Silver-Russell syndrome. Hypermethylation of the same chromosomal region, on the other hand, can cause BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME. Maternal UNIPARENTAL DISOMY for chromosome 7 is known to play a role in its etiology. HN - 2010 BX - Silver Russell Dwarfism BX - Silver-Russell Dwarfism FX - Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome MH - Simian T-lymphotropic virus 3 UI - D056185 MN - B4.820.650.200.735.750 MN - B4.909.574.807.200.735.750 MN - B4.909.574.807.805.858 MN - B4.909.777.731.200.735.750 MS - Strains of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3 isolated from diverse primate species. AN - infection: coordinate IM with DELTARETROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) if pertinent HN - 2010; use PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 3 2002-2009 BX - Simian T-lymphotropic virus-L BX - STLV-3 MH - Sin3 Histone Deacetylase and Corepressor Complex UI - D056264 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.750 MN - D8.811.600.795 MN - D12.776.930.700.625.750 MS - A multisubunit enzyme complex that regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION by deacetylating the HISTONE residues of NUCLEOSOMES. HN - 2010(2001) MH - Single Embryo Transfer UI - D056826 MN - E2.875.800.500.500 MN - E5.820.800.500.500 MS - The techniques used to select and/or place only one embryo from FERTILIZATION IN VITRO into the uterine cavity to establish a singleton pregnancy. AN - mammalian only; transfer of non-mammalian embryo = EMBRYO, NONMAMMALIAN / transpl or CHICK EMBRYO / transpl HN - 2010 MH - Single-Chain Antibodies UI - D057127 MN - D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.800 MN - D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.800 MN - D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.800 MS - A form of antibodies (scFv) consisting of the variable regions of only the heavy and light chains, connected by a small linker peptide. They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use. HN - 2010 MH - Sirtuin 1 UI - D056564 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.200.650.100 MN - D12.776.476.900.100 MS - A sirtuin family member found primarily in the CELL NUCLEUS. It is an NAD-dependent deacetylase with specificity towards HISTONES and a variety of proteins involved in gene regulation. HN - 2010 MH - Sirtuin 2 UI - D056565 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.200.650.200 MN - D8.811.913.400.725.115.961.200 MN - D12.776.476.900.200 MS - A sirtuin family member found primarily in the CYTOPLASM. It is a multifunctional enzyme that contains a NAD-dependent deacetylase activity that is specific for HISTONES and a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. HN - 2010 MH - Sirtuin 3 UI - D056566 MN - D8.811.277.87.520.200.650.600 MN - D8.811.913.400.725.115.961.600 MN - D12.776.476.900.600 MN - D12.776.575.875 MS - A sirtuin family member found primarily in MITOCHONDRIA. It is a multifunctional enzyme that contains a NAD-dependent deacetylase activity that is specific for HISTONES and a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. HN - 2010 MH - Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Cytosine-N(4)-Specific) UI - D057265 MN - D8.811.913.555.500.350.100.750 MS - A DNA-methyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE to the exocyclic NH2 group at the 4 position of CYTOSINE. HN - 2010 MH - Sleep Medicine Specialty UI - D056508 MN - H2.403.429.865 MS - A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of SLEEP DISORDERS and their causes. AN - use for the discipline (education, history, etc) only; do not use for sleep medications HN - 2010 MH - Slit Ventricle Syndrome UI - D056124 MN - C10.597.617.947 MN - C23.550.767.884 MN - C23.888.592.612.441.500 MN - C23.888.646.487.500 MS - An intermittent and self-limiting headache disorder in individuals with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS emplaced for the treatment of HYDROCEPHALUS. The symptoms of headache, vomiting, and cranial neuropathies are associated with intermittent obstruction of the shunt. HN - 2010 MH - Sternotomy UI - D056346 MN - E4.928.710 MS - Making an incision in the STERNUM. HN - 2010 MH - Stroop Test UI - D057190 MN - F4.711.513.703 MS - Timed test in which the subject must read a list of words or identify colors presented with varying instructions and different degrees of distraction. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary. 8th ed.) HN - 2010 MH - Susac Syndrome UI - D055955 MN - C9.218.855 MN - C10.228.140.300.787 MN - C10.597.825 MN - C11.768.400.500 MN - C11.966.858 MN - C14.907.137.780.500 MN - C23.888.307.750 MN - C23.888.592.848 MS - A rare disorder consisting of microangiopathy of brain, retina, and inner ear ARTERIOLES. It is characterized by the clinical triad of encephalopathy, BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION and VERTIGO/hearing loss. HN - 2010 BX - Susac's Syndrome MH - Systemic Vasculitis UI - D056647 MN - C14.907.940.897 MS - A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the blood vessel walls. HN - 2010 MH - t-Complex Genome Region UI - D056427 MN - G5.360.340.24.380.968 MS - A 20 cM region of mouse chromosome 17 that is represented by a least two HAPLOTYPES. One of the haplotypes is referred to as the t-haplotype and contains an unusual array of mutations that affect embryonic development and male fertility. The t-haplotype is maintained in the gene pool by the presence of unusual features that prevent its recombination. AN - check the tag MICE HN - 2010 BX - t-Complex Region MH - TDP-43 Proteinopathies UI - D057177 MN - C10.574.950 MN - C18.452.845.800 MS - Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease. HN - 2010 MH - Teaching Rounds UI - D056164 MN - I2.358.399.644.500 MS - Systematic discussions and teaching relating to patient care. HN - 2010 BX - Attending Rounds BX - Grand Rounds BX - Morning Report MH - Theory of Mind UI - D056345 MN - F2.463.689 MN - F2.739.897 MS - The ability to attribute mental states (e.g., beliefs, desires, feelings, intentions, thoughts, etc.) to self and to others, allowing an individual to understand and infer behavior on the basis of the mental states. Difference or deficit in theory of mind is associated with ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUTISTIC DISORDER; and SCHIZOPHRENIA, etc. HN - 2010 BX - Mentalizing MH - Therapeutic Equipoise UI - D057212 MN - K1.316.333.132.750.775 MN - K1.316.366.700 MS - Expectation of real uncertainty on the part of the investigator regarding the comparative therapeutic merits of each arm in a trial. HN - 2010 MH - Therapeutic Misconception UI - D055990 MN - I1.880.604.473.650.960 MN - K1.316.366.850 MS - Misunderstanding among individuals, frequently research subjects, of scientific methods such as randomization and placebo controls. HN - 2010 FX - Informed Consent MH - Thermoactinomyces UI - D056509 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.800 MN - B3.300.390.400.850 MN - B3.510.100.800 MN - B3.510.415.400.850 MN - B3.510.460.410.850 MS - A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, that can cause FARMER'S LUNG. HN - 2010; use MICROMONOSPORACEAE 1993-2009 MH - Thermosomes UI - D056405 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.142.750.750 MN - D12.776.90.825 MN - D12.776.580.216.210.795.750 MS - Group II chaperonins found in species of ARCHAEA. HN - 2010 BX - Thermosome MH - Thrombotic Microangiopathies UI - D057049 MN - C15.378.140.855.925 MS - Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation. HN - 2010 FX - Thrombosis MH - Thyrotropin Alfa UI - D057073 MN - D6.472.699.631.525.883.374 MS - A highly purified recombinant glycoprotein form of human THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, produced by recombinant DNA technology comprising two non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit of 92 amino acid residues containing two N-linked glycosylation sites, and a beta subunit of 118 residues containing one N-linked glycosylation site. The amino acid sequence of thyrotropin alfa is identical to that of human pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone. HN - 2010 MH - Thyroxine-Binding Globulin UI - D056825 MN - D12.644.861.762 MN - D12.776.124.885.500 MN - D12.776.157.785.500 MN - D12.776.395.832.500 MN - D12.776.872.762 MS - A thyroid hormone transport protein found in serum. It binds about 75% of circulating THYROXINE and 70% of circulating TRIIODOTHYRONINE. HN - 2010(1992); use THYROXINE-BINDING PROTEINS 1992-2009 MH - Tooth Wear UI - D057085 MN - C7.793.818 MS - Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes AN - note specifics TOOTH ABRASION; TOOTH ATTRITION; & TOOTH EROSION are also available HN - 2010; Tooth Erosion (1999-2009) BX - Dental Wear MH - Translational Research UI - D057170 MN - H1.770.644.145.675 MS - The application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and studies in humans. A second area of translational research concerns enhancing the adoption of best practices AN - translational research as a field or the progress or status of translational research in a particular field; do not add routinely for specific studies involving "translational research" HN - 2010 MH - Travel Medicine UI - D057236 MN - H2.403.850 MS - Multidisciplinary field focusing on prevention of infectious diseases and patient safety during international TRAVEL. Key element of the pretravel physician's visit is a health risk assessment. AN - the discipline (education, history, etc) only; use TRAVEL for studies of health and medical issues related to travel HN - 2010; for MEDICINE, EMPORIATRIC & EMPORIATRICS use TRAVEL 1993-2009 BX - Emporiatrics BX - Medicine, Emporiatric MH - Tsunamis UI - D057192 MN - G1.311.340.843 MN - G1.595.340.787 MS - Series of ocean waves produced by geologic events or underwater LANDSLIDES. These waves can travel at speeds averaging 450 (and up to 600) miles per hour in the open ocean. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2010; use TIDAL WAVES (2009) BX - Tsunami MH - Ubiquitinated Proteins UI - D057149 MN - D12.776.938 MS - Proteins covalently modified with UBIQUITINS or UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEINS. AN - UBIQUITINATION is also available HN - 2010; use Ubiquitination 2008-2009 FX - Ubiquitination MH - Unfolded Protein Response UI - D056811 MN - G2.111.87.693.600.850 MN - G2.149.115.675.871.790.600.850 MN - G3.495.770.871.790.600.850 MS - A cellular response to environmental insults that cause disruptions in PROTEIN FOLDING and/or accumulation of defectively folded protein in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. It consists of a group of regulatory cascades that are triggered as a response to altered levels of calcium and/or the redox state of the endoplasmic reticulum. Persistent activation of the unfolded protein response leads to the induction of APOPTOSIS. HN - 2010 MH - Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis UI - D056824 MN - C14.907.355.830.925.885 MS - DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS of an upper extremity vein (e.g., AXILLARY VEIN; SUBCLAVIAN VEIN; and JUGULAR VEINS). It is associated with mechanical factors (Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Primary) secondary to other anatomic factors (Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Secondary). Symptoms may include sudden onset of pain, warmth, redness, blueness, and swelling in the arm. HN - 2010 BX - Effort-Induced Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis BX - Effort-Related Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis BX - Exercise-Induced Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis BX - Idiopathic Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis BX - Paget-Schroetter Syndrome BX - Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Primary MH - Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn UI - D056806 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.937 MN - C16.320.565.100.940 MN - C16.320.565.189.937 MN - C18.452.132.100.937 MN - C18.452.648.100.940 MN - C18.452.648.189.937 MS - Rare congenital metabolism disorders of the urea cycle. The disorders are due to mutations that result in complete (neonatal onset) or partial (childhood or adult onset) inactivity of an enzyme, involved in the urea cycle. Neonatal onset results in clinical features that include irritability, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, NEONATAL HYPOTONIA; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; coma, and death. Survivors of the neonatal onset and childhood/adult onset disorders share common risks for ENCEPHALOPATHIES, METABOLIC, INBORN; and RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS due to HYPERAMMONEMIA. HN - 2010 BX - Inborn Urea Cycle Disorder BX - Urea Cycle Disorders MH - Uropathogenic Escherichia coli UI - D056689 MN - B3.440.450.425.325.300.900 MN - B3.660.250.150.180.100.900 MS - Strains of Escherichia coli that preferentially grow and persist within the urinary tract. They exhibit certain virulence factors and strategies that cause urinary tract infections. AN - infection: coordinate IM with ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS (IM) + URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2010 MH - Uterine Artery UI - D055988 MN - A7.231.114.940 MS - A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus. HN - 2010 FX - Uterine Artery Embolization MH - Varroidae UI - D057077 MN - B1.50.500.131.166.132.419.900 MS - A family of MITES in the subclass ACARI. It includes the single genus Varroa. HN - 2010 BX - Varroa MH - Vasa Previa UI - D055949 MN - C13.703.420.952 MS - Pregnancy complication where fetal blood vessels, normally inside the umbilical cord, are left unprotected and cross FETAL MEMBRANES. It is associated with antepartum bleeding and FETAL DEATH and STILLBIRTH due to exsanguination. AN - check the tags FEMALE and PREGNANCY HN - 2010 MH - Vasoplegia UI - D056987 MN - C14.907.946 MN - C23.550.767.962 MS - Condition of low SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE that develops secondary to other conditions such as ANAPHYLAXIS; SEPSIS; SURGICAL SHOCK; and SEPTIC SHOCK. Vasoplegia that develops during or post surgery (e.g., CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS) is called postoperative vasoplegic syndrome or vasoplegic syndrome. HN - 2010 BX - Post-operative Vasoplegic Syndrome BX - Postoperative Vasoplegic Syndrome BX - Vasoplegic Syndrome MH - Viral Structures UI - D056224 MN - A21 MS - The structural parts of the VIRION. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2010 BX - Virus Structures MH - Viral Tropism UI - D056189 MN - G6.590.875.712 MN - G6.920.875.712 MS - The specificity of a virus for infecting a particular type of cell or tissue. AN - coordinate with specific virus /physiol HN - 2010 BX - Tropism, Viral MH - Virus Release UI - D057074 MN - G6.590.875.776 MN - G6.920.875.776 MS - Release of a virus from the host cell following VIRUS ASSEMBLY and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, EXOCYTOSIS, or budding through the plasma membrane. AN - do not confuse with VIRUS SHEDDING HN - 2010 BX - Virus Budding BX - Virus Egress FX - Virus Shedding MH - Vital Signs UI - D055986 MN - E1.370.600.875 MS - The signs of life that may be monitored or measured, namely pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood pressure. HN - 2010 MH - Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging UI - D056969 MN - E1.370.350.887 MS - Optical imaging techniques used for recording patterns of electrical activity in tissues by monitoring transmembrane potentials via FLUORESCENCE imaging with voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes. HN - 2010 MH - von Willebrand Disease, Type 1 UI - D056725 MN - C15.378.100.100.900.100 MN - C15.378.100.141.900.100 MN - C15.378.463.920.100 MN - C16.320.99.920.100 MS - A subtype of von Willebrand disease that results from a partial deficiency of VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. HN - 2010 MH - von Willebrand Disease, Type 2 UI - D056728 MN - C15.378.100.100.900.200 MN - C15.378.100.141.900.200 MN - C15.378.463.920.200 MN - C16.320.99.920.200 MS - A subtype of von Willebrand disease that results from qualitative deficiencies of VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. The subtype is divided into several variants with each variant having a distinctive pattern of PLATELET-interaction. HN - 2010 MH - von Willebrand Disease, Type 3 UI - D056729 MN - C15.378.100.100.900.300 MN - C15.378.100.141.900.300 MN - C15.378.463.920.300 MN - C16.320.99.920.300 MS - A subtype of von Willebrand disease that results from a total or near total deficiency of VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. HN - 2010 MH - Vulvodynia UI - D056650 MN - C13.351.500.944.951 MS - Complex pain syndrome with unknown etiology, characterized by constant or intermittent generalized vulva pain (Generalized vulvodynia) or localized burning sensations in the VESTIBULE area when pressure is applied (Vestibulodynia, or Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome). Typically, vulvar tissue with vulvodynia appears normal without infection or skin disease. Vulvodynia impacts negatively on a woman's quality of life as it interferes with sexual and daily activities. AN - do not confuse with VULVAR VESTIBULITIS HN - 2010; for Vestibulodynia, use VULVAR VESTIBULITIS SYNDROME 2008-2009 BX - Generalized Vulvodynia BX - Vestibulodynia FX - Vulvar Vestibulitis MH - Webcasts UI - D057405 MN - V2.999 MS - Content from transmission of live or pre-recorded audio or video via connection or download from the INTERNET. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type; webcasts as a subject are indexed under the main heading WEBCASTS AS TOPIC HN - 2010 MH - Webcasts as Topic UI - D057211 MN - L1.178.847.900.500 MS - Transmission of live or pre-recorded audio or video content via connection or download from the INTERNET. AN - do not confuse with the Publication Type WEBCASTS HN - 2010 MH - Weill-Marchesani Syndrome UI - D056846 MN - C5.116.99.343.957 MN - C5.116.99.875 MN - C11.270.921 MN - C16.131.77.941 MN - C16.320.290.842 MN - C16.320.887 MN - C17.300.899 MS - Rare congenital disorder of connective tissue characterized by brachydactyly, joint stiffness, childhood onset of ocular abnormalities (e.g., microspherophakia, ECTOPIA LENTIS; GLAUCOMA), and proportionate short stature. Cardiovascular anomalies are occasionally seen. HN - 2010 BX - Mesodermal Dysmorphodystrophy, Congenital BX - Spherophakia Brachymorphia Syndrome BX - Weill Marchesani Syndrome BX - Weill-Marchesani Syndrome, Autosomal Recessive FX - Marfan Syndrome MH - Wet Macular Degeneration UI - D057135 MN - C11.768.585.439.622 MS - A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision. HN - 2010 MH - Workflow UI - D057188 MN - L1.906.893 MS - Description of pattern of recurrent functions or procedures frequently found in organizational processes, such as notification, decision, and action. HN - 2010 MH - X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy UI - D056928 MN - E5.196.867.972 MS - Analysis of the energy absorbed across a spectrum of x-ray energies/wavelengths to determine the chemical structure and electronic states of the absorbing medium. HN - 2010 BX - Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy MH - Yellow Nail Syndrome UI - D056684 MN - C16.320.962 MN - C17.800.529.819 MN - C17.800.621.968 MN - C23.300.820.500 MS - A rare condition characterized by the presence of yellow nails, LYMPHEDEMA, and/or PLEURAL EFFUSION with respiratory tract involvement. Abnormal lymphatic network may play a role in its etiology. Occasionally inherited, yellow nail syndrome mostly is sporadic without apparent family history. HN - 2010 FX - Lymphedema FX - Pleural Effusion