NEW (2009) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 10/20/2008) TOTAL 2009 NEW DESCRIPTORS = 446 MH - 2S Albumins, Plant UI - D055516 MN - D12.776.765.725.249 MS - A major class of water-soluble seed storage proteins. Many proteins from this class are major PLANT ALLERGENS. HN - 2009 MH - Ablation Techniques UI - D055011 MN - E4.14 MS - Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by hot liquids or microwave thermal heating, freezing (CRYOABLATION), chemical ablation, and photoablation with LASERS. AN - coordinate with organ or disease /surg HN - 2009 MH - Acid Ceramidase UI - D055573 MN - D8.811.277.87.250.100 MS - A ceramidase subtype that is active at acid pH. It plays an important role in sphingolipid degradation by catalyzing the lysosomal hydrolysis of ceramide to sphingosine and free fatty acid. Inherited deficiency of acid ceramidase activity results in FARBER LIPOGRANULOMATOSIS. HN - 2009(1982); use GALACTOSYLGALACTOSYLGLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE 1983-2008 MH - Acrocallosal Syndrome UI - D055673 MN - C10.500.70 MN - C16.131.666.70 MS - A condition caused by autosomal recessive gene mutations leading to hypogenesis or absence (agenesis) or of CORPUS CALLOSUM, the band of nerve fibers joining the two CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES. Clinical features include MENTAL RETARDATION; CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; digital malformations, and growth retardation. HN - 2009 BX - Corpus Callosum Agenesis MH - Acute Lung Injury UI - D055371 MN - C8.381.520.500 MS - A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological). HN - 2009; use RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT 1994-2008 BX - Lung Injury, Acute MH - Adenomyoepithelioma UI - D055331 MN - C4.557.435.108 MS - A mixed epithelial and myoepithelial neoplasm usually encountered within the breast. It is a multinodular lesion presenting with a bicellular pattern of proliferating epithelial and myoepithelial cells, which are regularly distributed in the glandular structures. HN - 2009 MH - Afghan Campaign 2001- UI - D055826 MN - K1.400.504.984.124 MS - Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces. HN - 2009 MH - Agrocybe UI - D055362 MN - B5.179.100.107 MS - A genus of saprobic mushrooms in the family Bolbitiaceae that grow in grass, dung, garden mulch, or in woods. HN - 2009 MH - Alkaline Ceramidase UI - D055574 MN - D8.811.277.87.250.300 MS - A ceramidase subtype that is active at alkaline pH. It is found at high levels within the SMALL INTESTINE. HN - 2009(2007); for ALKALINE CERAMIDASE use CERAMIDASES 2007-2008 MH - Allomyces UI - D055134 MN - B5.230.74 MS - A genus of aquatic fungi in the phylum BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA. It is abundant in warmer climates and exhibits true alternation of generations. HN - 2009 MH - alpha-Globins UI - D055542 MN - D12.776.124.400.434.320 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403.320 MS - Members of the alpha-globin family. In humans, they are encoded in a gene cluster on CHROMSOME 16. They include zeta-globin and alpha-globin. There are also pseudogenes of zeta (theta-zeta) and alpha (theta-alpha) in the cluster. Adult HEMOGLOBIN is comprised of 2 alpha-globin chains and 2 beta-globin chains. HN - 2009 BX - alpha-Globin MH - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases UI - D055372 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.85 MN - D12.644.360.62 MN - D12.776.476.62 MS - Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP. HN - 2009(1980) MH - Ankle Brachial Index UI - D055109 MN - E1.370.370.140.49 MS - Comparison of the BLOOD PRESSURE between the BRACHIAL ARTERY and the POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. It is a predictor of PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE. HN - 2009 MH - Anthracosis UI - D055008 MN - C8.381.483.581.62 MN - C8.381.520.702.62 MS - A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by accumulation of inhaled CARBON or coal dust. The disease can progress from asymptomatic anthracosis to massive lung fibrosis. This lung lesion usually occurs in coal miners, but can be seen in urban dwellers and tobacco smokers. HN - 2009; use PNEUMOCONIOSIS 2008 BX - Black Lung Disease BX - Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis MH - Antibodies, Immobilized UI - D055910 MN - D12.776.124.486.485.114.207 MN - D12.776.124.790.651.114.207 MN - D12.776.377.715.548.114.207 MN - D12.776.463.250 MS - Antibodies that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed. HN - 2009 BX - Immobilized Antibodies MH - Antigens, CD1d UI - D055610 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.100.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.894.80.500 MN - D23.101.100.110.100.500 MN - D23.101.100.894.80.500 MS - A major histocompatibily complex class I-like protein that plays a unique role in the presentation of lipid ANTIGENS to NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. HN - 2009(1999) MH - Antistatic Agents UI - D055359 MN - D27.720.66 MS - Chemical compounds applied to materials to reduce their retention of an electrostatic charge. HN - 2009 MH - Antley-Bixler Syndrome Phenotype UI - D054882 MN - C5.116.99.370.894.115 MN - C5.660.906.181 MN - C16.131.621.906.181 MN - C16.320.565.925.324 MN - C18.452.648.925.324 MS - An inherited condition characterized by multiple malformations of CARTILAGE and bone including CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; midface hypoplasia; radiohumeral SYNOSTOSIS; CHOANAL ATRESIA; femoral bowing; neonatal fractures; and multiple joint CONTRACTURES and, occasionally, urogenital, gastrointestinal or cardiac defects. In utero exposure to FLUCONAZOLE, as well as mutations in at least two separate genes are associated with this condition - POR (encoding P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase (NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE)) and FGFR2 (encoding FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2). HN - 2009 BX - Antley-Bixler Syndrome with Disordered Steroidogenesis BX - Antley-Bixler Syndrome, Autosomal Dominant MH - Antrodia UI - D055491 MN - B5.179.120.174.70 MS - A genus of brown-rot fungi in the family Coriolaceae. The biologically active ingredients of its species have potential pharmaceutical value. HN - 2009; use POLYPORALES 2006-2008 MH - Arcanobacterium UI - D055667 MN - B3.510.24.49.50.287 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.49.200 MS - A genus of facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria in the family ACTINOMYCETACEAE, order ACTINOMYCETALES. They are obligate parasites of the PHARYNX in humans and farm animals. AN - infection: coordinate IM with ACTINOMYCETALES INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2009 MH - Armillaria UI - D055392 MN - B5.179.100.125 MS - A genus of root and butt rot fungi in the family Tricholomataceae that produce rhizomorphs and are facultatively parasitic. Many species are pathogenic to trees causing Armillaria root disease. HN - 2009 MH - Aspartylglucosaminuria UI - D054880 MN - C16.320.565.595.100 MN - C18.452.648.595.100 MS - A recessively inherited, progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of GLYCOSYLASPARAGINASE activity. The lack of this enzyme activity results in the accumulation of N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine (the linkage unit of asparagine-linked glycoproteins) in LYSOSOMES. HN - 2009 MH - Astronomical Objects UI - D055587 MN - G1.60.249 MS - Aggregates of matter in outer space. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Astronomical Phenomena UI - D055580 MN - G1.60 MS - Aggregates of matter in outer space, such as stars, planets, comets, etc. and the properties and processes they undergo. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Astronomical Processes UI - D055588 MN - G1.60.374 MN - G1.595.60 MS - The behavior and interactions of matter and energy in outer space. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Athletic Tape UI - D055052 MN - E7.101.36 MN - E7.858.442.743.159 MS - Adhesive tape with the mechanical strength to resist stretching. It is applied to the skin to support, stabilize, and restrict movement to aid healing and/or prevent injuries of MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. HN - 2009 MH - Auriculotherapy UI - D055097 MN - E2.190.204 MS - Treatment of pain, drug addictions, or other ailments by stimulating the various points on the external ear (EAR AURICLES). It is based on the ancient Chinese practices of EAR ACUPUNCTURE, but sometimes magnets and other modes of stimulation are used. AN - AURICULAR ACUPUNCTURE see ACUPUNCTURE, EAR is also available HN - 2009 MH - Autovaccines UI - D054991 MN - D20.215.894.135.98 MS - Bacterial vaccines prepared from non-pathogenic, autologous bacteria of human origin. In Eastern Europe they are used in humans to treat chronic inflammatory disorders that are resistant to standard treatments. Worldwide they have veterinary use in all types of infectious disease. HN - 2009 BX - Autogenous Vaccines MH - Avalanches UI - D055875 MN - G1.311.340.111 MN - G1.595.340.111 MS - Mass of snow and/or ice falling down a mountain or incline. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009 BX - Avalanche MH - Bacterial Processes UI - D055683 MN - G6.99.112 MN - G6.590.110 MS - The functions, behavior, and activities of bacteria. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - beta-Globins UI - D055544 MN - D12.776.124.400.434.325 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403.325 MS - Members of the beta-globin family. In humans, they are encoded in a gene cluster on CHROMSOME 11. They include epsilon-globin, gamma-globin, delta-globin and beta-globin. There is also a pseudogene of beta (theta-beta) in the gene cluster. Adult HEMOGLOBIN is comprised of two ALPHA-GLOBIN chains and two beta-globin chains. HN - 2009 BX - beta-Globin MH - Bhopal Accidental Release UI - D055908 MN - K1.400.504.968.74 MN - N6.850.135.195.249 MS - 1984 accident in Bhopal, INDIA at a PESTICIDE facility, resulting when WATER entered a storage tank containing ISOCYANATES. The following accidental chemical release and uncontrolled reaction resulted in several thousand deaths. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent HN - 2009 MH - Biocatalysis UI - D055162 MN - G2.111.87.95 MN - G2.149.115.95 MN - G2.149.170.500 MN - G2.149.767.500.500 MN - G2.842.750.500.500 MN - G3.495.159 MS - The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES. AN - CATALYSIS is also available HN - 2009 MH - Biochemical Processes UI - D055438 MN - G2.111.87 MN - G2.149.115 MS - Chemical reactions or functions, enzymatic activities, and metabolic pathways of living things. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Biohazard Release UI - D055885 MN - N6.850.135.190 MS - Uncontrolled release of biological material from its containment. This either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a biological hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately. AN - for release resulting in disaster, coordinate with DISASTERS; for deliberate release of biological material, coordinate BIOHAZARD RELEASE with BIOTERRORISM; specify geographic location HN - 2009 BX - Accidents, Biological MH - Biological Processes UI - D055694 MN - G16.100 MS - Biological activities and function of the whole organism in human, animal, microorgansims, and plants, and of the biosphere. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Biophysical Phenomena UI - D055592 MN - G1.154 MS - The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Biophysical Concepts MH - Biophysical Processes UI - D055597 MN - G1.154.100 MN - G1.595.100 MS - Physical forces and actions in living things. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Biosurveillance UI - D055877 MN - N6.850.780.675.324 MS - Monitoring of information sources of potential value in detecting an emerging epidemic, whether naturally occurring or the result of bioterrorism. HN - 2009 MH - Blastocladiomycota UI - D055133 MN - B5.230 MS - A phylum of flagellated fungi, formerly the order Blastocladiales under CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. HN - 2009 MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 UI - D055395 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.49 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.900.500 MN - D12.644.276.948.500 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.100 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.100 MN - D12.776.467.948.500 MN - D23.529.942.200.100 MN - D23.529.948.500 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein family member that includes an active tolloid-like metalloproteinase domain. The metalloproteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 is specific for the removal of the C-propeptide of PROCOLLAGENS and may act as a regulator of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX deposition. Alternative splicing of MRNA for bone morphogenetic protein 1 results in the production of several PROTEIN ISOFORMS. HN - 2009(1978) MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 UI - D055430 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.900 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.49 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.900 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.49 MN - D23.529.942.200.900 MN - D23.529.942.300.49 MS - A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein 15 are linked to reproductive abnormalities such as PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE. HN - 2009(1993) for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 15 use GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 9 1993-2008 MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 UI - D055396 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.200 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.200 MN - D23.529.942.200.200 MS - A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS. HN - 2009(1993) MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 UI - D055398 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.300 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.300 MN - D23.529.942.200.300 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein that is found at high concentrations in a purified osteoinductive protein fraction from BONE. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 is referred to as osteogenin, however it may play a role in variety of developmental processes. HN - 2009(1989) MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 UI - D055415 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.400 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.400 MN - D23.529.942.200.400 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. HN - 2009(1996) MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 UI - D055417 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.500 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.500 MN - D23.529.942.200.500 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein that may play a role in CARTILAGE formation. It is a potent regulator of the growth of CHONDROCYTES and the synthesis of cartilage matrix proteins. Evidence for its role in cartilage formation can be seen in MICE, where genetic mutations that cause loss of bone morphogenetic protein 5 function result in the formation of small malformed ears. HN - 2009(1997) MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 UI - D055418 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.600 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.600 MN - D23.529.942.200.600 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of BONE formation. It plays additional roles in regulating CELL DIFFERENTATION of non-osteoblastic cell types and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. HN - 2009(2007) MH - Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 UI - D055419 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.700 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.700 MN - D23.529.942.200.700 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis. HN - 2009(1990) MH - Brettanomyces UI - D055168 MN - B5.381.137 MN - B5.930.150 MS - The anamorphic form of the yeast DEKKERA. It is implicated as a spoilage microorganism in wines. HN - 2009 MH - Bronchioles UI - D055745 MN - A4.411.125.500 MS - The small airways branching off the TERTIARY BRONCHI. Terminal bronchioles lead into several orders of respiratory bronchioles which in turn lead into alveolar ducts and then into PULMONARY ALVEOLI. AN - inflammation = BRONCHIOLITIS or specifics HN - 2009; use BRONCHI 1984-2008 MH - Bronchomalacia UI - D055091 MN - C5.182.895.249 MN - C8.127.719.500 MN - C16.131.621.953.249 MN - C17.300.182.895.249 MS - A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the BRONCHI. This results in a floppy bronchial wall making patency difficult to maintain. It is characterized by wheezing and difficult breathing. HN - 2009 BX - Chondromalacia of Bronchi MH - Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked UI - D055534 MN - C10.228.854.468.399 MN - C10.574.500.175 MN - C10.574.562.500.374 MN - C10.668.460.500.186 MN - C16.320.322.76 MS - An X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is due to a mutation of the gene encoding the ANDROGEN RECEPTOR. HN - 2009(2000); use MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL 2000-2008 BX - Kennedy Syndrome MH - Byssochlamys UI - D055323 MN - B5.107.320.125 MS - A genus of ascomycetous mold in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Byssochlamys species are responsible for spoilage and degradation of fruit and fruit juices. Anamorphs are found in the genus PAECILOMYCES. HN - 2009 MH - Campomelic Dysplasia UI - D055036 MN - C5.660.142 MN - C16.131.621.142 MS - A congenital disorder of CHONDROGENESIS and OSTEOGENESIS characterized by hypoplasia of endochondral bones. In most cases there is a curvature of the long bones especially the TIBIA with dimpling of the skin over the bowed areas, malformation of the pelvis and spine, 11 pairs of ribs, hypoplastic scapulae, club feet, micrognathia, CLEFT PALATE, tracheobronchomalacia, and in some patients male-to-female sex reversal (SEX REVERSAL, GONADAL). Most patients die in the neonatal period of respiratory distress. Campomelic dysplasia is associated with haploinsufficiency of the SOX9 gene (SRY-related HMG-box gene 9). HN - 2009 MH - Cape Verde UI - D055726 MN - Z1.58.290.190.258 MS - The republic consists of islands that are located in the mid-Atlantic Ocean about 300 miles off the west coast of Africa. The archipelago includes 10 islands and 5 islets, divided into the windward (Barlavento) and leeward (Sotavento) groups. The capital is Praia. HN - 2009; see Africa, Western 1983-2008 MH - Carbohydrate Biochemistry UI - D055731 MN - H1.158.201.85 MS - The study of the structure, biosynthesis, and function of CARBOHYDRATES and GLYCOSYLATION. AN - specialty; the biochemistry of carbohydrates = CARBOHYDRATES/chem HN - 2009; use GLYCOMICS 2008 MH - Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques UI - D055424 MN - E1.370.350.174 MS - Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the cardiac cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. AN - coordinate with specific type of imaging HN - 2009 MH - Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography UI - D055426 MN - E1.370.350.174.500 MN - E1.370.350.350.800.800.500 MN - E1.370.350.710.800.800.500 MN - E1.370.350.825.800.800.500 MN - E1.370.384.730.800.800.500 MS - Tomography using single-photon emitting RADIONUCLIDES to create images that are captured in times corresponding to various points in the cardiac cycle. AN - for gated blood-pool SPECT imaging, coordinate with GATED BLOOD-POOL IMAGING; for gated myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging, coordinate with MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING HN - 2009 MH - Catheter-Related Infections UI - D055499 MN - C1.539.195 MS - Infections resulting from the use of catheters. Proper aseptic technique, site of catheter placement, material composition, and virulence of the organism are all factors that can influence possible infection. AN - coordinate with CROSS INFECTION if pertinent HN - 2009 FX - Cross Infection MH - CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins UI - D055511 MN - D12.644.276.200 MN - D12.776.467.200 MN - D12.776.860.300.200 MN - D23.529.237 MS - A family of secreted proteins found associated with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and cell surface receptors. They are believed to play a role in modulating the effects of a variety of GROWTH FACTORS and PROTEASES at the cell membrane extracellular matrix. The CCN protein family is named after three protypical members; CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN 61; CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR; and NEPHROBLASTOMA OVEREXPRESSED PROTEIN. HN - 2009 MH - Cell Physiological Processes UI - D055648 MN - G4.299 MS - Cellular functions, mechanisms, and activities. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Cell-Derived Microparticles UI - D055252 MN - A11.284.149.165.82 MS - Extracellular membrane vesicles generated by the shedding of CELL MEMBRANES blebs. Microparticles originating from PLATELETS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and other cell types circulate in the peripheral blood and through the MICROVASCULATURE where larger cells cannot, functioning as active effectors in a variety of vascular processes such as INFLAMMATION; HEMOSTASIS; ANGIOGENESIS; and vascular reactivity. Increased levels are found following stimulation of bleb formation under normal or pathological conditions. HN - 2009 FX - Exosomes MH - Cemeteries UI - D055699 MN - I1.76.201.450.550.150.500 MS - Areas set apart as burial grounds. HN - 2009; use MORTUARY PRACTICE 1963-2008 MH - Ceramidases UI - D055572 MN - D8.811.277.87.250 MS - Amidohydrolases that are specific for the cleavage of the N-acyl linkage of CERAMIDES. Ceramidases are classified as acidic, neutral or basic according to the optimal pH with which they function. HN - 2009(1980) MH - Chemical Hazard Release UI - D055884 MN - N6.850.135.195 MS - Uncontrolled release of a chemical from its containment that either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a chemical hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately. AN - for release resulting in disaster, coordinate with DISASTERS; for deliberate release of chemicals, coordinate CHEMICAL HAZARD RELEASE with TERRORISM; specify geographic location HN - 2009 BX - Accidents, Chemical MH - Chemical Phenomena UI - D055598 MN - G2 MS - The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Chemical Concepts MH - Chemical Processes UI - D055599 MN - G2.149 MS - The reactions and interactions of atoms and molecules, the changes in their structure and composition, and associated energy changes. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Chromohalobacter UI - D055353 MN - B3.440.400.425.377.249 MN - B3.660.250.350.249 MS - A genus of gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacteria in the family HALOMONADACEAE. They are chemoorganotrophic and grow optimally in media containing 8-10% salt. HN - 2009; use HALOMONADACEAE 2004-2008 MH - Chromosomal Position Effects UI - D055012 MN - G5.355.315.203.124 MS - The effects on gene expression that depend on the location of a gene with respect to its neighboring genes and region of chromosome. Stable position effects are sequence dependent. Variegated position effects depend on whether the gene is located in or adjacent to HETEROCHROMATIN or EUCHROMATIN. HN - 2009 MH - Chronic Periodontitis UI - D055113 MN - C7.465.714.533.324 MS - Chronic inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is associated with the amount of DENTAL PLAQUE or DENTAL CALCULUS present. Chronic periodontitis occurs mostly in adults and was called adult periodontitis, but this disease can appear in young people. HN - 2009 MH - Chronobiology Discipline UI - D055881 MN - H1.158.580 MS - A multidisciplinary field of research and practice studying the periodicity of biological systems and the application of principles of chronobiology to various therapeutic strategies. Aging, biological rhythms, and cyclic phenomena are included. Statistical, computer-aided mathematical procedures are used to describe, in mathematical terminology, various biological functions over time. HN - 2009 FX - Chronobiology Phenomena FX - Chronotherapy FX - Drug Chronotherapy FX - Sleep Phase Chronotherapy MH - Climatic Processes UI - D055907 MN - G16.500.240.135 MS - Characteristic events occurring in the ATMOSPHERE during the interactions and transformation of various atmospheric components and conditions. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Clinical Governance UI - D054976 MN - N4.452.115 MS - A framework through which the United Kingdom's National Health Service organizations are accountable for continually improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish. (Scally and Donaldson, BMJ (4 July 1998): 61-65) HN - 2009 FX - Clinical Audit MH - Coelomomyces UI - D055135 MN - B5.230.200 MS - A genus of fungi in the phylum BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA. They exhibit complex life cycles and are parasitic on the larvae of MOSQUITOES. HN - 2009 MH - Color Vision UI - D055253 MN - F2.830.816.964.124 MN - G11.561.600.810.964.124 MN - G14.640.816.124 MS - Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm). AN - do not confuse with COLOR PERCEPTION HN - 2009 (1986) BX - Photopic Vision FX - Color Perception MH - Community-Based Participatory Research UI - D055812 MN - N5.425.104 MS - Collaborative process of research involving researchers and community representatives. HN - 2009 MH - Comparative Genomic Hybridization UI - D055028 MN - E5.393.285.240 MN - E5.393.520.500 MN - E5.393.661.187 MS - A method for analyzing and mapping differences in the copy number of specific genes or other large sequences between two sets of chromosomal DNA. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, or amplifications within the genomic DNA of an individual (with a tumor for example) or family members or population or between species. HN - 2009 MH - Cone Opsins UI - D055358 MN - D12.776.306.466.249 MN - D23.767.930.750.249 MS - Photosensitive proteins expressed in the CONE PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of cone photopigments. Cone opsins are classified by their peak absorption wavelengths. HN - 2009 BX - Blue-Sensitive Cone Opsins BX - Green-Sensitive Cone Opsins BX - Red-Sensitive Cone Opsins MH - Connective Tissue Growth Factor UI - D055513 MN - D12.644.276.200.100 MN - D12.776.467.200.100 MN - D12.776.860.300.200.100 MN - D23.529.237.100 MS - A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification. HN - 2009(1991) MH - Cookbooks UI - D055823 MN - V2.272 MS - Collections of recipes or instructions for preparation of food and organization of meals. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type. Used by catalogers only; cookbooks as a subject are indexed under the main heading COOKBOOKS AS TOPIC HN - 2009 MH - Cookbooks as Topic UI - D055927 MN - J1.576.423.200.200.500 MN - L1.178.682.192.402 MS - Set of instructions about how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions. AN - do not confuse with the Publication Type COOKBOOKS HN - 2009 MH - Coriolaceae UI - D055453 MN - B5.179.120.174 MS - A family of fungi, order POLYPORALES, found on decaying wood. HN - 2009 BX - Bjerkandera BX - Ceriporiopsis BX - Fomes BX - Fomitopsis MH - Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins UI - D055233 MN - D12.776.220.150 MN - D12.776.543.200 MS - A family of low molcular-weight proteins that contain PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN DOMAINS. Members of this family play a role in the formation of an insoluble cornified envelope beneath the plasma membrane of stratified squamous epithelial cells. HN - 2009 FX - Proline-Rich Protein Domains MH - Cortinarius UI - D055363 MN - B5.179.100.205 MS - A genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. When ingested, species of Cortinarius cause delayed acute RENAL FAILURE. AN - poisoning: coordinate with MUSHROOM POISONING HN - 2009, 1991-1996; use AGARICALES 1997-2008 and 1986-1990 MH - Costameres UI - D054974 MN - A11.284.149.165.165.142 MS - STRIATED MUSCLE cell components which anchor the MYOFIBRILS from the Z-bands to the SARCOLEMMA and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. Costameric proteins include the proteins of FOCAL ADHESIONS. HN - 2009 MH - Cranial Fontanelles UI - D055762 MN - A2.835.232.781.175 MS - Any of six membrane-covered openings between the CRANIAL SUTURES in the incompletely ossified skull of the fetus or newborn infant. The fontanelles normally close sometime after birth. HN - 2009 MH - Cremation UI - D055700 MN - I1.76.201.450.550.175 MS - Reducing a dead body to ashes by burning or incineration. HN - 2009; use MORTUARY PRACTICE 1979-2008 BX - Cremains MH - Curing Lights, Dental UI - D055117 MN - E6.186.104 MN - E7.222.104 MS - Light sources used to activate polymerization light-cured orthodontic adhesives (DENTAL CEMENTS). Degree of cure and bond strength depends on exposure time, wavelength, and intensity of the curing light. HN - 2009 BX - Dental Curing Lights MH - Cyathus UI - D055365 MN - B5.179.100.215 MS - A genus of saprophytic fungi in the family Nidulariaceae. They look like small bird's nests complete with eggs. The eggs are small capsules known as peridioles, which contain the spores. HN - 2009 MH - Cyclones UI - D055867 MN - G16.500.240.135.500 MS - Non-frontal low-pressure systems over tropical or sub-tropical waters with organized convection and definite pattern of surface wind circulation. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009 BX - Cyclone MH - Cystatin A UI - D055312 MN - D12.776.215.100 MS - A cytastin subtype found at high levels in the SKIN and in BLOOD CELLS. Cystatin A incorporates into the cornified cell envelope of stratified squamous epithelial cells and may play a role in bacteriostatic properties of skin. HN - 2009(1990); use CYSTATINS 1990-2008 MH - Cystatin B UI - D055313 MN - D12.776.215.200 MS - An intracellular cystatin subtype that is found in a broad variety of cell types. It is a cytosolic enzyme inhibitor that protects the cell against the proteolytic action of lysosomal enzymes such as CATHEPSINS. HN - 2009(1984) MH - Cystatin C UI - D055316 MN - D12.776.215.300 MS - An extracellular cystatin subtype that is abundantly expressed in bodily fluids. It may play a role in the inhibition of interstitial CYSTEINE PROTEASES. HN - 2009(1980) MH - Cystatin M UI - D055332 MN - D12.776.215.500 MN - D12.776.624.776.418 MS - A cystatin subtype that has a diverse tissue distribution, target specificity, and functions as an endogenous inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases. HN - 2009(1997) BX - Cystatin E MH - Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 UI - D055515 MN - D12.644.276.200.200 MN - D12.776.467.200.200 MN - D12.776.860.300.200.200 MN - D23.529.237.200 MS - A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It may play an important role in the development of branched CAPILLARIES during EMBRYOGENESIS. HN - 2009 MH - Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells UI - D055612 MN - A11.118.637.555.283 MN - A11.251.476 MN - A15.145.229.637.555.283 MN - A15.382.490.555.283 MS - Mononuclear leukocytes that have been expanded in CELL CULTURE and activated with CYTOKINES such as INTERLEUKIN-2 to produce large numbers of highly cytotoxic cells. HN - 2009 MH - DEAD Box Protein 20 UI - D055541 MN - D8.811.913.696.445.735.720.249.500 MN - D12.776.157.725.875.249 MN - D12.776.580.922.249 MN - D12.776.664.962.875.249 MS - A multifunctional protein that is both a DEAD-box RNA helicase and a component of the SMN protein complex. HN - 2009 MH - Debaromyces UI - D055165 MN - B5.107.795.190 MN - B5.930.323 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Debaryomyces hansenni is a salt-tolerant marine species. HN - 2009 MH - Dekkera UI - D055167 MN - B5.107.795.192 MN - B5.930.326 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. It has been implicated in wine spoilage. Anamorphic forms are found in the genus BRETTANOMYCES. HN - 2009 MH - Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia UI - D055191 MN - C23.550.767.137 MS - Abnormally slow pace of regaining CONSCIOUSNESS after general anesthesia (ANESTHESIA, GENERAL) usually given during surgical procedures. This condition is characterized by persistent somnolence. HN - 2009 BX - Delayed Awakening from Anesthesia BX - Delayed Awakening, Post-Anesthesia FX - Anesthesia Recovery Period MH - delta-Globins UI - D055546 MN - D12.776.124.400.434.325.249 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403.325.249 MS - A member of the beta-globin family. In humans, delta-globin is encoded in the beta-globin gene cluster located on CHROMOSOME 11. Two delta-globin chains along with two alpha-globin chains form HEMOGLOBIN A2 which makes up about 3% of the HEMOGLOBIN in adults. HN - 2009 BX - delta-Globin MH - delta-Thalassemia UI - D055538 MN - C15.378.71.141.150.875.575 MN - C15.378.420.826.200 MN - C16.320.70.875.575 MN - C16.320.365.826.575 MS - A hereditary disorder characterized by reduced or absent DELTA-GLOBIN thus effecting the level of HEMOGLOBIN A2, a minor component of adult hemoglobin monitored in the diagnosis of BETA-THALASSEMIA. AN - delta-beta thalassemia = DELTA-THALASSEMIA + BETA-THALASSEMIA HN - 2009 MH - Dental Bonding, Chemically-Cured UI - D055116 MN - E6.95.377 MS - The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via chemical reactions, usually involving two components. This type of dental bonding uses a self-cure or dual-cure system. HN - 2009 BX - Chemical-Curing of Dental Adhesives BX - Dual-Curing of Resin Cements BX - Self-Curing of Dental Resins MH - Dental Bonding, Light-Cured UI - D055115 MN - E6.95.585 MS - The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via exposure to light. HN - 2009 BX - Light-Curing of Dental Cements MH - Dental Physiological Processes UI - D055690 MN - G10.549.235 MS - Functions and activities of DENTITION as a whole. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Diet, Gluten-Free UI - D055050 MN - G7.610.240.265 MS - A diet which is devoid of GLUTENS from WHEAT; BARLEY; RYE; and other wheat-related varieties. The diet is designed to reduce exposure to those proteins in gluten that trigger INFLAMMATION of the small intestinal mucosa in patients with CELIAC DISEASE. HN - 2009 BX - Gluten-Free Diet MH - Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena UI - D055688 MN - G10 MS - Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and DENTITION as a whole or of any of its parts. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2009 BX - Digestive System and Oral Physiology MH - Dipodascus UI - D055157 MN - B5.107.795.200 MN - B5.930.330 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Dipodascaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. It is characterized by asci which have persistent walls and by smooth-walled ascospores. Anamorphs are in the genus GEOTRICHUM. HN - 2009 MH - Droughts UI - D055864 MN - G16.500.240.135.781 MN - G16.500.750.775.154 MS - Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009; use DISASTERS 1990-2008 BX - Drought MH - Drug Chronotherapy UI - D055870 MN - E2.168.500 MN - E2.319.283.400 MS - The adaptation of drug administration to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect. AN - coordinate with specific drug with probably / admin (IM) but do not coordinate with DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE or CIRCADIAN RHYTHM HN - 2009 MH - Drug Discovery UI - D055808 MN - E5.295 MN - H1.158.703.07.675 MN - H1.181.466.675 MS - The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use. HN - 2009; for DRUG PROSPECTING use DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL 2000-2009 MH - Drug Users UI - D055030 MN - M1.169 MS - People who take drugs for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. The drugs may be legal or illegal, but their use often results in adverse medical, legal, or social consequences for the users. AN - for drug users as persons only; for the disorder, use SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS HN - 2009 BX - Drug Abusers BX - Drug Addicts MH - Dysphonia UI - D055154 MN - C8.360.940.325 MN - C9.400.940.325 MN - C10.597.975.325 MN - C23.888.592.979.325 MS - Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking. HN - 2009 BX - Phonation Disorders BX - Spastic Dysphonia MH - Early Detection of Cancer UI - D055088 MN - E1.390.500 MS - Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior. HN - 2009 MH - Earthquakes UI - D055866 MN - G1.311.340.224 MN - G1.595.340.224 MS - Sudden slips on a fault, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slips, or by volcanic or magmatic activity, or other sudden stress changes in the earth. Faults are fractures along which the blocks of EARTH crust on either side have moved relative to one another parallel to the fracture. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009; use DISASTERS 1976-2008 MH - Ecological and Environmental Phenomena UI - D055669 MN - G16.500 MS - Ecological and environmental entities, characteristics, properties, relationships and processes. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Ecological and Environmental Concepts MH - Ecological and Environmental Processes UI - D055691 MN - G16.500.240 MS - Ecosystem and environmental activities, functions, or events. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Elastic Modulus UI - D055119 MN - G1.374.590.605 MS - Numerical expression indicating the measure of stiffness in a material. It is defined by the ratio of stress in a unit area of substance to the resulting deformation (strain). This allows the behavior of a material under load (such as bone) to be calculated. HN - 2009 BX - Young Modulus FX - Elasticity MH - Electrical Equipment and Supplies UI - D055615 MN - E7.305 MS - Apparatus and instruments that generate and operate with ELECTRICITY, and their electrical components. HN - 2009 BX - Electronic Equipment and Supplies FX - Electronics MH - Electrochemical Techniques UI - D055664 MN - E5.301 MS - The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues. HN - 2009 MH - Electromagnetic Phenomena UI - D055590 MN - G1.201 MS - Characteristics of ELECTRICITY and magnetism such as charged particles and the properties and behavior of charged particles, and other phenomena related to or associated with electromagnetism. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Electrical Concepts BX - Electromagnetic Concepts MH - Electron Microscope Tomography UI - D055032 MN - E1.370.350.825.249 MN - E5.595.402.580.239 MS - A tomographic technique for obtaining 3-dimensional images with transmission electron microscopy. AN - do not confuse entry term ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY with ELECTRON-BEAM TOMOGRAPHY see TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED HN - 2009 BX - Electron Tomography BX - Tomography, Electron BX - Tomography, Electron Microscope MH - Electronic Prescribing UI - D055695 MN - N2.421.668.778.750 MS - The use of COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS to store and transmit medical PRESCRIPTIONS. HN - 2009 FX - Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems FX - Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted FX - Medical Order Entry Systems MH - Electrophysiological Phenomena UI - D055724 MN - G7.265 MS - The electrical properties, characteristics of living organisms, and the processes of organisms or their parts that are involved in generating and responding to electrical charges. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Electrophysiological Concepts MH - Electrophysiological Processes UI - D055725 MN - G7.265.337 MN - G7.700.240 MS - The functions and activities of living organisms or their parts involved in generating and responding to electrical charges . AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Endocrine Cells UI - D055098 MN - A11.382 MS - Secretory cells of the ductless glands. They secrete HORMONES directly into the blood circulation (internal secretion) to be carried to the target cells. The secreted chemicals can be PEPTIDES; STEROIDS; NEUROPEPTIDES; or BIOGENIC AMINES. AN - general; prefer specific cell types HN - 2009 MH - Endometrial Ablation Techniques UI - D055356 MN - E4.14.240 MN - E4.950.300.320 MS - Procedures used for the targeted destruction of the mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity. HN - 2009 MH - Endomyces UI - D055159 MN - B5.107.795.230 MN - B5.930.340 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Endomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. They have been described as ascus-bearing parasites of basidiocarps, the fruiting bodies of BASIDIOMYCOTA. HN - 2009 MH - Epichloe UI - D055329 MN - B5.107.501.310 MS - A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, order HYPOCREALES, which are fungal symbionts of grasses. Anamorphic forms are in the genus NEOTYPHODIUM. HN - 2009 MH - epsilon-Globins UI - D055547 MN - D12.776.124.400.434.325.374 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403.325.374 MS - A member of the beta-globin family. In humans, epsilon-globin is encoded in the beta-globin gene cluster located on CHROMOSOME 11. Two epsilon-globin chains combine with two ZETA-GLOBIN chains to form the embryonic hemoglobin Gower I or two epsilon-globin chains combine with two ALPHA 2-GLOBIN chains to form the embryonic hemoglobin Gower II. HN - 2009 MH - Eremothecium UI - D055169 MN - B5.107.795.250 MN - B5.930.350 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Species in the genus are plant pathogens. HN - 2009; for EREMOTHECIUM use SACCHAROMYCETALES 1986-2008, use ASCOMYCOTA 1963-1985 MH - Eupenicillium UI - D055324 MN - B5.107.320.215 MS - A genus of endophytic, ascomycetous mold in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Anamorphic forms are in the genus PENICILLIUM. HN - 2009 MH - Eurotium UI - D055325 MN - B5.107.320.218 MS - A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Health effects, allergenicity, and toxicity of Eurotium are closely related to its anamorph ASPERGILLUS. HN - 2009 MH - Evidence-Based Dentistry UI - D055094 MN - H2.163.232 MN - H2.249.500 MS - An approach or process of practicing oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinical relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient's oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences. (from J Am Dent Assoc 134: 689, 2003) HN - 2009 BX - Dentistry, Evidence-Based FX - Evidence-Based Medicine FX - Evidence-Based Nursing MH - Evidence-Based Emergency Medicine UI - D055416 MN - H2.249.750.500 MN - H2.403.200.400.500 MS - A way of providing emergency medical care that is guided by a thoughtful integration of the best available scientific knowledge with clinical expertise in EMERGENCY MEDICINE. This approach allows the practitioner to critically assess research data, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to correctly identify the clinical problem, apply the most high-quality intervention, and re-evaluate the outcome for future improvement. AN - DF: EVIDENCE BASED EMERGENCY MED HN - 2009 BX - Emergency Medicine, Evidence-Based MH - Evidence-Based Nursing UI - D055318 MN - H2.249.875 MN - H2.478.197 MS - A way of providing nursing care that is guided by the integration of the best available scientific knowledge with nursing expertise. This approach requires nurses to critically assess relevant scientific data or research evidence, and to implement high-quality interventions for their nursing practice. HN - 2009 BX - Nursing, Evidence-Based FX - Evidence-Based Dentistry FX - Evidence-Based Medicine MH - Evidence-Based Practice UI - D055317 MN - H2.249 MS - A way of providing health care that is guided by a thoughtful integration of the best available scientific knowledge with clinical expertise. This approach allows the practitioner to critically assess research data, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to correctly identify the clinical problem, apply the most high-quality intervention, and re-evaluate the outcome for future improvement. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Evidence-Based Health Care MH - Exosomes UI - D055354 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495 MS - Vesicles secreted from MULTIVESICULAR BODIES into the extracellular environment when the multivesicular bodies fuse with the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Multivesicular bodies are formed from ENDOSOMES when they accumulate vesicles (sometimes referred to as "intraluminal vesicles") from inward budding of the endosome membrane. HN - 2009 FX - Cell-Derived Microparticles FX - Endosomes FX - Secretory Vesicles MH - Extreme Cold UI - D055873 MN - G16.500.750.775.232 MN - N6.230.300.100.725.154.500 MN - N6.230.300.100.725.710.300.500 MS - Below normal weather temperatures that may lead to serious health problems. Extreme cold is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people. HN - 2009 MH - Extreme Heat UI - D055874 MN - G16.500.750.775.271 MN - N6.230.300.100.725.232.500 MN - N6.230.300.100.725.710.380.500 MS - High temperature weather exceeding the average and of several weeks duration. Extreme cold is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people. HN - 2009 MH - Facilitated Diffusion UI - D055459 MN - G1.154.100.280 MN - G1.595.100.280 MN - G1.595.200.374 MN - G2.149.767.560.500 MN - G2.842.750.560.500 MN - G3.495.166.427 MS - The passive movement of molecules exceeding the rate expected by simple diffusion. No energy is expended in the process. It is achieved by the introduction of passively diffusing molecules to an enviroment or path that is more favorable to the movement of those molecules. Examples of facilitated diffusion are passive transport of hydrophilic substances across a lipid membrane through hydrophilic pores that traverse the membrane, and the sliding of a DNA BINDING PROTEIN along a strand of DNA. HN - 2009 MH - Failed Back Surgery Syndrome UI - D055111 MN - C10.597.617.152.199 MN - C23.550.767.225 MS - A condition of persistent pain and discomfort in the BACK and the LEG following lumbar surgery, often seen in patients enrolled in pain centers. HN - 2009 MH - Farber Lipogranulomatosis UI - D055577 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.250 MN - C16.320.565.189.435.825.250 MN - C16.320.565.398.641.803.325 MN - C16.320.565.595.554.825.250 MN - C18.452.132.100.435.825.250 MN - C18.452.584.687.803.325 MN - C18.452.648.189.435.825.250 MN - C18.452.648.398.641.803.325 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.250 MS - A sphingolipidosis subtype that is characterized by the histological appearance of granulomatous deposits in tissues. It results from the accumulation of CERAMIDES in various tissues due to an inherited deficiency of ACID CERAMIDASE. HN - 2009 MH - Flammulina UI - D055393 MN - B5.179.100.320 MS - A genus of mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae, whose species are characterized by a slimy cap (FRUITING BODIES, FUNGAL). HN - 2009 MH - Floods UI - D055868 MN - G16.500.240.135.812 MS - Sudden onset water phenomena with different speed of occurance. These include flash floods, seasonal river floods, and coastal floods, associated with CYCLONES, TIDALWAVES, and storm surges. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009; use DISASTERS 1982-2008 MH - Formularies UI - D055824 MN - V2.480 MS - Works that consist of lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type. Used by catalogers only; formularies as a subject are indexed under the main heading FORMULARIES AS TOPIC HN - 2009 MH - Galaxies UI - D055608 MN - G1.60.249.320 MS - Large aggregates of CELESTIAL STARS; COSMIC DUST; and gas. (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) HN - 2009; use ASTRONOMY 1995-2008 MH - gamma-Globins UI - D055545 MN - D12.776.124.400.434.325.500 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403.325.500 MS - Members of the beta-globin family. In humans, two non-allelic types of gamma-globin - A gamma and G gamma are encoded in the beta-globin gene cluster on CHROMOSOME 11. Two gamma-globin chains combine with two ZETA-GLOBIN chains to form the embryonic hemoglobin Portland. Fetal HEMOGLOBIN F is formed from two gamma-globin chains combined with two ALPHA-GLOBIN chains. HN - 2009 BX - gamma-Globin MH - Gemini of Coiled Bodies UI - D055531 MN - A11.284.430.106.279.345.447 MS - Small, punctate nuclear structures found in close proximity to COILED BODIES. They are enriched with SMN COMPLEX PROTEINS and may play a role in the processing of SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS. HN - 2009 FX - Coiled Bodies FX - SMN Complex Proteins MH - Gene Knock-In Techniques UI - D055879 MN - E5.393.335.249 MS - Techniques used to add in exogenous gene sequence such as mutated genes; REPORTER GENES, to study mechanisms of gene expression; or regulatory control sequences, to study effects of temporal changes to GENE EXPRESSION. AN - GENE KNOCKDOWN TECHNIQUES and GENE KNOCKOUT TECHNIQUES are also available HN - 2009 MH - Gene Knockdown Techniques UI - D055785 MN - E5.393.335.500 MS - The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES. AN - GENE KNOCK-IN TECHNIQUES and GENE KNOCKOUT TECHNIQUES are also available HN - 2009 BX - Gene Knock Down Techniques MH - Gene Knockout Techniques UI - D055786 MN - E5.393.335.750 MS - Techniques to alter a gene sequence that result in an inactivated gene, or one in which the expression can be inactivated at a chosen time during development to study the loss of function of a gene. AN - GENE KNOCKDOWN TECHNIQUES and GENE KNOCK-IN TECHNIQUES are also available HN - 2009 BX - Gene Knock-Out Techniques FX - Mice, Knockout MH - Genetic Phenomena UI - D055614 MN - G5 MS - The processes, properties and biological objects that are involved in maintaining, expressing, and transmitting from one organism to another, genetically encoded traits. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 FX - Genetics MH - Genome-Wide Association Study UI - D055106 MN - E5.393.760.640.500 MS - An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers, in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition and healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition. HN - 2009 BX - Genome Wide Association Analysis BX - Genome Wide Association Study MH - Geological Phenomena UI - D055593 MN - G1.311 MS - The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Geological Concepts MH - Geological Processes UI - D055594 MN - G1.311.340 MN - G1.595.340 MS - Events and activities happening with the Earth and it structures. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Glomeromycota UI - D055137 MN - B5.320 MS - A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS. HN - 2009 MH - Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells UI - D055014 MN - A11.148.378.590.675 MN - A11.627.635.675 MN - A11.872.378.590.635 MN - A15.378.316.378.590.675 MS - The parent cells that give rise to both cells of the GRANULOCYTE lineage and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. HN - 2009 BX - Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitors MH - Gray Platelet Syndrome UI - D055652 MN - C15.378.140.427 MN - C16.320.99.417 MS - A rare, inherited platelet disorder characterized by a selective deficiency in the number and contents of platelet alpha-granules. It is associated with THROMBOCYTOPENIA, enlarged platelets, and prolonged bleeding time. HN - 2009 MH - Green Chemistry Technology UI - D055772 MN - J1.256.350 MN - J1.897.360 MS - Pollution prevention through the design of effective chemical products that have low or no toxicity and use of chemical processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. HN - 2009 MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 1 UI - D055452 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.100 MN - D12.644.276.954.550.100 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.100 MN - D12.776.467.942.550.100 MN - D23.529.942.300.100 MN - D23.529.942.550.100 MS - A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development. Evidence for this role is seen in MICE where loss of growth differentiation factor 1 function results in right-left isomerism of visceral organs. In HUMANS heterozygous loss of growth differentiation factor 1 function has been associated with CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS and TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT VESSELS. HN - 2009(2005) MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 10 UI - D055413 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.950 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.900 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.950 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.900 MN - D23.529.942.200.950 MN - D23.529.942.300.900 MS - A growth differentiation factor that is closely-related in structure to BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 3. Growth differentiation factor 10 is found at high levels in BONE, however it plays an additional roles in regulating EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. HN - 2009; use BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 3 1989-2008 MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 15 UI - D055436 MN - D12.644.276.374.305 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.915 MN - D12.776.467.374.305 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.915 MN - D23.529.374.305 MN - D23.529.942.300.915 MS - A growth differentiation factor that is secreted in response to cell stress and in response to MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION. In addition growth differentiation factor 15 demonstrates a diverse array of biological properties including the induction of cartilage formation, the inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, and the induction of neuronal migration. HN - 2009(1997) MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 2 UI - D055427 MN - D12.644.276.954.200.910 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.200 MN - D12.776.467.942.200.910 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.200 MN - D23.529.942.200.910 MN - D23.529.942.300.200 MS - A growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse array of cell types during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and in the adult tissues. Growth differentiation factor 2 is also a potent regulator of CHONDROGENESIS and was previously referred to as bone morphogenetic protein 9. HN - 2009(2000) MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 3 UI - D055451 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.300 MN - D12.644.276.954.550.300 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.300 MN - D12.776.467.942.550.300 MN - D23.529.942.300.300 MN - D23.529.942.550.300 MS - A growth differentiation factor that may play a role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS by inhibiting the actions of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. Differentiation factor 3 is also considered a nodal signaling ligand that influences the genesis of left-right asymmetry. HN - 2009(1993) MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 5 UI - D055428 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.500 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.500 MN - D23.529.942.300.500 MS - A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation. HN - 2009(1994) MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 6 UI - D055431 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.600 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.600 MN - D23.529.942.300.600 MS - A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the retinal development of the EYE. HN - 2009(1994) MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 9 UI - D055429 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.800 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.800 MN - D23.529.942.300.800 MS - A bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis. HN - 2009(1993) MH - Growth Differentiation Factors UI - D055412 MN - D12.644.276.954.300 MN - D12.776.467.942.300 MN - D23.529.942.300 MS - A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers UI - D055768 MN - D2.355.726.601 MS - Compounds that contain two halogenated benzene rings linked via an OXYGEN atom. Many polybrominated diphenyl ethers are used as FLAME RETARDANTS. HN - 2009 MH - Halorubrum UI - D055352 MN - B7.200.400.400.445 MS - A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE which are chemoorganotrophic and strictly aerobic. They have been isolated from multiple hypersaline environments that vary widely in chemical and physical properties. HN - 2009 MH - Hanseniaspora UI - D055321 MN - B5.107.795.393 MN - B5.930.443 MS - A genus of the ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycodaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES, that contributes to the spontaneous fermentation of cider. Anamorphic forms are in the genus KLOECKERA. HN - 2009 MH - Hebeloma UI - D055364 MN - B5.179.100.360 MS - A genus of ectomycorrhizae basidiomycetous fungi in the family Cortinariaceae. Some species are poisonous. AN - poisoning: coordinate with MUSHROOM POISONING HN - 2009 MH - Hemangioblasts UI - D055018 MN - A11.436.275.365 MN - A11.872.378.270 MS - Bipotential angio-hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to both HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS and ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. AN - do not confuse with HEMANGIOBLASTOMA HN - 2009 MH - Hemoglobin Subunits UI - D055554 MN - D12.776.124.400.434 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403 MS - The PROTEIN SUBUNITS that comprise multimeric HEMOGLOBINS. HN - 2009 MH - Hepatic Stellate Cells UI - D055166 MN - A11.561 MS - Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells. HN - 2009 MH - Hospitals, Isolation UI - D055819 MN - N2.278.421.556.330 MS - Hospitals designed or used to isolate or quarantine persons with communicable diseases. AN - coordinate with hospital ownership term (e.g., HOSPITALS, COUNTY); specify geographic location if pertinent HN - 2009 MH - HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins UI - D055551 MN - D12.776.410.270.625 MN - D12.776.580.218.625 MS - A subfamily of small heat-shock proteins that function as molecular chaperones that aid in refolding of non-native proteins. They play a protective role that increases cellular survival during times of stress. HN - 2009(1989); use HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 1989-2008 MH - Hypodermoclysis UI - D055103 MN - E2.319.267.510.795.500 MN - E2.319.360.500 MS - Technique for treating DEHYDRATION and WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE by subcutaneous infusion of REHYDRATION SOLUTIONS. HN - 2009 MH - Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias UI - D054988 MN - C8.381.483.487 MS - A group of interstitial lung diseases with no known etiology. There are several entities with varying patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. They are classified by their distinct clinical-radiological-pathological features and prognosis. They include IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS; CRYPTOGENIC ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA; and others. HN - 2009 MH - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis UI - D054990 MN - C8.381.483.487.500 MN - C8.381.765.500 MS - A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change. AN - do not confuse with PULMONARY FIBROSIS HN - 2009 BX - Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis MH - Illness Behavior UI - D055809 MN - F1.145.499 MS - Coordinate set of non-specific behavioral responses to non-psychiatric illness. These may include loss of APPETITE or LIBIDO; disinterest in ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; or withdrawal from social interaction. HN - 2009; use Sick Role 1975-2008 FX - Sick Role MH - Immobilized Proteins UI - D055767 MN - D12.776.463 MS - Proteins that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed. The immobilization of proteins allows their use in chemical reactions without being diluted by solvent. HN - 2009 MH - Immune System Phenomena UI - D055633 MN - G12 MS - The characteristic properties and processes involved in IMMUNITY and an organism's immune response. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Immune System Processes UI - D055635 MN - G12.425 MS - Mechanisms of action and interactions of the components of the IMMUNE SYSTEM. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Immunogenetic Phenomena UI - D055261 MN - G12.500 MS - GENETIC PHENOMENA characterizing IMMUNITY and the immune response. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Immunogenetic Concepts MH - Immunogenetic Processes UI - D055260 MN - G12.425.742 MN - G12.500.349 MS - GENETIC PROCESSES involved in establishing immunity. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Immunological Synapses UI - D054992 MN - A11.284.149.165.420.548 MN - A15.382.370 MS - The interfaces between T-CELLS and ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS. Supramolecular organization of proteins takes place at these synapses involving various types of immune cells. Immunological synapses can have several functions including LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; enhancing, balancing, or terminating signaling; or directing cytokine secretion. HN - 2009 BX - Synapses, Immunological FX - Antigen Presentation MH - Infectious Disease Incubation Period UI - D055256 MN - N6.850.310.405 MS - The amount time between exposure to an infectious agent and becoming symptomatic. HN - 2009 MH - Infectious Disease Medicine UI - D055552 MN - H2.403.776.409.480 MS - A branch of internal medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of INFECTIOUS DISEASES. HN - 2009 BX - Infectious Diseases Specialty FX - Communicable Disease Control MH - Infusions, Subcutaneous UI - D055104 MN - E2.319.267.510.795 MS - The administration of liquid medication or nutrients under the skin, usually over minutes or hours. HN - 2009 BX - Subcutaneous Infusions MH - Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins UI - D055504 MN - D12.644.360.24.301 MN - D12.776.157.57.39 MN - D12.776.476.24.382 MS - A structurally-related group of signaling proteins that are phosphorylated by the INSULIN RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. The proteins share in common an N-terminal PHOSPHOLIPID-binding domain, a phosphotyrosine-binding domain that interacts with the phosphorylated INSULIN RECEPTOR, and a C-terminal TYROSINE-rich domain. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation insulin receptor substrate proteins interact with specific SH2 DOMAIN-containing proteins that are involved in insulin receptor signaling. HN - 2009(1992) MH - Integrative Medicine UI - D055048 MN - H2.403.400 MS - The discipline concerned with using the combination of conventional (allopathic) medicine and ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE to address the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of health and illness. HN - 2009 MH - Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena UI - D055827 MN - G13 MS - The properties and relationships and biological processes that characterize the nature and function of the SKIN and its appendages. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Interpleural Analgesia UI - D055770 MN - E3.91.430 MS - Injection of ANALGESICS; LOCAL ANESTHETICS; OR NARCOTICS into the PLEURAL CAVITY between the two pleural membranes. HN - 2009 BX - Intrapleural Analgesia MH - Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis UI - D055744 MN - C8.381.472.850.750 MS - Lung infections with the invasive forms of ASPERGILLUS, usually after surgery, transplantation, prolonged NEUTROPENIA or treatment with high-doses of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis can progress to CHRONIC NECROTIZING PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS or hematogenous spread to other organs. HN - 2009 BX - Chronic Necrotizing Pulmonary Aspergillosis MH - Inverted Repeat Sequences UI - D055029 MN - G2.111.570.80.708.800.325 MN - G5.360.80.708.800.325 MS - Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to each other (tandem) or be separated by some sequence that is not part of the repeat (hyphenated). They may be true palindromic repeats, i.e. read the same backwards as forward, or complementary which reads as the base complement in the opposite orientation. Complementary inverted repeats have the potential to form hairpin loop or stem-loop structures which results in cruciform structures (such as CRUCIFORM DNA) when the complementary inverted repeats occur in double stranded regions. HN - 2009; for INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCE use REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID 1990-2008 MH - Jewelry UI - D055498 MN - J1.637.502 MS - Objects of precious metal usually containing gems and worn to enhance personal appearance. Health concerns include possible contamination from lead content or bacteria. HN - 2009 MH - Journal Impact Factor UI - D055811 MN - L1.178.682.99.325.500 MN - L1.453.183.291.500 MS - A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time. HN - 2009 MH - Keratosis, Actinic UI - D055623 MN - C4.834.450 MN - C17.800.428.570 MS - White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. HN - 2009 BX - Actinic Keratosis MH - Ketogenic Diet UI - D055423 MN - E2.642.249.650 MN - G7.610.240.670 MS - A course of food intake that is high in FATS and low in CARBOHYDRATES. This diet provides sufficient PROTEINS for growth but insufficient amount of carbohydrates for the energy needs of the body. A ketogenic diet generates 80-90% of caloric requirements from fats and the remainder from proteins. HN - 2009 MH - Killer Factors, Yeast UI - D055646 MN - D12.776.354.374 MN - D23.946.587.531 MS - Protein factors released from one species of YEAST that are selectively toxic to another species of yeast. HN - 2009(1980) MH - Kloeckera UI - D055322 MN - B5.381.490 MN - B5.930.530 MS - A mitosporic fungal genus used in the fermentation of wine. Teleomorphs are in the genus HANSENIASPORA. HN - 2009 MH - Laccaria UI - D055399 MN - B5.179.100.502 MS - A genus of white-spored mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. They form symbiotic partnerships (MYCORRHIZAE) with trees. HN - 2009 MH - Landslides UI - D055876 MN - G1.311.340.674 MN - G1.595.340.674 MS - Downslope movements of soil and and/or rock resulting from natural phenomena or man made actions. These can be secondary effects of severe storms, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS and EARTHQUAKES. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009 MH - Laryngomalacia UI - D055092 MN - C5.182.310 MN - C8.360.563 MN - C9.400.563 MN - C16.131.621.568 MN - C17.300.182.310 MS - A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the LARYNX. This results in a floppy laryngeal wall making patency difficult to maintain. HN - 2009 BX - Chondromalacia of Larynx MH - Left-Right Determination Factors UI - D055458 MN - D12.644.276.954.550.475 MN - D12.776.467.942.550.475 MN - D23.529.942.550.475 MS - Signaling ligands that act in opposition to NODAL PROTEIN. During vertebrate development they regulate the degree of left-right asymmetry by controlling the spatiotemporal influence of NODAL PROTEIN. HN - 2009(1996) BX - Lefty Proteins MH - Light Signal Transduction UI - D055537 MN - G2.111.87.800.480 MN - G2.149.115.800.480 MN - G4.299.880.480 MS - The conversion of absorbed light energy into molecular signals AN - phototransduction in plants or microorganisms or non-image forming/non-visual phototransduction goes here; PHOTOTRANSDUCTION, VISUAL see VISION, OCULAR is also available HN - 2009 FX - Photoreceptors, Microbial FX - Photoreceptors, Plant MH - Lincosamides UI - D055231 MN - D3.383.773.532 MN - D9.408.471 MS - A family of LINCOMYCIN-related glycosides that contain a pyrrolidine ring linked via an amide-bond to a pyranose moiety. Individual members of this family are defined by the arrangement of specific constituent groups on the lyncomycin molecule. Many lincosamides are ANTIBIOTICS produced by a variety STREPTOMYCES species. HN - 2009 MH - Lipomyces UI - D055160 MN - B5.107.795.550 MN - B5.930.555 MS - A genus of ascomycetous soil yeast in the family Lipomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. HN - 2009 MH - Lipopeptides UI - D055666 MN - D10.477 MN - D12.644.365 MS - Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain. HN - 2009 MH - Lot Quality Assurance Sampling UI - D055810 MN - E5.318.308.461 MN - N5.715.360.775.700.500 MN - N6.850.520.308.461 MS - A sampling methodology using small sample sizes when conducting surveys in small geographical or population-based areas or lots. HN - 2009 MH - Lung Injury UI - D055370 MN - C8.381.520 MS - Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. AN - ACUTE LUNG INJURY and VENTILATOR-INDUCED LUNG INJURY are also available HN - 2009 MH - Lynch Syndrome II UI - D055847 MN - C4.700.250.500 MN - C16.320.700.250.500 MS - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms associated with other malignancies, more commonly of ovarian or uterine origin. When also associated with SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS, it is called MUIR-TORRE SYNDROME. HN - 2009; use COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS, HEREDITARY NONPOLYPOSIS 1992-2008 MH - Macrophage Activation Syndrome UI - D055501 MN - C20.683.515.800 MS - A serious complication of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders that is thought to be caused by excessive activation and proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. It is seen predominantly in children with systemic onset JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS. HN - 2009 MH - Magnetic Field Therapy UI - D055909 MN - E2.621 MS - The magnetic stimulation of specific target tissues or areas of the body for therapeutic purposes via the application of magnetic fields generated by magnets or electromagnets. HN - 2009 FX - Electric Stimulation Therapy MH - Marasmius UI - D055433 MN - B5.179.100.550 MS - A genus of tiny mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. They help break down the decaying organic matter of the forest floor. HN - 2009 MH - Mathematical Concepts UI - D055641 MN - G17 MS - Numeric or quantitative entities, descriptions, properties, relationships, operations, and events. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Mechanical Phenomena UI - D055595 MN - G1.374 MS - The properties and processes of materials that affect their behavior under force. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Mechanical Concepts MH - Mechanical Processes UI - D055596 MN - G1.374.676 MN - G1.595.540 MS - The behaviors of materials under force. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Medication Adherence UI - D055118 MN - F1.145.488.500.500 MN - N5.300.150.600.600.500 MS - Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency. AN - medication non-adherence goes here; distinguish from TREATMENT REFUSAL HN - 2009 BX - Medication Compliance BX - Medication Nonadherence FX - Treatment Refusal MH - Medicine, Korean Traditional UI - D055670 MN - E2.190.488.660.700 MN - I1.76.201.450.654.660.700 MS - Medical practice or discipline that is based on the knowledge, cultures, and beliefs of the people of KOREA. AN - for hand acupuncture (Koryo Sooji Chim) in Korean traditional medicine index ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY + HAND + MEDICINE, KOREAN TRADITIONAL HN - 2009 BX - Traditional Medicine, Korea MH - Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells UI - D055016 MN - A11.148.378.590.837.625 MN - A11.872.378.590.817.625 MN - A15.378.316.378.590.837.625 MS - The parent cells that give rise to cells in the MEGAKARYOCYTE lineage, and ultimately BLOOD PLATELETS. HN - 2009 MH - Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor Cells UI - D055015 MN - A11.148.378.590.837 MN - A11.872.378.590.817 MN - A15.378.316.378.590.837 MS - The parent cells that give rise to both cells of the MEGAKARYOCYTE and the ERYTHROCYTE lineages. HN - 2009 MH - Meningeal Carcinomatosis UI - D055756 MN - C4.588.614.250.580.150 MN - C10.551.240.500.150 MS - Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation. HN - 2009 BX - Carcinomatous Meningitis FX - Meningitis MH - Mesopic Vision UI - D055255 MN - F2.830.816.964.186 MN - G11.561.600.810.964.186 MN - G14.640.816.186 MS - The function of the eye that is used in the intermediate level of illumination (mesopic intensities) where both the RETINAL ROD PHOTORECEPTORS and the RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS are active in processing light input simultaneously. HN - 2009 MH - Metabolic Equivalent UI - D055686 MN - E1.370.600.337 MN - G3.730.365 MS - A measurement of OXYGEN uptake in a sitting, resting person (resting oxygen consumption), varying with age, sex, race, and other factors. In normal adult men, one MET is approximately 3.5 ml O2/kg/min of body weight. Oxygen uptake during activities or work can be measured in METs which can be use to determine health status and exercise prescription. HN - 2009 MH - Metabolic Phenomena UI - D055754 MN - G3 MS - The CHEMICAL PROCESSES that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism and related temporal, spatial, qualitative, and quantitative concepts. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Metabolic Concepts MH - Metabolome UI - D055442 MN - G3.500 MS - The dynamic collection of metabolites which represent a cell's or organism's net metabolic response to current conditions. HN - 2009 FX - Metabolism FX - Metabolomics MH - Metabolomics UI - D055432 MN - H1.158.201.586 MN - H1.158.273.180.599 MN - H1.181.122.638 MS - The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions. HN - 2009; use METABOLISM 2008 FX - Nutrigenomics MH - Meteorology UI - D055904 MN - H1.671.547 MS - The science of studying the characteristics of the atmosphere such as its temperature, density, winds, clouds, precipitation, and other atmospheric phenomena and aiming to account for the weather in terms of external influences and the basic laws of physics. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) HN - 2009; use METEROLOGY CONCEPTS 1977-2008 & WEATHER 1963-1976 MH - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus UI - D055624 MN - B3.510.400.790.750.100.500 MS - A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of METHICILLIN. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEINS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS or specfics HN - 2009 BX - MRSA FX - Methicillin Resistance MH - Metschnikowia UI - D055163 MN - B5.107.795.575 MN - B5.930.587 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Metschnikowiaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Its antifungal activity is used to inhibit postharvest decay of fruit. HN - 2009 MH - Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems UI - D055617 MN - E7.305.343 MN - J1.637.509 MS - A class of devices combining electrical and mechanical components that have at least one of the dimensions in the micrometer range (between 1 micron and 1 millimeter). They include sensors, actuators, microducts, and micropumps. HN - 2009 MH - Microbiological Processes UI - D055679 MN - G6.590 MS - Physiological functions, activities, and interactions of microorganisms, including ARCHAEA; BACTERIA; RICKETTSIA; VIRUSES; and many of the PROTOZOA; and FUNGI. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Microtechnology UI - D055616 MN - H1.570 MN - J1.897.520.500 MS - Manufacturing technology for making microscopic devices in the micrometer range (typically 1-100 micrometers), such as integrated circuits or MEMS. The process usually involves replication and parallel fabrication of hundreds or millions of identical structures using various thin film deposition techniques and carried out in environmentally-controlled clean rooms. HN - 2009 MH - Microvessels UI - D055806 MN - A7.231.461 MS - The finer blood vessels of the vasculature that are generally less than 100 microns in internal diameter. HN - 2009 BX - Microvasculature MH - Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials UI - D055369 MN - G4.580.887.500 MN - G7.265.337.900.750.560 MN - G7.265.750.887.500 MN - G7.700.240.900.750.560 MN - G11.561.570.918.500 MN - G11.561.600.835.750.560 MS - Postsynaptic potentials generated from a release of neurotransmitters from a presynaptic nerve terminal in the absence of an ACTION POTENTIAL. They may be m.e.p.p.s (miniature EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS) or m.i.p.p.s (miniature INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS). AN - for miniature end plate potentials or miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials coordinate with EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS; for miniature inhibitory postsynaptic potentials coordinate with INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS HN - 2009 MH - Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells UI - D055017 MN - A11.148.378.590.675.750 MN - A11.148.580.500 MN - A11.627.482.665 MN - A11.627.624.249 MN - A11.627.635.675.750 MN - A11.872.378.590.635.875 MN - A15.378.316.378.590.675.750 MS - Parent cells in the lineage that gives rise to MONOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. HN - 2009 BX - Monoblasts BX - Promonocytes MH - Morgellons Disease UI - D055535 MN - C17.800.518 MS - An unexplained illness which is characterized by skin manifestations including non-healing lesions, itching, and the appearance of fibers. There appears to be a strong association with LYME DISEASE. HN - 2009 MH - Moving and Lifting Patients UI - D055805 MN - N2.421.585.684 MS - Moving or repositioning patients within their beds, from bed to bed, bed to chair, or otherwise from one posture or surface to another. AN - do not confuse with PATIENT TRANSFER (interfacility or intrahospital transfer for administrative reasons with regard to special care or economics) or with TRANSPORTATION OF PATIENTS HN - 2009 BX - Patient Moving and Lifting FX - Transportation of Patients MH - MP3-Player UI - D055539 MN - L1.178.820.90.615 MS - Portable electronics device for storing and playing audio and or media files. MP3 for MPEG-1 audio layer 3, is a digital coding format. HN - 2009 MH - Mucin 5AC UI - D055271 MN - D12.776.395.560.631.300.500 MS - A gel-forming mucin that is primarily found on the surface of gastric epithelium and in the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Mucin 5AC was originally identified as two distinct proteins, however a single gene encodes the protein which gives rise to the mucin 5A and mucin 5C variants. HN - 2009(1997) MH - Mucin-2 UI - D055262 MN - D12.776.395.560.631.161 MS - A gel-forming mucin found predominantly in SMALL INTESTINE and variety of mucous membrane-containing organs. It provides a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents. HN - 2009(1993) MH - Mucin-3 UI - D055263 MN - D12.776.395.550.565 MN - D12.776.395.560.631.184 MN - D12.776.543.550.542 MS - A membrane-bound mucin subtype that is primarily found in INTESTINAL MUCOSA. Two closely-related subtypes of this protein have been identified in humans. HN - 2009(1995) MH - Mucin-4 UI - D055264 MN - D12.644.360.534 MN - D12.776.395.560.631.195 MN - D12.776.476.534 MS - A transmembrane mucin that is found in a broad variety of epithelial tissue. Mucin-4 may play a role in regulating cellular adhesion and in cell surface signaling from the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. Mucin-4 is a heterodimer of alpha and beta chains. The alpha and beta chains result from the proteolytic cleavage of a precursor protein. HN - 2009(1986) MH - Mucin-5B UI - D055257 MN - D12.644.848.750 MN - D12.776.395.560.631.207 MN - D12.776.850.850 MS - A gel-forming mucin that is predominantly expressed by submucosal glands of airway tissues and the SUBLINGUAL GLAND. It is one of the principal components of high molecular weight salivary mucin. HN - 2009(1997) MH - Mucin-6 UI - D055272 MN - D12.776.395.560.631.300.750 MS - A gel-forming mucin that is predominantly associated with the gastric epithelium. HN - 2009(1997) MH - Muir-Torre Syndrome UI - D055653 MN - C4.588.805.578.500 MN - C4.700.250.500.500 MN - C16.320.700.250.500.500 MN - C17.800.794.712.500 MN - C17.800.827.610 MN - C17.800.882.712.500 MS - A form of LYNCH SYNDROME II associated with cutaneous SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS. Muir-Torre syndrome is also associated with other visceral malignant diseases include colorectal, endometrial, urological, and upper gastrointestinal neoplasms. HN - 2009 MH - Multilevel Analysis UI - D055361 MN - N6.850.520.830.562 MS - The statistical manipulation of hierarchically and non-hierarchically nested data. It includes clustered data, such as a sample of subjects within a group of schools. Prevalent in the social, behavioral sciences, and biomedical sciences, both linear and nonlinear regression models are applied. HN - 2009 MH - Multiple Pulmonary Nodules UI - D055613 MN - C4.588.894.797.520.237 MN - C8.381.540.148 MN - C8.785.520.148 MS - A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions. AN - if neoplastic, coordinate with LUNG NEOPLASMS; if non-neoplastic, do not coordinate with LUNG DISEASES HN - 2009 MH - Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena UI - D055687 MN - G11 MS - Properties, and processes of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM and the NERVOUS SYSTEM or their parts. AN - used for searching: indexers and catalogers apply specifics HN - 2009 BX - Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology MH - Myocardial Perfusion Imaging UI - D055414 MN - E1.370.350.710.600.500 MN - E1.370.370.380.500 MN - E1.370.384.730.354.500 MS - The creation and display of functional images showing where the blood is flowing into the MYOCARDIUM by following over time the distribution of tracers injected into the blood stream. HN - 2009 MH - Myostatin UI - D055435 MN - D12.644.276.954.300.925 MN - D12.776.467.942.300.925 MN - D23.529.942.300.925 MS - A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood. HN - 2009(1997) BX - Growth Differentiation Factor 8 MH - Myxobolus UI - D055766 MN - B1.500.308.550.500 MS - The largest genus in the family Myxobolidae, class MYXOSPOREA, containing over 400 species. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PARASITIC DISEASES, ANIMAL (IM) or PARASITIC DISEASES if in humans HN - 2009 MH - Myxozoa UI - D055764 MN - B1.500.308.550 MS - Single-celled, aquatic endoparasitic worms that are currently considered belonging to the phylum CNIDARIA. They have a complex life cycle and parasitize a wide range of hosts including FISHES; ANNELIDIA; and BRYOZOA. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PARASITIC DISEASES, ANIMAL (IM) or PARASITIC DISEASES if in humans HN - 2009 MH - Nasal Cartilages UI - D055171 MN - A2.165.407.550 MN - A4.531.413 MS - Hyaline cartilages in the nose. There are five major nasal cartilages including two lateral, two alar, and one septal. HN - 2009 MH - Nasal Lavage UI - D055556 MN - E5.510.573 MS - Irrigation of the nose with saline or irrigation solutions for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is used to remove irritants, allergens, or microorganisms from the nose. AN - do not confuse with NASAL LAVAGE FLUID, the washings obtained by lavage HN - 2009 MH - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke UI - D055825 MN - I1.409.137.500.600.480.461 MN - N3.540.348.500.500.600.480.461 MS - Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It supports and conducts research, both basic and clinical, on the normal and diseases nervous system. It was established in 1950. AN - add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL or RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., INTRAMURAL; CATALOG: use NAF entry HN - 2009 MH - Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 UI - D055627 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.750.100 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.540 MN - D23.101.100.110.540 MS - A 46-kD stimulatory receptor found on resting and activated NATURAL KILLER CELLS. It has specificity for VIRAL HEMAGGLUTININS that are expressed on infected cells. HN - 2009 MH - Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2 UI - D055629 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.750.200 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.545 MN - D23.101.100.110.545 MS - A 44-kD stimulatory receptor found on activated NATURAL KILLER CELLS. It has specificity for VIRAL HEMAGGLUTININS that are expressed on infected cells. HN - 2009 MH - Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 UI - D055628 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.750.300 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.547 MN - D23.101.100.110.547 MS - A 30 kDa stimulatory receptor found on resting and activated NATURAL KILLER CELLS. HN - 2009 MH - Natural Killer T-Cells UI - D055611 MN - A11.118.637.555.567.569.290 MN - A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.360 MN - A15.382.490.555.567.569.470 MS - A specialized subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES that exhibit features of INNATE IMMUNITY similar to that of NATURAL KILLER CELLS. They are reactive to glycolipids presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, CD1D ANTIGEN. AN - do not confuse with KILLER CELLS, NATURAL HN - 2009 MH - Nectria UI - D055330 MN - B5.107.501.550 MS - A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Nectriaceae, order HYPOCREALES. They are found as saprophytes on decaying wood or parasites of trees. Anamorphs include FUSARIUM and Cylindrocarpon. HN - 2009 MH - Neocallimastigomycota UI - D055136 MN - B5.665 MS - A phylum of anaerobic fungi found in the stomachs of RUMINANTS. These fungi lack mitochondria and reproduce through zoospores. HN - 2009 MH - Neosartorya UI - D055326 MN - B5.107.320.550 MS - A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Some species can cause opportunistic infections in humans, similar to its anamorph ASPERGILLUS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM) HN - 2009 MH - Neotyphodium UI - D055328 MN - B5.381.570 MS - The anamorphic form of the fungus EPICHLOE. Many Neotyphodium species produce ERGOT ALKALOIDS. HN - 2009 MH - Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein UI - D055514 MN - D12.644.276.200.500 MN - D12.776.467.200.500 MN - D12.776.860.300.200.500 MN - D23.101.840.450 MN - D23.529.237.600 MS - A CCN protein family member found at high levels in NEPHROBLASTOMA cells. It is found both intracellularly and in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and may play a role in the regulation of CELL PROLIFERATION and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. HN - 2009 MH - Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy UI - D054989 MN - C17.800.553 MN - C23.550.355.550 MS - A chronic, acquired, idiopathic, progressive eruption of the skin that occurs in the context of RENAL FAILURE. It is sometimes accompanied by systemic fibrosis. The pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial, with postulated involvement of circulating fibrocytes. There is a strong association between this disorder and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents. HN - 2009 BX - Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis MH - Nerve Expansion UI - D055164 MN - E4.680.800.500 MS - Procedures that stimulate nerve elongation over a period of time. They are used in repairing nerve tissue. HN - 2009 MH - Neuroendocrine Cells UI - D055099 MN - A11.382.944 MS - Specialized NEURONS that produce hormones, such as NEUROPEPTIDES or BIOGENIC AMINES. They generally are in the NERVOUS SYSTEM, such as HYPOTHALAMUS, but can be found in other organs or systems. These neurons contain dense neurosecretory granules and PROPROTEIN CONVERTASES allowing the rapidly release of NEUROHORMONES into the blood circulation upon stimulation. AN - coordinate with specific organ HN - 2009 MH - Neurogenesis UI - D055495 MN - G4.299.151.912 MN - G7.700.320.500.325.377.687 MN - G8.686.785.760.170.450.500 MS - Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons. HN - 2009 MH - Neurogenic Bowel UI - D055496 MN - C6.405.469.158.272.804 MS - Loss or absence of normal intestinal function due to nerve damage or birth defects. It is characterized by the inability to control the elimination of stool from the body. HN - 2009 MH - Neutral Ceramidase UI - D055576 MN - D8.811.277.87.250.650 MS - A ceramidase subtype that is active at neutral pH. It is found at high levels within the SMALL INTESTINE and in the BRAIN. HN - 2009(2007); for NEUTRAL CERAMIDASE use CERAMIDASES 2007-2008 MH - Nevus, Halo UI - D055882 MN - C4.557.665.560.580 MS - A benign skin lesion characterized by a zone of depigmentation surrounding the nevus. HN - 2009; use NEVUS, PIGMENTED 1994-2008 MH - New Orleans UI - D055820 MN - Z1.107.567.875.750.480.500 MN - Z1.433.697 MS - City in Orleans Parish (county), largest city in state of LOUISIANA. It is located between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. HN - 2009 MH - Night Vision UI - D055254 MN - F2.830.816.964.249 MN - G11.561.600.810.964.249 MN - G14.640.816.249 MS - Function of the human eye that is used in dim illumination (scotopic intensities) or at nighttime. Scotopic vision is performed by RETINAL ROD PHOTORECEPTORS with high sensitivity to light and peak absorption wavelength at 507 nm near the blue end of the spectrum. HN - 2009 BX - Rod Vision BX - Scotopic Vision MH - NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A UI - D055650 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.100 MN - D23.50.301.264.920.500 MN - D23.101.100.920.500 MS - An inhibitory subclass of NK cell lectin-like receptors that interacts with CLASS I MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS and prevents the activation of NK CELLS. HN - 2009(1994) MH - NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B UI - D055651 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.200 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.577 MN - D23.101.100.110.577 MS - A subclass of NK cell lectin-like receptors that includes both inhibitory and stimulatory members. HN - 2009(1991) MH - NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C UI - D055654 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.810 MS - A subclass of NK cell lectin-like receptors that associates with members of NK CELL LECTIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY D to form heterodimeric receptors for HLA-E antigen. HN - 2009; for KILLER CELL LECTIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY C use RECEPTORS, NATURAL KILLER CELL 1993-2008 MH - NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K UI - D055655 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.910 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.582 MN - D23.101.100.110.582 MS - An activating NK cell lectin-like receptor subfamily that regulates immune responses to INFECTION and NEOPLASMS. Members of this subfamily generally occur as homodimers. HN - 2009; for KILLER CELL LECTIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY K use RECEPTORS, NATURAL KILLER CELL 1993-2008 MH - Nodal Protein UI - D055457 MN - D12.644.276.954.550.650 MN - D12.776.467.942.550.650 MN - D23.529.942.550.650 MS - The founding member of the nodal signaling ligand family of proteins. Nodal protein was originally discovered in the region of the mouse embryo primitive streak referred to as HENSEN'S NODE. It is expressed asymmetrically on the left side in chordates and plays a critical role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development. HN - 2009 MH - Nodal Signaling Ligands UI - D055456 MN - D12.644.276.954.550 MN - D12.776.467.942.550 MN - D23.529.942.550 MS - Members of the transforming growth factor superfamily that play a role in pattern formation and differentiation during the pregastrulation and GASTRULATION stages of chordate development. Several nodal signaling ligands are specifically involved in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during development. The protein group is named after a critical region of the vertebrate embryo PRIMITIVE STREAK referred to as HENSEN'S NODE. HN - 2009 MH - Nuclear Power Plants UI - D055848 MN - E7.305.437.600 MN - E7.710.600.500 MN - J1.780.600 MS - Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy. HN - 2009; use POWER PLANTS 1995-2008 MH - Olfactory Perception UI - D055696 MN - F2.463.593.485 MS - The process by which the nature and meaning of olfactory stimuli, such as odors, are recognized and interpreted by the brain. AN - differentiate from SMELL: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION takes place in the brain, SMELL takes place in the nose HN - 2009 MH - Ophiostoma UI - D055156 MN - B5.107.655.600 MS - A genus of fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae, order OPHIIOSTOMATALES. Several species are the source of Dutch elm disease, which is spread by the elm bark beetle. AN - Ascomycota (1963-2008) HN - 2009 MH - Ophiostomatales UI - D055155 MN - B5.107.655 MS - An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that are important plant pathogens. HN - 2009 MH - Opsins UI - D055355 MN - D12.776.306.466 MN - D23.767.930.750 MS - Photosensitive proteins in the membranes of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS such as the rods and the cones. Opsins have varied light absorption properties and are members of the G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS family. Their ligands are VITAMIN A-based chromophores. HN - 2009; for OPSIN use OPSIN 1993-2008 MH - Optical Devices UI - D055096 MN - E7.632 MS - Products or parts of products used to detect, manipulate, or analyze light, such as LENSES, refractors, mirrors, filters, prisms, and OPTICAL FIBERS. HN - 2009 FX - Optics and Photonics MH - Optical Fibers UI - D055100 MN - E7.632.750 MS - Thin strands of transparent material, usually glass, that are used for transmitting light waves over long distances. HN - 2009 FX - Fiber Optic Technology MH - Optical Phenomena UI - D055620 MN - G1.590 MS - LIGHT, it's processes and properties, and the characteristics of materials interacting with it. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Optical Concepts MH - Optical Processes UI - D055621 MN - G1.590.770 MN - G1.595.640 MS - Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Optics and Photonics UI - D055095 MN - H1.671.617 MN - J1.293.688 MS - A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range. AN - OPTICAL DEVICES is available HN - 2009 FX - Optical Devices MH - Orbital Myositis UI - D055622 MN - C5.651.594.728 MN - C10.668.491.562.537 MN - C11.675.426 MS - Inflammation of the extraocular muscle of the eye. It is characterized by swelling which can lead to ischemia, fibrosis, or ORBITAL PSEUDOTUMOR. HN - 2009; use GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL, ORBITAL 1992-2008 BX - Myositis, Orbital MH - Organic Chemistry Phenomena UI - D055601 MN - G2.607 MS - The conformation, properties, reaction processes, and the properties of the reactions of carbon compounds. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Organic Chemistry Concepts MH - Organic Chemistry Processes UI - D055602 MN - G2.149.465 MN - G2.607.750 MS - The reactions, changes in structure and composition, the properties of the reactions of carbon compounds, and the associated energy changes. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Orthostatic Intolerance UI - D054971 MN - C10.177.575.600 MN - C23.888.592.610 MS - Symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion or autonomic overaction which develop while the subject is standing, but are relieved on recumbency. Types of this include NEUROCARDIOGENIC SYNCOPE; POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME; and neurogenic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. (From Noseworthy, JH., Neurological Therapeutics Principles and Practice, 2007, p2575-2576) HN - 2009 MH - Osteoarthritis, Spine UI - D055013 MN - C5.116.900.853.625.399 MN - C5.550.114.606.750 MN - C5.550.114.865.399 MN - C5.799.613.750 MS - A degenerative joint disease involving the SPINE. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE). AN - coordinate with specific vertebra HN - 2009 BX - Lumbar Osteoarthritis BX - Spinal Osteoarthritis MH - Osteochondrosis UI - D055034 MN - C5.116.821 MS - Any of a group of bone disorders involving one or more ossification centers (EPIPHYSES). It is characterized by degeneration or NECROSIS followed by revascularization and reossification. Osteochondrosis often occurs in children causing varying degrees of discomfort or pain. There are many eponymic types for specific affected areas, such as tarsal navicular (Kohler disease) and tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter disease). HN - 2009; use OSTEOCHONDRITIS 1963-2008 BX - Koehler Disease BX - Osgood-Schlatter Disease MH - Osteopathic Physicians UI - D055360 MN - M1.526.485.810.722 MN - N2.360.810.722 MS - Licensed physicians trained in OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE. An osteopathic physician, also known as D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy), is able to perform surgery and prescribe medications. HN - 2009 BX - Osteopaths FX - Osteopathic Medicine MH - Pallister-Hall Syndrome UI - D054975 MN - C4.445.622 MN - C4.588.614.250.195.885.500.299 MN - C5.660.585.600.374 MN - C10.228.140.211.885.500.299 MN - C10.228.140.617.477.299 MN - C10.551.240.250.700.500.249 MN - C16.131.77.690 MN - C16.131.621.585.600.374 MS - A pleiotropic disorder of human development that comprises hypothalamic HAMARTOMA; central and postaxial POLYDACTYLY; bifid EPIGLOTTIS; ANAL ATRESIA; and renal and other abnormalities. This disorder is associated with FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS in the GLI3 gene which encodes the GLI3 protein, a KRUPPEL-LIKE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS family member. HN - 2009 MH - Pancreatic alpha-Amylases UI - D055292 MN - D8.811.277.450.66.50.249 MS - A subclass of alpha-amylase ISOENZYMES that are secreted into PANCREATIC JUICE. HN - 2009 MH - Pancreatitis, Graft UI - D055589 MN - C6.689.750.860 MS - An inflammatory disease and serious complication of PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION. It is caused by a premature activation of pancreatic proenzymes leading to autodigestion of the gland and can be attributed to immunological or nonimmunological causes. HN - 2009 BX - Graft Pancreatitis MH - Perfusion Imaging UI - D055420 MN - E1.370.350.710.600 MN - E1.370.384.730.354 MS - The creation and display of functional images showing where the blood flow reaches by following the distribution of tracers injected into the blood stream. HN - 2009 MH - Periodontal Atrophy UI - D055093 MN - C7.465.714.354 MS - Degradation or wasting of the PERIODONTIUM tissues that may involve the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, or the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. HN - 2009 MH - Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms UI - D054973 MN - C4.557.450.692 MS - A family of mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. These cells do not have a normal anatomic homolog. (From Fletcher CDM, et. al., World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone, 2002). HN - 2009 BX - Clear-Cell Myomelanocytic Tumors BX - Clear-Cell Sugar Tumors BX - PEComas MH - Pharmacological Processes UI - D055632 MN - G7.690.812 MN - G7.700.680 MS - The metabolism of drugs and their mechanisms of action. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Pharmacologic Processes MH - Pholiota UI - D055368 MN - B5.179.100.645 MS - A genus of basidiomycetous mushroom in the family Strophariaceae, exhibiting a bipolar mating system. HN - 2009 MH - Photochemical Processes UI - D055668 MN - G2.149.767.690 MN - G2.842.750.690 MS - Chemical reactions effected by light. HN - 2009 MH - Photoreceptor Connecting Cilium UI - D055212 MN - A8.663.650.850.625.670.49 MN - A8.663.650.915.937.670.49 MN - A8.800.950.937.670.49 MN - A9.371.729.831.625.670.49 MN - A11.671.650.850.625.670.49 MN - A11.671.650.915.937.670.49 MS - The bridge between the inner and the outer segments of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell. Through it, proteins synthesized in the inner segment are transported to the outer segment. HN - 2009 MH - Photoreceptors, Plant UI - D055519 MN - D12.776.765.593 MS - Plant proteins that mediate LIGHT SIGNAL TRANDUCTION. They are involved in PHOTOTROPISM and other light adaption responses during plant growth and development . They include the phototropins, phytochromes (PHYTOCHROME), and members of the ubiquitous cryptochrome family. AN - not for plant photosynthetic apparatus, use PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER, PLANT see PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER COMPLEX PROTEINS HN - 2009; use PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER COMPLEX PROTEINS 1999-2008 FX - Light Signal Transduction MH - Physical Phenomena UI - D055585 MN - G1 MS - The entities of matter and energy, and the processes, principles, properties, and relationships describing their nature and interactions. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Physical Concepts MH - Physical Processes UI - D055586 MN - G1.595 MS - The forces and principles of action of matter and energy. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Physicochemical Phenomena UI - D055605 MN - G2.842 MS - The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Physical Chemistry Concepts BX - Physicochemical Concepts MH - Physicochemical Processes UI - D055606 MN - G2.149.767 MN - G2.842.750 MS - Physical reactions involved in the formation of or changes in the structure of atoms and molecules and their interactions. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Physical Chemistry Processes MH - Physiological Processes UI - D055705 MN - G7.700 MS - The functions and activities of living organisms that support life in single- or multi-cellular organisms from their origin through the progression of life. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics; differentiate from PHYSIOLOGY, the specialty or discipline; DF: PHYSIOL PROCESSES HN - 2009 MH - Phytophthora infestans UI - D055750 MN - B2.650.715.600 MS - A species of parasitic algae in the family Peronosporaceae that is the causative agent of late blight of potato. HN - 2009 MH - Placozoa UI - D054909 MN - B1.500.740 MS - A phylum of primitive invertebrate animals that exemplify a simple body organization. Trichoplax adhaerens is considered a key species for early metazoan evolution. HN - 2009 BX - Trichoplax MH - Plant Physiological Processes UI - D055639 MN - G15.744 MS - Physiological functions characteristic of plants. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Plant Root Nodulation UI - D055170 MN - G15.744.747 MS - The formation of a nitrogen-fixing cell mass on PLANT ROOTS following symbiotic infection by nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. HN - 2009 FX - Nitrogen Fixation FX - Root Nodules, Plant MH - Poetry UI - D055821 MN - V2.712 MS - Works that consist of literary and oral genre expressing meaning via symbolism and following formal or informal patterns. AN - this heading is used as a Publication Type. Used by catalogers only; poetry as a subject is indexed under the main heading POETRY AS TOPIC HN - 2009 MH - Polyporus UI - D055492 MN - B5.179.120.760.675 MS - A genus of basidiomyceteous fungi in the family POLYPORACEAE found mostly on living trees or dead wood. HN - 2009 MH - Poria UI - D055441 MN - B5.179.120.174.600 MS - A genus of basiodiomycetous fungi in the family Coriolaceae. Members are known for infesting wood. HN - 2009 MH - Posterior Cervical Sympathetic Syndrome UI - D055010 MN - C5.116.900.596 MS - A pathological condition that is characterized by a host of cranial symptoms, such as headaches, abnormal functions of the eyes and the ears, and psychological and mental disorders. This syndrome usually appears after neck injuries, inflammation, or neoplasm. HN - 2009; use SPINAL OSTEOPHYTOSIS 1997-2008 BX - Barre-Lieou Syndrome MH - Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome UI - D054972 MN - C10.177.575.600.625 MS - A syndrome of ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE combined with excessive upright TACHYCARDIA, and usually without associated ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. All variants have in common an excessively reduced venous return to the heart (central HYPOVOLEMIA) while upright. HN - 2009 BX - Postural Tachycardia Syndrome MH - Prescription Drugs UI - D055553 MN - D26.670 MS - Drugs that cannot be sold legally without a prescription. AN - note category: do not confuse with DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS are the written directions for obtaining drugs; PRESCRIPTION DRUGS are the drugs that are prescribed HN - 2009 MH - Prescriptions UI - D055656 MN - N2.421.668.778 MS - Directions written for the obtaining and use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; MEDICAL DEVICES; corrective LENSES; and a variety of other medical remedies. HN - 2009, 1963-1977 MH - Primary Dysautonomias UI - D054969 MN - C10.177.575 MS - Disorders of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM occurring as a primary condition. Manifestations can involve any or all body systems but commonly affect the BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE. AN - do not confuse X ref DYSAUTONOMIA with DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL HN - 2009; for DYSAUTONOMIA use AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES 1989-2008 BX - Dysautonomia MH - Primary Graft Dysfunction UI - D055031 MN - C14.907.725.675 MN - C23.550.767.877.750 MS - A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION. HN - 2009 MH - Primary Myelofibrosis UI - D055728 MN - C15.378.190.636.765 MS - A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone. HN - 2009 MH - Prolamins UI - D055315 MN - D12.776.765.725.500 MS - A group of seed storage proteins restricted to the POACEAE family. They are rich in GLUTAMINE and PROLINE. AN - may appear in the literature as "prolamines"; do not confuse with the drug prolamine HN - 2009 (1978) MH - Proline-Rich Protein Domains UI - D055232 MN - G2.111.570.790.709.600.40.752 MS - Protein domains that are enriched in PROLINE. The cyclical nature of proline causes the peptide bonds it forms to have a limited degree of conformational mobility. Therefore the presence of multiple prolines in close proximity to each other can convey a distinct conformational arrangement to a peptide chain. HN - 2009(1979) FX - Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins FX - Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins MH - Protein Multimerization UI - D055503 MN - G2.111.87.697 MN - G2.149.115.697 MS - The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS. HN - 2009 FX - Dimerization MH - Protein Stability UI - D055550 MN - G2.111.700 MS - The ability of a protein to retain its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to physical or chemical manipulations. AN - IM general only; coordinate NIM with specific protein (IM) HN - 2009 FX - Protein Denaturation MH - Prussia UI - D055787 MN - Z1.586.315.720 MN - Z1.586.725 MS - Former state in north central Germany. Formally abolished March 1, 1947. Kingdom established 1701. HN - 2009 MH - Psilocybe UI - D055391 MN - B5.179.100.660 MS - A genus of small mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. Some species are known for their hallucinogenic properties. HN - 2009 MH - Public-Private Sector Partnerships UI - D055818 MN - J1.219.843 MN - N3.540.706 MS - An organizational enterprise between a public sector agency, federal, state or local, and a private sector entity. Skills and assets of each sector are shared to deliver a service or facility for the benefit or use of the general public. HN - 2009 MH - Pulmonary Aspergillosis UI - D055732 MN - C8.381.472.850 MS - Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. Infections may result in allergic reaction (ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS), colonization in pulmonary cavities as fungus balls (MYCETOMA), or lead to invasion of the lung parenchyma (INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS). HN - 2009; for BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS use ASPERGILLOSIS, ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY 1992-2008 BX - Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis MH - Pure Autonomic Failure UI - D054970 MN - C10.177.575.650 MS - A degenerative disease of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM that is characterized by idiopathic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION and a greatly reduced level of CATECHOLAMINES. No other neurological deficits are present. HN - 2009; use AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES 1999-2008 BX - Bradbury-Eggleston Syndrome MH - Purpura Fulminans UI - D055665 MN - C15.378.100.802.230 MS - A severe, rapidly fatal reaction occurring most commonly in children following an infectious illness. It is characterized by large, rapidly spreading skin hemorrhages, fever, or shock. Purpura fulminans often accompanies or is triggered by DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION. HN - 2009; use PURPURA, SCHOENLEIN-HENOCH (1997-2008) FX - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation MH - Pycnoporus UI - D055494 MN - B5.179.120.760.690 MS - A genus of basidiomyceteous fungi in the family POLYPORACEAE. The species all contain bright orange, bracket-like fruiting bodies. HN - 2009 MH - Pyometra UI - D055112 MN - C13.351.500.852.544 MS - An accumulation of PUS in the uterine cavity (UTERUS). Pyometra generally indicates the presence of infections. HN - 2009 MH - Pyricularia grisea UI - D055685 MN - B5.381.723 MS - The anamorphic form of the fungus MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA and the most important pathogen of rice worldwide. It causes rice blast which prevents maturation of the rice grains. HN - 2009 MH - Radiation Equipment and Supplies UI - D055618 MN - E7.710 MS - Instruments and apparatus for radiation applications and their components and associated expendables. HN - 2009 MH - Radiometric Dating UI - D055110 MN - E5.799.669 MS - Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain. HN - 2009 MH - Rats, Transgenic UI - D055647 MN - B1.50.680.136.700 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.635.505.700.825 MS - Laboratory rats that have been produced from a genetically manipulated rat EGG or rat EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. They contain genes from another species. AN - NIM with no qualifiers when experimental animal; check the tag RATS HN - 2009 BX - Transgenic Rats MH - Receptors, Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering UI - D055636 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.750 MS - A subclass of natural killer cell receptors that perform an important role in the recognition of tumor cells by NK CELLS. HN - 2009 MH - Receptors, Natural Killer Cell UI - D055607 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895 MS - Receptors that are specifically found on the surface of NATURAL KILLER CELLS. They play an important role in regulating the cellular component of INNATE IMMUNITY. AN - not for receptors on NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS HN - 2009(1993) MH - Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like UI - D055630 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.895.800 MS - Stucturally-related receptors that are typically found on NATURAL KILLER CELLS. They are considered lectin-like proteins in that they share sequence homology with the carbohydrate binding domains of C-TYPE LECTINS. They differ from classical C-type lectins, however, in that they appear to lack CALCIUM-binding domains. HN - 2009 BX - Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptors BX - NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptors MH - Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator UI - D055293 MN - D12.776.543.750.887 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.911 MN - D23.101.100.110.917 MS - An extracellular receptor specific for UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. It is attached to the cell membrane via a GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL LINKAGE and plays a role in the co-localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator with PLASMINOGEN. HN - 2009(1985) BX - Antigens, CD87 MH - Refeeding Syndrome UI - D055677 MN - C18.654.521.687 MS - A condition of metabolic imbalance that is caused by complications of initially feeding a severely malnourished patient too aggressively. Usually occurring within the first 5 days of refeeding, this syndrome is characterized by WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; and DIARRHEA. HN - 2009 MH - Reproductive Physiological Phenomena UI - D055703 MN - G8.686 MS - Physiological processes, factors, properties and characteristics pertaining to REPRODUCTION. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Reproductive Physiological Concepts MH - Reproductive Physiological Processes UI - D055704 MN - G8.686.785 MS - Physiological activities and functions that pertain to REPRODUCTION. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Resilience, Psychological UI - D055500 MN - F2.940 MS - The human ability to adapt in the face of tragedy, trauma, adversity, hardship, and ongoing significant life stressors. HN - 2009 FX - Adaptation, Psychological MH - Resistance Training UI - D055070 MN - E2.779.483.875 MN - E2.779.867.199.875 MN - E2.831.387.875 MN - G11.427.590.237.500 MN - I3.350.500 MS - A type of strength-building exercise program that requires the body muscle to exert a force against some form of resistance, such as weight, stretch bands, water, or immovable objects. Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles. HN - 2009 BX - Strength Training BX - Weight-Bearing Strengthening Program BX - Weight-Lifting Strengthening Program MH - Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques UI - D055425 MN - E1.370.350.730 MN - E1.370.386.730 MS - Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the breathing cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. The images are used diagnostically and also interventionally to coordinate radiation treatment beam on/off cycles to protect healthy tissues when they move into the beam field during different times in the breathing cycle. HN - 2009 MH - Reticuloendotheliosis, Avian UI - D055761 MN - C22.131.780 MS - A group of pathologic syndromes found in avian species caused by RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS. The distinct syndromes include non-neoplastic runting, acute neoplastic disease, and chronic neoplastic disease. Humans and mammals appear resistant. AN - RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS, LEUKEMIC see LEUKEMIA, HAIRY CELL is also available HN - 2009 BX - Avian Reticuloendotheliosis MH - Retinal Neurons UI - D055351 MN - A8.663.650.850 MN - A9.371.729.831 MN - A11.671.650.850 MS - Nerve cells of the RETINA in the pathway of transmitting light signals to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They include the outer layer of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS, the intermediate layer of RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS and AMACRINE CELLS, and the internal layer of RETINAL GANGLION CELLS. HN - 2009 MH - Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment UI - D055211 MN - A8.663.650.850.625.670.237 MN - A8.663.650.915.937.670.237 MN - A8.800.950.937.670.237 MN - A9.371.729.831.625.670.237 MN - A11.671.650.850.625.670.237 MN - A11.671.650.915.937.670.237 MS - The inner portion of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell, situated between the PHOTORECEPTOR CONNECTING CILIUM and the synapse with the adjacent neurons (RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS; RETINAL HORIZONTAL CELLS). The inner segment contains the cell body, the nucleus, the mitochondria, and apparatus for protein synthesis. HN - 2009 BX - Cone Cell Inner Segment BX - Rod Cell Inner Segment MH - Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment UI - D055214 MN - A8.663.650.850.625.670.375 MN - A8.663.650.915.937.670.375 MN - A8.800.950.937.670.375 MN - A9.371.729.831.625.670.375 MN - A11.671.650.850.625.670.375 MN - A11.671.650.915.937.670.375 MS - The light sensitive outer portion of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell. The outer segment contains a stack of disk membranes laden with photoreceptive pigments (RETINAL PIGMENTS). The outer segment is connected to the inner segment by a PHOTORECEPTOR CONNECTING CILIUM. HN - 2009 MH - Retinal Pigment Epithelium UI - D055213 MN - A9.371.670.500 MN - A9.371.729.887 MS - The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. These epithelial cells perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment. HN - 2009; use PIGMENT EPITHELIUM OF EYE 1976-2008 BX - Epithelium, Retinal Pigment MH - Rod-Cone Interaction UI - D055258 MN - F2.830.816.964.186.624 MN - G11.561.600.810.964.186.624 MN - G14.640.816.186.624 MS - Reciprocal action of two vertebrate photoreceptor cells (RODS AND CONES). Rod-cone interaction occurs during MESOPIC VISION in which both rods and cones are active in light transduction to the VISUAL CORTEX. Such interaction can influence visual sensitivity and luminous efficiency. HN - 2009 MH - Salivary alpha-Amylases UI - D055291 MN - D8.811.277.450.66.50.500 MN - D12.644.848.875 MN - D12.776.850.887 MS - A subclass of alpha-amylase ISOENZYMES that are secreted into SALIVA. HN - 2009 MH - Salivary Cystatins UI - D055333 MN - D12.644.848.906 MN - D12.776.215.750 MN - D12.776.850.906 MS - A group of closely-related cystatins found in SALIVA. HN - 2009(1980) BX - Cystatin S MH - Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins UI - D055273 MN - D12.644.848.937 MN - D12.776.850.925 MS - A family of proline-rich proteins that constitute the majority of the protein component of SALIVA. Salivary proline-rich proteins occur as acidic, basic and glycosylated basic proteins. They perform a variety of functions such as adhering to the acquired ENAMEL PELLICLE, acting as lubricants and precipitating TANNINS. HN - 2009(1979); use PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN DOMAINS 1980-2008 FX - Proline-Rich Protein Domains MH - Salt-Tolerance UI - D055049 MN - G7.700.62.796 MS - The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment. HN - 2009 FX - Halobacteriaceae MH - Salt-Tolerant Plants UI - D055051 MN - B6.723 MS - Plants that can grow well in soils that have a high SALINITY. HN - 2009 BX - Halophytes BX - Plants, Salt-Tolerant FX - Plants, Genetically Modified MH - Secondary Prevention UI - D055502 MN - N2.421.726.825 MN - N6.850.780.750 MS - The prevention of recurrences or exacerbations of a disease that already has been diagnosed. This also includes prevention of complications or after-effects of a drug or surgical procedure. HN - 2009 MH - Secretory Pathway UI - D055571 MN - G3.495.166.925 MN - G4.299.490.580 MS - A series of sequential intracellular steps involved in the transport of proteins (such as hormones and enzymes) from the site of synthesis to outside the cell. The pathway involves membrane-bound compartments through which the newly synthesized proteins undergo POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, packaging, storage, or transportation to the PLASMA MEMBRANE for secretion. HN - 2009 MH - Seed Storage Proteins UI - D055314 MN - D12.776.765.725 MS - One or more types of plant seed proteins providing the large amounts of AMINO ACIDS utilized in GERMINATION and SEEDLING growth. As seeds are the major food source from AGRICULTURAL CROPS, seed storage proteins are a major source of DIETARY PROTEINS. HN - 2009 MH - Semen Analysis UI - D055101 MN - E1.450.752 MS - The quality of SEMEN, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, pH, sperm concentration (SPERM COUNT), total sperm number, sperm viability, sperm vigor (SPERM MOTILITY), normal sperm morphology, ACROSOME integrity, and the concentration of WHITE BLOOD CELLS. HN - 2009 MH - Sensory Gating UI - D055139 MN - G11.561.600.812 MS - The ability of the BRAIN to suppress neuronal responses to external sensory inputs, such as auditory and visual stimuli. Sensory filtering (or gating) allows humans to block out irrelevant, meaningless, or redundant stimuli. AN - do not confuse with ION CHANNEL GATING HN - 2009 MH - Serbia UI - D055771 MN - Z1.542.248.786 MS - A republic located south of HUNGARY, west of ROMANIA and BULGARIA, and part of the former YUGOSLAVIA. The capital is Belgrade. MH - Seveso Accidental Release UI - D055906 MN - K1.400.504.968.700 MN - N6.850.135.195.500 MS - 1976 accidental release of DIOXIN from a manufacturing facility in Seveso, ITALY following an equipment failure. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent HN - 2009 MH - Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins UI - D055765 MN - D12.644.360.24.330 MN - D12.776.157.57.162 MN - D12.776.476.24.415 MS - A family of signaling adaptor proteins that contain SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many members of this family are involved in transmitting signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS to MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. HN - 2009(1993) MH - Skin Physiological Processes UI - D055928 MN - G13.750.829 MS - Biological activities and functions of the SKIN. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Sleep Phase Chronotherapy UI - D055865 MN - F4.754.137.875 MS - A progressive advance or delay of bedtime until the desired bedtime is achieved. HN - 2009 MH - Small Cell Lung Carcinoma UI - D055752 MN - C4.588.894.797.520.220.624 MN - C8.381.540.140.750 MN - C8.785.520.140.750 MS - A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA). AN - coordinate IM with LUNG NEOPLASMS (IM); CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG and CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL are also available HN - 2009; use CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL 1994-2008 BX - Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung MH - SMN Complex Proteins UI - D055532 MN - D12.776.157.725.875 MN - D12.776.580.922 MN - D12.776.664.962.875 MS - A complex of proteins that assemble the SNRNP CORE PROTEINS into a core structure that surrounds a highly conserved RNA sequence found in SMALL NUCLEAR RNA. They are found localized in the GEMINI OF COILED BODIES and in the CYTOPLASM. The SMN complex is named after the Survival of Motor Neuron Complex Protein 1, which is a critical component of the complex. HN - 2009(1995) FX - Gemini of Coiled Bodies MH - snRNP Core Proteins UI - D055517 MN - D12.776.157.725.500.875.700 MN - D12.776.660.625.750 MN - D12.776.664.962.500.875.700 MN - D23.50.290.875 MN - D23.50.422.750 MS - The protein components that constitute the common core of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. These proteins are commonly referred as Sm nuclear antigens due to their antigenic nature. HN - 2009(1981) BX - Sm Nuclear Antigens MH - SOX Transcription Factors UI - D055747 MN - D12.776.260.719 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750 MN - D12.776.930.823 MS - A large family of structurally-related transcription factors that were originally discovered based upon their close sequence homology to an HMG-box domain found in SEX-DETERMINING REGION Y PROTEIN. Many SOX transcription factors play important roles in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION. The numerous members of this family are organized in several subgroups according to structural identities found within the proteins. AN - do not confuse entry term SRY (SEX DETERMINING REGION Y)-BOX PROTEINS with SRY SEX-DETERMINING REGION PROTEIN see SEX-DETERMINING REGION Y PROTEIN HN - 2009 MH - SOX9 Transcription Factor UI - D055758 MN - D12.776.260.719.500.500 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.500.500 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.500.500 MN - D12.776.930.823.500.500 MS - A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA. HN - 2009(1995) MH - SOXB1 Transcription Factors UI - D055748 MN - D12.776.260.719.100 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.100 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.100 MN - D12.776.930.823.100 MS - A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional activators. HN - 2009(1994) MH - SOXB2 Transcription Factors UI - D055749 MN - D12.776.260.719.200 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.200 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.200 MN - D12.776.930.823.200 MS - A subclass of SOX transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional repressors. HN - 2009 MH - SOXC Transcription Factors UI - D055751 MN - D12.776.260.719.300 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.300 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.300 MN - D12.776.930.823.300 MS - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of the group have been found expressed in developing neuronal tissue, LYMPHOCYTES, and during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. HN - 2009 MH - SOXD Transcription Factors UI - D055755 MN - D12.776.260.719.400 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.400 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.400 MN - D12.776.930.823.400 MS - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. In addition to a conserved HMG-BOX DOMAIN, members of this group contain a leucine zipper motif which mediates protein DIMERIZATION. HN - 2009 MH - SOXE Transcription Factors UI - D055757 MN - D12.776.260.719.500 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.500 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.500 MN - D12.776.930.823.500 MS - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES during neural crest formation and in CHONDROGENESIS. HN - 2009(1998) MH - SOXF Transcription Factors UI - D055760 MN - D12.776.260.719.600 MN - D12.776.660.235.400.750.600 MN - D12.776.664.235.400.750.600 MN - D12.776.930.823.600 MS - A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subclass are expressed in VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and may play a role in vasculogenesis. HN - 2009 MH - Speleotherapy UI - D055161 MN - E2.190.894 MS - The use of caves, mines, or other subterranean environments in treatment of diseases. Speleotherapy is used in some Central and Eastern European countries to treat CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE. HN - 2009 MH - Spinal Osteochondrosis UI - D055035 MN - C5.116.821.500 MN - C5.116.900.808 MS - A bone disorder involving ossification centers (EPIPHYSES) of the VERTEBRAL COLUMN. AN - coordinate with specific vertebra HN - 2009 MH - Spiral Ligament of Cochlea UI - D055493 MN - A9.246.631.246.965 MS - A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membranous COCHLEAR DUCT to the bony spiral canal of the COCHLEA. Its spiral ligament fibrocytes function in conjunction with the STRIA VASCULARIS to mediate cochlear ion homeostasis. HN - 2009 MH - Spondylosis UI - D055009 MN - C5.116.900.938 MS - A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue. AN - coordinate with specific vertebra; do not confuse with SPONDYLOLYSIS or SPONDYLITIS HN - 2009; use SPINAL OSTEOPHYTOSIS 1988-2008; for SPONDYLOSIS DEFORMANS use SPINAL OSTEOPHYTOSIS 1965-2008 BX - Cervical Spondylosis BX - Lumbarsacral Spondylosis BX - Spondylosis Deformans BX - Thoracic Spondylosis FX - Spondylolysis MH - Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens UI - D055746 MN - D23.50.301.264.965 MN - D23.101.100.965 MS - Cell-surface molecules that exhibit lineage-restricted patterns of expression during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. The antigens are useful markers in the identification of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. HN - 2009 MH - Stalking UI - D055807 MN - F1.145.126.950.500 MN - I1.880.735.223.500 MS - Course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated (two or more occasions) visual or physical proximity, nonconsensual communication, or verbal, written, or implied threats, or a combination thereof, that would cause a reasonable person fear. HN - 2009 MH - Stars, Celestial UI - D055609 MN - G1.60.249.750 MS - Large bodies consisting of self-luminous gas held together by their own gravity. (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) HN - 2009; use ASTRONOMY 1996-2008 MH - Static Electricity UI - D055672 MN - G1.201.249.820 MS - The accumulation of an electric charge on a object HN - 2009 MH - Stem Cell Niche UI - D055153 MN - A10.830 MS - A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained in a undifferentiated, self-renewable state. HN - 2009 MH - Structure Collapse UI - D055883 MN - N6.230.750 MS - Failure in built environment with loss of functional integrity. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent HN - 2009 MH - Sunbathing UI - D055108 MN - I3.450.642.922 MS - Exposing oneself to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. HN - 2009; use HELIOTHERAPY 1985-2008 BX - Suntanning FX - Sunburn FX - Suntan MH - Suntan UI - D055107 MN - G13.750.829.833.500 MS - An induced skin pigment (MELANIN) darkening after exposure to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. The degree of tanning depends on the intensity and duration of UV exposure, and genetic factors. HN - 2009 FX - Sunbathing FX - Sunburn MH - Surge Capacity UI - D055872 MN - N5.300.450.760 MS - A health care system's ability to rapidly mobilize to meet an increased demand, to rapidly expand beyond normal services levels to meet the increased demand in the event of large-scale DISASTERS or public health emergencies. AN - note category: restrict to health care HN - 2009 MH - Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein UI - D055533 MN - D12.776.157.725.875.500 MN - D12.776.580.922.500 MN - D12.776.664.962.875.500 MS - A SMN complex protein that is essential for the function of the SMN protein complex. In humans the protein is encoded by a single gene found near the inversion telomere of a large inverted region of CHROMOSOME 5. Mutations in the gene coding for survival of motor neuron 1 protein may result in SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD. HN - 2009(2005); use SMN COMPLEX PROTEINS 2005-2008 MH - Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein UI - D055540 MN - D12.776.157.725.875.750 MN - D12.776.580.922.750 MN - D12.776.664.962.875.750 MS - A SMN complex protein that is closely-related to SURVIVAL OF MOTOR NEURON 1 PROTEIN. In humans, the protein is encoded by an often duplicated gene found near the inversion centromere of a large inverted region of CHROMOSOME 5. HN - 2009(2005); use SMN COMPLEX PROTEINS 2005-2008 MH - Sverdlovsk Accidental Release UI - D055905 MN - K1.400.504.968.750 MN - N6.850.135.190.500 MS - ANTHRAX outbreak that occurred in 1979 and was associated with a research facility in Sverdlovsk, in the Ural mountain region of central RUSSIA. Most victims worked or lived in a narrow zone extending from the facility. The zone of anthrax-caused livestock mortality paralleled the northerly wind that prevailed shortly before the outbreak. It was concluded that an escape of ANTHRAX caused outbreak. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent HN - 2009 MH - Synaptic Potentials UI - D055366 MN - G4.580.887 MN - G7.265.337.900.750 MN - G7.265.750.887 MN - G7.700.240.900.750 MN - G11.561.570.918 MN - G11.561.600.835.750 MS - The voltages across pre- or post-SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES. HN - 2009; use SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION 1994-2008 MH - Taste Perception UI - D055697 MN - F2.463.593.817 MS - The process by which the nature and meaning of gustatory stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain. The four basic classes of taste perception are salty, sweet, bitter, and sour. AN - differentiate from TASTE: TASTE PERCEPTION takes place in the brain, TASTE takes place in the mouth HN - 2009 MH - Telenursing UI - D055817 MN - N4.452.758.377.937 MS - Delivery of nursing services via remote telecommunications. HN - 2009 MH - Terahertz Imaging UI - D055069 MN - E1.370.350.780 MS - The visualization of internal structure using TERAHERTZ RADIATION technologies. HN - 2009 MH - Terahertz Radiation UI - D055053 MN - G1.201.875.770.832 MS - Non-ionizing electromagnetic energy in the frequency range of 100 gigahertz to 10 terahertz which spans from the mid-INFRARED RAYS frequency to the high-frequency edge of the MICROWAVES band. HN - 2009 MH - Terahertz Spectroscopy UI - D055068 MN - E5.196.867.945 MS - Spectrum analysis of absorbed or emitted TERAHERTZ RADIATION. HN - 2009 MH - Termitomyces UI - D055434 MN - B5.179.100.780 MS - A paleotropical genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. They are obligate symbionts of termites. HN - 2009 MH - Tertiary Prevention UI - D055512 MN - N2.421.726.860 MN - N6.850.780.800 MS - Measures aimed at providing appropriate supportive and rehabilitative services to minimize morbidity and maximize quality of life after a long-term disease or injury is present. HN - 2009 MH - TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins UI - D055411 MN - D12.644.276.954 MN - D12.776.467.942 MN - D23.529.942 MS - A large family of cell regulatory proteins which are structurally related to TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. The superfamily is subdivided into at least three related protein families: BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS; GROWTH REGULATORY PROTEINS; and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTORS. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Thermal Diffusion UI - D055471 MN - G1.595.200.750 MN - G2.149.767.560.750 MN - G2.842.750.560.750 MS - The movement of molecules from one location to another as effected by temperature changes. HN - 2009 MH - Thermoascus UI - D055327 MN - B5.107.320.820 MS - A genus of thermophilic, ascomycetous fungi in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Anamorphic forms are in the genus PAECILOMYCES. HN - 2009 MH - Tidal Waves UI - D055871 MN - G16.500.240.135.875 MS - Water waves caused by the gravitational interactions between the EARTH, MOON, and SUN. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009 BX - Tsunami BX - Tsunamis MH - Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases UI - D055394 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.900 MN - D12.644.276.948 MN - D12.776.467.948 MN - D23.529.948 MS - A family of metalloproteases that are related to the DROSOPHILA protein tolloid, which is a gene product necessary for dorsal-ventral patterning in early Drosophila embryogenesis. Many members of the group may play a significant role in intercellular signaling. HN - 2009(1999) MH - Tornadoes UI - D055869 MN - G16.500.750.775.745 MS - Rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. Tornadoes generally produce damage paths of 100 yards wide or less, with path lengths of a couple miles. AN - coordinate with DISASTERS if pertinent; specify geographic location HN - 2009; use DISASTERS 1990-2008 MH - Torulaspora UI - D055319 MN - B5.107.795.830 MN - B5.930.910 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. It is used commercially in the production of wines and beer. HN - 2009 MH - Touch Perception UI - D055698 MN - F2.463.593.894 MS - The process by which the nature and meaning of tactile stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain, such as realizing the characteristics or name of an object being touched. AN - differentiate from TOUCH: TOUCH PERCEPTION takes place in the brain, TOUCH takes place in the skin and mucous membranes HN - 2009 BX - Tactile Perception MH - Tracheobronchomalacia UI - D055089 MN - C5.182.895 MN - C8.127.719 MN - C8.907.796 MN - C16.131.621.953 MN - C17.300.182.895 MS - A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the TRACHEA and the BRONCHI. This results in a floppy non-rigid airway making patency difficult to maintain. HN - 2009 BX - Chondromalacia of Trachea and Bronchi MH - Tracheomalacia UI - D055090 MN - C5.182.895.500 MN - C8.907.796.500 MN - C16.131.621.953.500 MN - C17.300.182.895.500 MS - A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the TRACHEA. This results in a floppy tracheal wall making patency difficult to maintain. It is characterized by wheezing and difficult breathing. HN - 2009 BX - Chondromalacia of Trachea MH - Trametes UI - D055454 MN - B5.179.120.174.850 MS - A genus of fungi in the family Coriolaceae. HN - 2009 MH - Tricholoma UI - D055439 MN - B5.179.100.790 MS - A large genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. They are most often found in mountain and northern forests. HN - 2009 MH - Urinary Tract Physiological Processes UI - D055702 MN - G8.852.796 MS - Functions and activities of the URINARY TRACT as a whole or of any of its parts. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 MH - Uterine Artery Embolization UI - D055357 MN - E2.520.360.575 MN - E4.950.300.883 MS - The use of embolizing agents to block the arterial blood supply to parts or all of the UTERUS. The procedures are done to control bleeding or to cause destruction of uterine tissues. HN - 2009 MH - Vagus Nerve Stimulation UI - D055536 MN - E2.342.900 MN - E2.779.468.900 MS - An adjunctive treatment for PARTIAL EPILEPSY and refractory DEPRESSION that delivers electrical impulses to the brain via the VAGUS NERVE. A battery implanted under the skin supplies the energy. HN - 2009 MH - Vapor Pressure UI - D055548 MN - G1.374.715.951 MS - The contribution to barometric PRESSURE of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase. HN - 2009 MH - Velopharyngeal Sphincter UI - D055158 MN - A2.633.567.800.680 MN - A4.623.617.680 MN - A14.724.617.680 MS - A group of muscles attached to the SOFT PALATE (or velum) and the PHARYNX. They include the superior constrictor, the PALATOPHARYNGEUS, the levator veli palatini muscle, and the muscularis uvulae. This sphincter is situated between the oral and nasal cavities. A competent velopharyngeal sphincter is essential for normal speech and swallowing. HN - 2009 BX - Palatopharyngeal Sphincter MH - Venous Valves UI - D055422 MN - A7.231.908.950 MS - Flaps within the VEINS that allow the blood to flow only in one direction. They are usually in the medium size veins that carry blood to the heart against gravity. AN - coordinate with specific vein term if pertinent HN - 2009 MH - Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury UI - D055397 MN - C8.381.520.750 MS - Lung damage that is caused by the adverse effects of PULMONARY VENTILATOR usage. The high frequency and tidal volumes produced by a mechanical ventilator can cause alveolar disruption and PULMONARY EDEMA. AN - BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA is available for lung injury caused by oxygen inhalation therapy or mechanical ventilation in newborn infants HN - 2009 FX - Ventilators, Mechanical MH - Virus Physiological Processes UI - D055681 MN - G6.590.875 MN - G6.920.875 MS - Biological activities of viruses and their interactions with the cells they infect. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2009 BX - Viral Physiological Processes MH - Viscoelastic Substances UI - D055682 MN - D27.720.944 MS - Substances that display the physical properties of ELASTICITY and VISCOSITY. The dual-nature of these substances causes them to resist applied forces in a time-dependent manner. HN - 2009 MH - Viscosupplementation UI - D055676 MN - E2.319.267.530.380.500 MN - E2.718.875 MS - A therapeutic treatment typically involving INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTIONS of HYALURONIC ACID and related compounds. The procedure is commonly used in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS with the therapeutic goal to restore the viscoelasticity of SYNOVIAL FLUID, decrease pain, improve mobility and restore the natural protective functions of hyaluronan in the joint. HN - 2009 FX - Viscosupplements MH - Viscosupplements UI - D055675 MN - D27.720.556.500 MN - D27.720.944.500 MS - Viscoelastic solutions that are injected into JOINTS in order to alleviate symptoms of joint-related disorders such as OSTEOARTHRITIS. HN - 2009 FX - Viscosupplementation MH - Volatile Organic Compounds UI - D055549 MN - D2.974 MS - Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature. AN - general or unspecified; do not add routinely as a coordinate with specific organic compounds; index only when volatility is specifically discussed HN - 2009 MH - Volvariella UI - D055367 MN - B5.179.100.875 MS - A genus of edible mushrooms in the family Pluteaceae. They have pink gills and a volva at the stem base, and species can be confused with those of the poisonous genus AMANITA. HN - 2009 MH - Vomer UI - D055172 MN - A2.835.232.781.324.971 MN - A4.531.591.469 MS - An unpaired thin ploughshare-shaped facial bone. It is situated in the median plane of the SKULL. The vomer forms the posterior and inferior border of the NASAL SEPTUM. AN - fractures: coordinate VOMER / inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neoplasms: coordinate VOMER (IM) + SKULL NEOPLASMS HN - 2009; use NASAL SEPTUM 1975-2008 MH - Waist Circumference UI - D055105 MN - E1.370.600.115.100.160.560 MN - E5.978.77.160.875 MN - G7.100.100.160.560 MS - The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation. HN - 2009 FX - Waist-Hip Ratio MH - Wandering Behavior UI - D055816 MN - F1.145.126.995 MS - Moving oneself through space while confused or otherwise cognitively impaired. Patterns include akathisia, exhibiting neuroleptic-induced pacing and restlessness; exit seekers who are often newly admitted institution residents who try to open locked exit doors; self-stimulators who perform other activities such as turning doorknobs, in addition to continuous pacing; and modelers who shadow other pacers. HN - 2009 MH - Wilderness UI - D055814 MN - G16.500.275.965 MS - Environment un-modified by human activity. Areas in which natural processes operate without human interference. HN - 2009 MH - Wilderness Medicine UI - D055813 MN - H2.403.959 MS - Skills and knowledge required for assessment and treatment of traumatic, environmental, and medical emergencies in remote geographic or wilderness environments. HN - 2009 MH - Williopsis UI - D055320 MN - B5.107.795.905 MN - B5.930.945 MS - A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Many species show mycocinogenic activity against other yeasts. HN - 2009 MH - X-Ray Microtomography UI - D055114 MN - E1.370.350.700.810.810.900 MN - E1.370.350.825.810.810.900 MS - X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range. HN - 2009 MH - Young Adult UI - D055815 MN - M1.60.116.815 MS - A person between 19 and 24 years of age. AN - age 19-24; IM only as social, political, psychological entity; NIM as check tag HN - 2009 MH - zeta-Globins UI - D055543 MN - D12.776.124.400.434.320.500 MN - D12.776.422.316.762.403.320.500 MS - A member of the alpha-globin family. In humans, zeta-globin is encoded in the alpha-globin gene cluster located on CHROMOSOME 16. Two zeta-globin chains combine with two EPSILON GLOBIN chains to form the embryonic HEMOGLOBIN Gower 1. HN - 2009 BX - zeta-Globin