NEW (2005) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 8/13/2004) TOTAL DESCRIPTORS = 487 MH - Acanthamoeba castellanii UI - D048248 MN - B1.500.841.750.656.475.100.75.80.150 MS - A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and KERATITIS in humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with AMEBIASIS (IM); or ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS (IM) if pertinent HN - 2005 MH - Acanthoma UI - D049309 MN - C4.557.470.700.40 MN - C4.588.805.40 MS - A neoplasm composed of squamous or epidermal cells. AN - coordinate IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Acanthoma, Clear Cell MH - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing UI - D048868 MN - D12.644.360.24 MN - D12.776.157.57 MN - D12.776.476.24 MS - A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes HN - 2005 BX - Signal Transducing Adaptor Proteins MH - Adrenogenital Syndrome UI - D047808 MN - C19.391.775.129 MS - Abnormal SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION caused by disorders of the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA and ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS. Due to abnormal steroid biosynthesis, clinical features include VIRILISM in females; FEMINIZATION in males; or precocious sexual development in children. HN - 2005; use ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL 1980-2004 FX - Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital MH - Aeromonas salmonicida UI - D048409 MN - B3.440.450.19.25.690 MN - B3.660.250.17.25.690 MS - A species of gram-negative bacteria, in the family Aeromonadaceae. It is strictly parasitic and often pathogenic causing FURUNCULOSIS in SALMONIDS and ulcer disease in GOLDFISH. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) and FURUNCULOSIS (IM) if pertinent HN - 2005 MH - Agapornis UI - D046710 MN - B1.150.900.248.710.672.40 MS - A genus comprised of nine species of small PARROTS from Africa. They are noted for showing affection for their mates. HN - 2005 BX - Lovebirds MH - Agelas UI - D047230 MN - B1.500.802.39 MS - A genus of large, brightly colored SPONGES in the family Agelasidae, possessing a skeleton of spongin fibers with a core of large spicules (megascleres). HN - 2005 MH - alpha-Cyclodextrins UI - D047391 MN - D4.345.103.222 MN - D9.698.365.855.400.375.222 MS - Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of six (6) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. HN - 2005 MH - alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase UI - D048809 MN - D8.811.277.450.483.44 MS - A hexosaminidase with specificity for terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides. HN - 2005(1978) BX - alpha-N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminidase MH - Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids UI - D047151 MN - D3.132.52 MS - Alkaloids derived from TYRAMINE combined with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde via a norbelladine pathway, including GALANTAMINE, lycorine and crinine. They are found in the Amaryllidaceae (LILACEAE) plant family. HN - 2005 MH - Amazona UI - D046708 MN - B1.150.900.248.710.672.50 MS - One of the largest genera of PARROTS, ranging from South American to Northern Mexico. Many species are commonly kept as house pets. HN - 2005 BX - Amazon Parrots MH - American Civil War UI - D047831 MN - K1.504.504.937.100 MS - 1861-1865 conflict between the Union (Northern states) and the 11 Southern states that seceded and were organized as the Confederate States of America. HN - 2005 BX - War Between the States MH - American Revolution UI - D047788 MN - K1.504.504.875.100 MS - Armed conflict that resulted in separation of American colonies from Britain and established the United States of America. HN - 2005 BX - American War of Independence BX - Revolutionary War MH - Aminoacylation UI - D049148 MN - G6.535.95.55 MN - G6.535.770.50 MN - H1.181.404.95.526 MS - A reaction that introduces an aminoacyl group to a molecule. TRANSFER RNA AMINOACYLATION is the first step in GENETIC TRANSLATION. AN - not for activation of enzymes, receptors, cells, etc. by amino acids: index ENZYME ACTIVATION or specific term with /metab HN - 2005 MH - Anabaena cylindrica UI - D046868 MN - B3.280.100.150 MN - B3.440.475.100.100.150 MS - A species in the genus ANABAENA whose trichomes are composed of cylindrical cells. HN - 2005 MH - Anabaena flos-aquae UI - D046869 MN - B3.280.100.300 MN - B3.440.475.100.100.300 MS - A species in the genus ANABAENA containing gas vacuoles that gives buoyancy to the organism. It can form extensive blooms in FRESH WATER and is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals. HN - 2005 MH - Anabaena variabilis UI - D046870 MN - B3.280.100.900 MN - B3.440.475.100.100.900 MS - A species of ANABAENA that can form SPORES called akinetes. HN - 2005 MH - Anacardic Acids UI - D048729 MN - D2.241.223.100.380.800.62 MN - D2.241.511.390.700.62 MN - D2.755.410.700.62 MS - A group of 6-alkyl SALICYLIC ACIDS that are found in ANACARDIUM and known for causing CONTACT DERMATITIS. HN - 2005 MH - Andropause UI - D047649 MN - G8.520.960.249.249 MS - An endocrine state in men, characterized by a significant decline in the production of TESTOSTERONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and other hormones such as HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE. Andropause symptoms are related to the lack of androgens including DEPRESSION, sexual dysfunction, and OSTEOPOROSIS. Andropause may also result from hormonal ablation therapy for malignant diseases. HN - 2005 MH - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers UI - D047228 MN - D27.505.519.155 MS - Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS. HN - 2005 FX - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors MH - Anopheles gambiae UI - D048169 MN - B1.500.131.617.289.275.120.400 MS - A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa. HN - 2005 MH - Anseriformes UI - D046090 MN - B1.150.900.248.50 MS - An order of BIRDS comprising the waterfowl, particularly DUCKS; GEESE; swans; and screamers. HN - 2005 MH - Anthocidaris UI - D047329 MN - B1.500.408.578.50 MS - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Echinometridae. They are closely related to and some say indistinguishable from the genus Heliocidaris. HN - 2005 BX - Heliocidaris MH - Aphanizomenon UI - D046890 MN - B3.280.110 MN - B3.440.475.100.110 MS - A form-genus of planktonic CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales. HN - 2005 MH - Apigenin UI - D047310 MN - D3.438.150.266.450.260.110 MS - 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. HN - 2005 (2000) MH - Arbacia UI - D047308 MN - B1.500.408.578.70 MS - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Arbaciidae. They have only one spheridium (stalked body) per ambulacral area (contains tube feet); most sea urchins have several spheridia per area. HN - 2005 MH - Aromatase Inhibitors UI - D047072 MN - D27.505.519.389.99 MS - Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones. HN - 2005 MH - Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase UI - D047068 MN - D8.811.913.50.294 MS - An acetyltransferase with specificity towards the amine group of aromatic alkylamines (arylalkylamines) such as SEROTONIN. This enzyme is also referred to as serotonin acetylase despite the fact that serotonin acetylation can also occur through the action of broad specificity acetyltransferases such as ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE. AN - do not confuse with ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE HN - 2005(1986) BX - Serotonin Acetyltransferase MH - Asterias UI - D047271 MN - B1.500.408.765.70 MS - A genus of STARFISH in the family Asteriidae. One species, Asterias rubens, is the most common in the north-east Atlantic region. HN - 2005 MH - Asterina UI - D047288 MN - B1.500.408.765.75 MS - A genus of STARFISH in the family Asterinidae. They externally hold developing embryos (EMBRYO, NON-MAMMALIAN) among the spines below the oral surface. HN - 2005 MH - Atadenovirus UI - D046808 MN - B4.280.30.80 MN - B4.909.204.97.80 MS - A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that comprises viruses of several species of MAMMALS and BIRDS. The type species is Ovine adenovirus D. AN - infection: coord IM with ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Bovine adenovirus D BX - Deer adenovirus BX - Duck adenovirus A BX - Egg drop syndrome virus BX - Ovine adenovirus D MH - ATP-Dependent Proteases UI - D049069 MN - D8.811.277.656.149 MS - Proteases that contain proteolytic core domains and ATPase-containing regulatory domains. They are usually comprised of large multi-subunit assemblies. The domains can occur within a single peptide chain or on distinct subunits. HN - 2005(1981) BX - ATP-Dependent Protease MH - Axinella UI - D047089 MN - B1.500.802.80 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Axinellidae, comprised of a choanosomal skeleton differentiated in the axial and extra-axial region. The type species is Axinella polypoides. HN - 2005 MH - Bandages, Hydrocolloid UI - D047070 MN - E7.101.74 MS - Dressings comprised of a self-adhesive matrix to which hydrophilic absorbent particles are embedded. The particles consist of CELLULOSE derivatives; calcium ALGINATES; PECTINS; or GELS. The utility is based on providing a moist environment for WOUND HEALING. HN - 2005; use BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID (NM) 1988-2004 BX - Bandages, Hydrogel MH - Bariatrics UI - D049088 MN - G2.403.74 MS - Discipline or activities related to WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with OBESITY. Treatment methods include DIET; EXERCISE; BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION; medications; and bariatric surgeries. HN - 2005 MH - Benzoxazines UI - D048588 MN - D3.383.533.249 MN - D3.438.209 MS - OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring. AN - do not confuse with benzoxazolines (which contain a 5-membered ring) see BENZOXAZOLES HN - 2005 MH - beta-Cyclodextrins UI - D047392 MN - D4.345.103.333 MN - D9.698.365.855.400.375.333 MS - Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. HN - 2005 MH - beta-Glucans UI - D047071 MN - D9.698.365.89 MS - Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER. HN - 2005 MH - beta-Lactams UI - D047090 MN - D2.65.589.99 MS - Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria. HN - 2005; use LACTAMS 1996-2004 MH - beta-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminidase UI - D048828 MN - D8.811.277.450.483.112 MS - A hexosiminidase that specifically hydrolyzes terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides. HN - 2005(1973) MH - Bilobalides UI - D046935 MN - D2.455.849.291.400.500 MS - A degraded form of GINKGOLIDES that have three LACTONES and a unique tert-butyl group which are found in GINKGO plants. HN - 2005 MH - Blood-Nerve Barrier UI - D049428 MN - A7.37 MN - A8.800.800.90 MS - The barrier between the perineurium of PERIPHERAL NERVES and the endothelium (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR) of endoneurial CAPILLARIES. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. HN - 2005 FX - Capillary Permeability MH - Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic UI - D046289 MN - E2.218.85 MN - E4.85 MS - The wounding of the body or body parts by branding, cutting, piercing (BODY PIERCING), or TATTOOING as a cultural practice or expression of creativity or identity. HN - 2005 BX - Cultural Body Modification FX - Circumcision, Female FX - Self-Injurious Behavior MH - Body Piercing UI - D046288 MN - E2.218.85.90 MN - E2.800.90 MN - E4.85.90 MS - The perforation of an anatomical region for the wearing of jewelry. HN - 2005 BX - Ear Piercing BX - Eyebrow Piercing BX - Lip Piercing BX - Navel Piercing BX - Nipple Piercing BX - Piercing, Body BX - Tongue Piercing MH - Body Size UI - D049628 MN - E1.370.600.115.100.160 MN - E5.118.160 MN - G7.290.100.160 MN - G7.574.249.314 MS - The physical measurements of a body. HN - 2005; use BODY CONSTITUTION 1984-2004 MH - Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex UI - D048090 MN - C8.730.85 MN - C22.196.90 MS - A multifactorial disease of CATTLE resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. The environmental factors act as stressors adversely affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM and other host defenses and enhancing transmission of infecting agents. HN - 2005 MH - Breast Cyst UI - D047688 MN - C4.182.156 MN - C17.800.90.249 MS - A fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM and found in the BREAST. It may appear as a single large cyst in one breast, multifocal, or bilateral in FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE. AN - FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE is also available HN - 2005; use FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE 1993-2004 BX - Breast Cysts FX - Fibrocystic Breast Disease MH - CADASIL UI - D046589 MN - C10.228.140.300.400.203 MN - C10.228.140.300.510.200.175 MN - C14.907.253.337.187 MN - C14.907.253.560.200.175 MN - C16.131.260.140 MN - C16.320.180.140 MS - A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146) HN - 2005; use DEMENTIA, MULTI-INFARCT 2000-2004 MH - Calixarenes UI - D047250 MN - D4.345.25 MS - Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings. HN - 2005 BX - Calixarene MH - Callyspongia UI - D047128 MN - B1.500.802.160 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Callyspongiidae comprised of a regular ectosomal reticulate skeleton. HN - 2005 MH - Canidae UI - D046028 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.153 MS - A family of terrestrial carnivores with long snouts and non-retractable claws. Members include COYOTES; DOGS; FOXES; JACKALS; RACCOON DOGS; and WOLVES. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 MH - Casein Kinase I UI - D047389 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.300 MN - D12.644.360.150.300 MN - D12.776.476.150.300 MS - A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40 kD. Several ISOENZYMES of casein kinase I have been found which are encoded by separate genes. Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. HN - 2005(1974) MH - Casein Kinase Ialpha UI - D048128 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.300.100 MN - D12.644.360.150.300.100 MN - D12.776.476.150.300.100 MS - A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a role in intracellular signaling pathways including the CELL CYCLE, membrane trafficking and RNA PROCESSING. In DROSOPHILA casein kinase Ialpha has been in regulation of Hedghog and Wingless signaling pathways. Multiple isoforms of casein kinase Ialpha exist and are due ALTERNATIVE MRNA SPLICING. HN - 2005(2000) MH - Casein Kinase Idelta UI - D048148 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.300.200 MN - D12.644.360.150.300.200 MN - D12.776.476.150.300.200 MS - A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions including vesicular transport, CHROMSOME SEGREGATION; CYTOKINESIS, developmental processes, and the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. HN - 2005(1993) MH - Casein Kinase Iepsilon UI - D048149 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.300.300 MN - D12.644.360.150.300.300 MN - D12.776.476.150.300.300 MS - A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. HN - 2005(1998) MH - Casein Kinase II UI - D047390 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.600 MN - D12.644.360.150.600 MN - D12.776.476.150.600 MS - A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. HN - 2005(1992) MH - Casein Kinases UI - D047388 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.140 MN - D12.644.360.150 MN - D12.776.476.150 MS - A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2005(1974) BX - Casein Kinase MH - Caulerpa UI - D046068 MN - B2.80.300 MS - A genus of toxic marine GREEN ALGAE found throughout tropical and subtropical seas. One species, Caulerpa taxifolia, is highly invasive and produces the poison caulerpenyne, deadly to marine organisms though not humans. HN - 2005 MH - Cell Enlargement UI - D049108 MN - G4.335.233.500 MN - G7.382.843.500 MN - G7.574.249.410.500 MS - Growth processes that result in an increase in CELL SIZE. HN - 2005 BX - Cell Growth in Size FX - Hypertrophy MH - Cell Growth Processes UI - D048708 MN - G4.335.233 MN - G7.382.843 MN - G7.574.249.410 MS - Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2005 FX - Cell Size FX - Cell Survival MH - Cell Nucleus Division UI - D048750 MN - G4.335.134.220.220 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.220 MN - G5.105.220 MN - G7.382.374.220.220 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.220 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.220 MS - The process by which the CELL NUCLEUS is divided. AN - 1st phase = PROPHASE, 2d phase = METAPHASE, 3d phase = ANAPHASE, final phase = TELOPHASE HN - 2005; for KARYOKINESIS use MITOSIS 1981-2004 BX - Cell Nucleus Division Phases BX - Karyokinesis BX - Nuclear Division MH - Cell Proliferation UI - D049109 MN - G4.335.233.750 MN - G7.382.843.750 MN - G7.574.249.410.750 MS - All of the processes involved in increasing in CELL NUMBER. These processes include more than CELL DIVISION which is part of the CELL CYCLE. HN - 2005 BX - Cell Growth in Number BX - Cellular Proliferation FX - Hyperplasia MH - Cell Shape UI - D048430 MN - G4.335.309 MN - G7.382.968 MS - The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS. AN - not for microorganisms; coordinate with organ /cytol or /pathol or specific cell /cytol or /pathol HN - 2005; use CELL SIZE 1993-2004 MH - Cell Size UI - D048429 MN - G4.335.313 MN - G7.382.984 MS - The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS. AN - not for microorganisms; coordinate with organ /cytol or /pathol or specific cell /cytol or /pathol HN - 2005(1993) MH - Chalcones UI - D047188 MN - D2.522.818.222 MN - D3.438.150.266.450.221 MS - Compounds based on CHALCONE. They are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS. HN - 2005 FX - Benzoates MH - Charadriformes UI - D046091 MN - B1.150.900.248.150 MS - An order of BIRDS including over 300 species that primarily inhabit costal waters, beaches, and marshes. They are comprised of shorebirds, gulls, and terns. HN - 2005 BX - Gulls BX - Laridae MH - Chernobyl Nuclear Accident UI - D047852 MN - K1.504.504.968.700 MS - April 25th -26th, 1986 nuclear power accident that occurred at Chernobyl in the former USSR (Ukraine) located 80 miles north of Kiev. HN - 2005 FX - Disasters FX - Nuclear Reactors MH - Child Mortality UI - D046688 MN - E5.318.308.985.550.287 MN - G3.850.505.400.975.550.287 MN - G3.850.520.308.985.550.287 MN - L1.280.975.550.287 MN - N1.224.935.698.150 MS - Number of deaths of children between one year of age to 12 years of age in a given population. AN - a statistical concept; check the tag CHILD, PRESCHOOL or CHILD HN - 2005; use INFANT MORTALITY 1980-2004 MH - Chimerism UI - D046528 MN - G13.920.590.175.125 MS - The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from different individuals. This contrasts with MOSAICISM in which the different cell populations are derived from a single individual. HN - 2005 FX - Chimera FX - Mosaicism MH - Chitosan UI - D048271 MN - D5.750.78.139.500 MN - D9.698.211.500 MS - Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS. HN - 2005(2004) MH - Chlorella vulgaris UI - D048408 MN - B2.80.469.400 MS - A species of green microalgae in the family Chlorellaceae. It is used as a model organism for PHOTOSYNTHESIS, and as a food supplement (DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS). HN - 2005 MH - Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance UI - D049448 MN - E1.370.350.500.100 MN - E1.370.350.700.715.200.215 MN - E1.370.350.825.500.100 MN - E1.370.372.200.215 MS - Non-invasive diagnostic technique for visualizing the PANCREATIC DUCTS and BILE DUCTS. It has excellent sensitivity for duct dilatation, biliary stricture, and intraductal abnormalities. HN - 2005 BX - Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography MH - Chondromalacia Patellae UI - D046789 MN - C5.182.100 MN - C17.300.182.100 MS - A degeneration of the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE of the PATELLA, caused by a decrease in sulfated MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the ground substance. When accompanied by pain, it is sometimes considered part of or confused with PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME. HN - 2005 FX - Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome MH - Chorioallantoic Membrane UI - D049033 MN - A10.615.249 MN - A13.350.575 MN - A16.254.300.400 MS - A highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the CHORION and the ALLANTOIS. It is mostly found in BIRDS and REPTILES. It serves as a model for studying tumor or cell biology, such as angiogenesis and TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION. HN - 2005 FX - Allantois FX - Chorion MH - Chromatin Immunoprecipitation UI - D047369 MN - E5.393.170 MN - E5.478.605.160 MS - A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing. HN - 2005 BX - Immunoprecipitation, Chromatin MH - Clostridium acetobutylicum UI - D046969 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.25 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.25 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, used for the industrial production of SOLVENTS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium beijerinckii UI - D046970 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.100 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.100 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, capable of solventogenesis, and isolated from SOIL, infected WOUNDS, fermenting OLIVES, and spoiled CANDY. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium bifermentans UI - D046971 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.130 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.130 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that ferments both CARBOHYDRATES and AMINO ACIDS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type A UI - D047013 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.50 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.50 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A which is neurotoxic to humans and animals. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type B UI - D047014 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.100 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.100 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type B which is neurotoxic to humans and animals. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type C UI - D047968 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.150 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.150 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type C which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS, especially CATTLE, but not humans. It causes dissociation of ACTIN FILAMENTS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type D UI - D047969 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.200 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.200 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type D which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS, especially CATTLE, but not humans. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type E UI - D047970 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.250 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.250 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type E which is neurotoxic to humans and animals. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type F UI - D047971 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.300 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.300 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type F which is neurotoxic to humans and animals. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium botulinum type G UI - D048568 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.160.350 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.160.350 MS - Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type G. Though it has been isolated from soil, no outbreaks involving this type have been recognized. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BOTULISM (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium butyricum UI - D046972 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.180 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.180 MS - Type species of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM, a gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is used as a source of PROBIOTICS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium cellulolyticum UI - D046973 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.200 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.200 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is a cellulolytic, mesophilic species isolated from decayed GRASS. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium cellulovorans UI - D046974 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.205 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.205 MS - A species of gram-positive, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It produces CELLULOSOMES which are involved in plant CELL WALL degradation. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium chauvoei UI - D046975 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.215 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.215 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae isolated from infected CATTLE; SHEEP; and other animals. It causes blackleg in cattle and sheep and is transmitted through soil-borne spores. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium histolyticum UI - D047009 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.412 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.412 MS - A species of gram-positive, strongly proteolytic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It contains several forms of COLLAGENASE whose action can lead to GAS GANGRENE in humans and HORSES. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) or GAS GANGRENE (IM) if appropriate HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium kluyveri UI - D047010 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.493 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.493 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is distinctive for its ability to ferment ETHANOL to caproic acid. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium sordellii UI - D047989 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.700 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.700 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, found in INTESTINES and SOIL. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium sticklandii UI - D047991 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.710 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.710 MS - A species of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae frequently used for the study of ENZYMES. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium symbiosum UI - D048009 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.713 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.713 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Its GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE is commonly used in research. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium tertium UI - D048010 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.722 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.722 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, causing BACTEREMIA in humans and ANIMALS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium tetanomorphum UI - D048012 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.740 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.740 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Its glutamate mutase is commonly used in research. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium thermocellum UI - D048013 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.770 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.770 MS - A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME. HN - 2005 MH - Clostridium tyrobutyricum UI - D048014 MN - B3.300.390.400.200.800 MN - B3.510.415.400.200.800 MS - A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae responsible for spoilage of some CHEESE via FERMENTATION of BUTYRIC ACID. HN - 2005 MH - Cockatoos UI - D046410 MN - B1.150.900.248.710.251 MS - Large crested BIRDS in the family Cacatuidae, found in Australia, New Guinea, and islands adjacent to the Philippines. The cockatiel (species Nymphicus hollandicus) is much smaller. HN - 2005 BX - Cacatuidae BX - Cockatiels BX - Nymphicus hollandicus MH - Colitis, Collagenous UI - D046729 MN - C6.405.205.265.173.500 MN - C6.405.469.158.188.173.500 MS - A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples taken from the COLON show larger-than-normal band of subepithelial COLLAGEN. HN - 2005 MH - Colitis, Lymphocytic UI - D046730 MN - C6.405.205.265.173.750 MN - C6.405.469.158.188.173.750 MS - A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples taken from the COLON show infiltration of LYMPHOCYTES in the superficial EPITHELIUM and the underlying connective tissue (lamina propria). HN - 2005 MH - Colitis, Microscopic UI - D046728 MN - C6.405.205.265.173 MN - C6.405.469.158.188.173 MS - A condition characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. This syndrome was first described in 1980 by Read and associates. Subtypes include COLLAGENOUS COLITIS and LYMPHOCYTIC COLITIS. Both have similar clinical symptoms and are distinguishable only by histology. HN - 2005 MH - Columbiformes UI - D046092 MN - B1.150.900.248.165 MS - An order of BIRDS comprised of PIGEONS, DOVES, and an extinct family that includes dodos. HN - 2005 MH - Coproporphyria, Hereditary UI - D046349 MN - C6.552.830.74 MN - C16.320.565.735.74 MN - C16.320.850.742.74 MN - C17.800.827.742.74 MN - C17.800.849.617.400.74 MN - C18.452.648.735.74 MN - C18.452.872.617.400.74 MS - An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE in the LIVER, the sixth enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include both neurological symptoms and cutaneous lesions. Patients excrete increased levels of porphyrin precursors, 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and COPROPORPHYRINS. HN - 2005; use PORPHYRIA, HEPATIC 1993-2004 MH - Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump UI - D047549 MN - E4.100.376.719.332.199 MN - E4.928.220.520.220.189 MS - Coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating HEART without a CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (diverting the flow of blood from the heart and lungs through an oxygenator). HN - 2005 BX - Beating Heart Coronary Artery Bypass BX - Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass MH - Corynebacterium glutamicum UI - D048230 MN - B3.510.24.49.180.300 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.200.300 MS - A species of gram-positive, asporogenous, non-pathogenic, soil bacteria that produces GLUTAMIC ACID. HN - 2005 MH - Coyotes UI - D046029 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.153.150 MS - The species Canis latrans in the family CANIDAE, a smaller relative of WOLVES. It is found in the Western hemisphere from Costa Rica to Alaska. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Canis latrans MH - Crambe Sponge UI - D047132 MN - B1.500.802.175 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Crambeidae characterized by desmoid spicules. The type species is Crambe crambe. HN - 2005 BX - Crambe crambe MH - Crimean War UI - D047849 MN - K1.504.504.937.500 MS - Conflict between Russia and its ally the Ottoman Empire and England, France, and Sardinia. The immediate dispute was between Russia and France over control of Palestinian holy places. HN - 2005 MH - Crown Compounds UI - D047248 MN - D4.345.51 MS - Macrocyclic compounds analogous to CROWN ETHERS but which lack any OXYGEN atoms. HN - 2005; use CROWN ETHERS 1993-2004 MH - Crows UI - D046368 MN - B1.150.900.248.620.750.150 MS - Common name for the largest birds in the order PASSERIFORMES, family Corvidae. These omnivorous black birds comprise most of the species in the genus Corvus, along with ravens and jackdaws (which are often also referred to as crows). HN - 2005; use SONGBIRDS 1999-2004 BX - Ravens MH - Cucumaria UI - D048016 MN - B1.500.408.560.150 MS - A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS possessing the primitive radial configuration of podia in all five ambulacral areas. HN - 2005 MH - Culture Techniques UI - D046508 MN - E5.200.249 MS - Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or EMBRYO in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types. AN - NIM; Manual 18.7.2-.3, 22.26.1, 26.23+; ORGAN CULTURE; CELL CULTURE; EMBRYO CULTURE are also available HN - 2005 FX - Cell Line FX - Cells, Cultured FX - Cells, Immobilized FX - Clone Cells FX - Tumor Cells, Cultured FX - Virus Cultivation MH - Cyanothece UI - D046889 MN - B3.280.200 MN - B3.440.475.100.200 MS - A form-genus of unicellular coccoid to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA, in the order Chroococcales. Three different clusters of strains from diverse habitats are included. HN - 2005 MH - Cyclotides UI - D047169 MN - D12.644.641.243 MS - A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen AMINO ACIDS, so there is no free N- or C-terminus. They are further characterized by six conserved CYSTEINE residues that form CYSTINE KNOT MOTIFS. HN - 2005 MH - Cylindrospermopsis UI - D046891 MN - B3.280.210 MN - B3.440.475.100.210 MS - A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales, characterized by thin trichomes, cylindrical akinetes, and terminal heterocysts. HN - 2005 MH - Cystine Knot Motifs UI - D047168 MN - G6.184.603.790.709.600.40.127 MS - Amino acid sequence in which two disulfide bonds (DISULFIDES) and their connecting backbone form a ring that is penetrated by a third disulfide bond. Members include CYCLOTIDES and agouti-related protein. HN - 2005 MH - Cytokinesis UI - D048749 MN - G4.335.134.220.250 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.250 MN - G7.382.374.220.250 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.250 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.250 MS - The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided. AN - permitted with microorganisms; do not confuse CYTOKINESIS with CELL MOVEMENT or CYTOPLASMIC STREAMING HN - 2005; use CELL DIVISION 1985-2004 MH - Decapitation UI - D049248 MN - C21.866.986.224 MS - Traumatic or experimentally induced separation of the head from the body in an animal or human. HN - 2005 MH - Deep Brain Stimulation UI - D046690 MN - E2.779.468.250 MN - E2.831.580.468.250 MN - E4.190 MS - Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously. AN - coord with disease /ther HN - 2005; for ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE BRAIN use ELECTRIC STIMULATION 1997-2003 BX - Brain Stimulation, Deep FX - Electric Stimulation MH - Defibrillators UI - D047548 MN - E7.296.159 MS - Cardiac electrical stimulators that apply brief high-voltage electroshocks to the HEART. These stimulators are used to restore normal rhythm and contractile function in hearts of patients who are experiencing VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION or ventricular tachycardia (TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR) that is not accompanied by a palpable PULSE. Some defibrillators may also be used to correct certain noncritical dysrhythmias (called synchronized defibrillation or CARDIOVERSION), using relatively low-level discharges synchronized to the patient's ECG waveform. (UMDNS, 2003) HN - 2005 FX - Electric Countershock MH - Dendritic Spines UI - D049229 MN - A8.663.256.200 MN - A11.284.180.225.169 MN - A11.671.240.169 MS - Spiny processes on DENDRITES, each of which receives excitatory input from one nerve ending (NERVE ENDINGS). They are commonly found on PURKINJE CELLS and PYRAMIDAL CELLS. HN - 2005 MH - Dental Informatics UI - D048048 MN - L1.313.249 MS - The application of computer and information sciences to improve dental practice, research, education and management. HN - 2005 MH - Depsipeptides UI - D047630 MN - D4.345.566.297 MN - D12.644.641.297 MS - Compounds consisting of chains of AMINO ACIDS alternating with CARBOXYLIC ACIDS via ester and amide linkages. They are commonly cyclized. HN - 2005 MH - Dermoscopy UI - D046169 MN - E1.370.350.515.184 MS - A noninvasive diagnostic technique that enables an experienced clinician to perform direct microscopic examination of the surface and architecture of pigmented SKIN lesions. The four major dermoscopic criteria are ABCD: asymmetry (A), borders (B), colors (C), and different structural components (D) providing a semiquantitative scoring system for each lesion. HN - 2005 MH - Diabetes Complications UI - D048909 MN - C19.246.99 MS - Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE. AN - general only; prefer /compl with specific type of diabetes + specific complication: Manual 23.25.3.1 HN - 2005 MH - Didelphis UI - D048293 MN - B1.150.900.649.573.575.150 MS - A genus of large OPOSSUMS in the family Didelphidae, found in the Americas. The species Didelphis virginiana is prominent in North America. HN - 2005; use OPOSSUMS 1968-2004 BX - Opossum, North American MH - Dioxygenases UI - D049308 MN - D8.811.682.690.416 MS - Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. HN - 2005 MH - Dipteryx UI - D046914 MN - B6.388.100.401.194 MS - A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain COUMARINS. AN - coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2005 BX - Tonka Bean MH - Distal Myopathies UI - D049310 MN - C5.651.534.500.74 MN - C10.668.491.175.500.74 MN - C16.320.577.74 MS - A heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY and MUSCLE WEAKNESS beginning in the hands, the legs, or the feet. Most are adult-onset autosomal dominant forms. Others are autosomal recessive. HN - 2005; use MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES 2000-2004 BX - Muscular Dystrophy, Distal MH - DNA, Algal UI - D048028 MN - D13.444.308.148 MS - Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of ALGAE. HN - 2005 BX - Algal DNA MH - Donor Selection UI - D046148 MN - E4.932.500 MN - N2.421.911.600 MS - The procedure established to evaluate the health status and risk factors of the potential DONORS of biological materials. Donors are selected based on the principles that their health will not be compromised in the process, and the donated materials, such as TISSUES or ORGANS, are safe for reuse in the recipients. HN - 2005 BX - Donor Screening MH - Dysidea UI - D047088 MN - B1.500.802.200 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Dysideidae, in which all skeletal fibers are filled with detritus. HN - 2005 MH - Dystroglycans UI - D049030 MN - D12.776.210.500.410.500 MN - D12.776.220.362.249 MN - D12.776.543.268.500 MS - Dystrophin-associated proteins that play role in the formation of a transmembrane link between LAMININ-2 and DYSTROPHIN. Both the alpha and the beta subtypes of dystroglycan originate via POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING of a single precursor protein. HN - 2005(1992) BX - Dystroglycan FX - Dystrophin-Associated Protein Complex MH - Dystrophin-Associated Protein Complex UI - D049028 MN - D5.500.149 MS - A macromolecular complex of proteins that includes DYSTROPHIN and DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. It plays a structural role in the linking the CYTOSKELETON to the EXTRACELLULAR MAXTRIX. HN - 2005 MH - Dystrophin-Associated Proteins UI - D049029 MN - D12.776.210.500.410 MN - D12.776.220.362 MN - D12.776.543.268 MS - A group of proteins that associate with DYSTROPHIN at the CELL MEMBRANE to form the DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN COMPLEX. HN - 2005 MH - East Timor UI - D049648 MN - Z1.252.145.281 MS - A country in Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago. It includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco. On May 20, 2002, East Timor was internationally recognized as an independent state. This followed its declared independence from Portugal on November 20, 1975 and a period of armed conflict with Indonesia. HN - 2005 MH - Ebola Vaccines UI - D046129 MN - D24.310.894.899.205 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER. HN - 2005 BX - Ebola Virus Vaccines MH - Echinococcus granulosus UI - D048209 MN - B1.500.500.736.215.327.400 MS - A species of hydatid tapeworm (class CESTODA) in the family Taeniidae, whose adult form infects the DIGESTIVE TRACT of DOGS, other canines, and CATS. The larval form infects SHEEP; PIGS; HORSES; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent HYDATID CYSTS. AN - infection: coordinate (IM) with ECHINOCOCCOSIS (IM) or specifics (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Echinococcus multilocularis UI - D048210 MN - B1.500.500.736.215.327.500 MS - A north temperate species of tapeworm (CESTODA) whose adult form infects FOXES and wild RODENTS. The larval form can infect humans producing HEPATIC HYDATID CYSTS. AN - infection: coordinate (IM) with ECHINOCOCCOSIS (IM) or specifics (IM); infection in humans = ECHINOCOCCOSIS, HEPATIC HN - 2005 MH - Electrophoresis, Microchip UI - D046209 MN - E5.196.401.190.500 MN - E5.196.630.465.340 MN - E5.588.465.340 MS - A highly miniaturized version of ELECTROPHORESIS performed in a microfluidic device. AN - coord with MICROARRAY ANALYSIS if pertinent HN - 2005 BX - Microchip Electrophoresis MH - Embryo Culture Techniques UI - D046149 MN - E5.200.249.468 MS - The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe embryonic development (GROWTH AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT), METABOLISM, and susceptibility to TERATOGENS AN - restrict to whole mammalian embryos; for cultures of embryonic tissue or cells, use TISSUE CULTURE or CELL CULTURE HN - 2005 MH - Embryonic Development UI - D047108 MN - G7.574.500.325.180 MN - G8.520.170.104 MS - Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS. HN - 2005; use EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT 1985-2004; for POSTIMPLANTATION EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT & PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT use EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT 1976-2004 BX - Embryo Development BX - Embryogenesis BX - Postimplantation Embryo Development BX - Preimplantation Embryo Development MH - Endopeptidase Clp UI - D049071 MN - D8.811.277.656.149.200 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.228 MS - An ATP-dependent protease found in prokaryotes, CHLOROPLASTS, and MITOCHONDRIA. It is a soluble multisubunit complex that plays a role in the degradation of many abnormal proteins. HN - 2005(1988) BX - ATP-Dependent Endoprotease Ti BX - Protease Ti MH - Eosinophil Cationic Protein UI - D047150 MN - D8.811.277.352.700.350.262 MN - D12.776.124.486.379.249 MN - D24.611.600.600.249 MS - One of several basic proteins released from EOSINOPHIL cytoplasmic granules. Eosinophil cationic protein is a 21-kDa cytotoxic peptide with a pI of 10.9. Although eosinophil cationic protein is considered a member of the RNAse A superfamily of proteins, it has only limited RNAse activity. HN - 2005(1979) MH - Eosinophil Granule Proteins UI - D047091 MN - D12.776.124.486.379 MN - D24.611.600.600 MS - Proteins found in EOSINOPHIL granules. They are primarily basic proteins that play a role in host defense and the proinflammatory actions of activated eosinophils. HN - 2005(1979) MH - Eosinophil Major Basic Protein UI - D047093 MN - D12.776.124.486.379.500 MN - D24.611.600.600.500 MS - One of several basic proteins released from EOSINOPHIL cytoplasmic granules. Eosinophil major basic protein is a 14-kDa cytotoxic peptide with a pI of 10.9. In addition to its direct cytotoxic effects, it stimulates the release of variety of INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS. HN - 2005(1981) BX - Eosinophil Basic Protein BX - Major Basic Protein, Eosinophil MH - Eosinophil Peroxidase UI - D047209 MN - D8.811.682.732.440 MN - D12.776.124.486.379.311 MN - D24.611.600.600.311 MS - A 66-kDa peroxidase found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil peroxidase is a cationic protein with a pI of 10.8 and is comprised of a heavy chain subunit and a light chain subunit. It possesses cytotoxic activity towards BACTERIA and other organisms, which is attributed to its peroxidase activity. HN - 2005(1997) MH - Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin UI - D047208 MN - D8.811.277.352.700.350.381 MN - D12.776.124.486.379.275 MN - D24.611.600.600.275 MS - A 19-kDa cationic peptide found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is a RIBONUCLEASE and may play a role as an endogenous ANTIVIRAL AGENT. HN - 2005(1989) MH - Escherichia coli K12 UI - D048168 MN - B3.440.450.425.325.300.149 MN - B3.660.250.150.180.100.49 MS - A species of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the K serogroup of ESCHERICHIA COLI. It lives as a harmless inhabitant of the human LARGE INTESTINE and is widely used in medical and GENETIC RESEARCH. AN - infection: coordinate IM with ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - E coli K12 MH - Esophageal Sphincter, Lower UI - D049630 MN - A2.633.570.210 MN - A3.556.875.500.414.350 MN - A3.556.875.875.330.350 MS - The physiologic or functional barrier to GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX at the esophagogastric junction. Sphincteric muscles remain tonically contracted during the resting state and form the high-pressure zone separating the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS from that of the STOMACH. (Haubrich et al, Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed., pp399, 415) AN - diseases: coordinate IM with ESOPHAGEAL DISEASES (IM) or specific esophageal disease (IM); neoplasms: coordinate IM with STOMACH NEOPLASMS (IM) or ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) depending on text HN - 2005 BX - Lower Esophageal Sphincter FX - Gastroesophageal Reflux MH - Esophageal Sphincter, Upper UI - D049631 MN - A2.633.567.800.360 MN - A3.556.875.500.360 MN - A4.623.617.360 MN - A14.724.617.360 MS - The structure at the pharyngoesophageal junction consisting chiefly of the cricopharyngeus muscle. It normally occludes the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS, except during SWALLOWING. AN - diseases: coordinate IM with ESOPHAGEAL DISEASES (IM) or specific esophageal disease (IM); neoplasms: coordinate IM with ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Upper Esophageal Sphincter MH - Estrogen Receptor alpha UI - D047628 MN - D12.776.826.750.350.174 MN - D12.776.930.682.350.174 MS - One of the ESTROGEN RECEPTORS that has marked affinity for ESTRADIOL. Its expression and function differs from, and in some ways opposes, ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA. HN - 2005(1997) MH - Estrogen Receptor beta UI - D047629 MN - D12.776.826.750.350.262 MN - D12.776.930.682.350.262 MS - One of the ESTROGEN RECEPTORS that has greater affinity for ISOFLAVONES than ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA does. There is great sequence homology with ER alpha in the DNA-binding domain but not in the ligand binding and hinge domains. HN - 2005(1997) MH - Exhumation UI - D049249 MN - I1.198.780.937.422 MS - Removal of a dead body from the earth after burial. HN - 2005 FX - Forensic Anthropology FX - Postmortem Changes MH - Exteins UI - D047669 MN - G6.184.603.60.270 MS - The (EXternal proTEIN) sequences flanking INTEINS, which are internal fragments of precursor proteins removed by PROTEIN SPLICING. Concomitantly, as the inteins are excised, the exteins are ligated to form mature proteins. HN - 2005 FX - Inteins FX - Protein Splicing MH - Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases UI - D048049 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.342 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.249 MN - D12.644.360.450.169 MN - D12.776.476.450.169 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS, MITOSIS and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS. AN - note specifics HN - 2005; for EXTRACELLULAR SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASES use MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES 1994-2004 BX - ERK MAP Kinases BX - Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases BX - MAP Kinases, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MH - Falconiformes UI - D046093 MN - B1.150.900.248.250 MN - B1.150.900.248.815.350 MS - An order of diurnal BIRDS of prey, including EAGLES; HAWKS; buzzards; vultures; and falcons. HN - 2005 MH - Felidae UI - D045989 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.354 MS - The cat family in the order CARNIVORA comprised of muscular, deep-chested terrestrial carnivores with a highly predatory lifestyle. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Leopards, Snow BX - Leopardus pardalis BX - Ocelots BX - Snow Leopards MH - Felis UI - D045991 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.354.250 MS - Genus in the family FELIDAE comprised of small felines including the domestic cat, Felis catus (CATS) and its ancestor the wild cat, Felis silvestris. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 MH - Fertile Period UI - D046910 MN - G8.520.440.154 MS - The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that is optimal for FERTILIZATION of the OVUM and yielding PREGNANCY. The duration of fertile period depends on the life span of male GAMETES within the female reproductive tract and the time of OVULATION. It usually begins a few days before ovulation and ends on the day of ovulation. HN - 2005; use MENSTRUATION 1980-2004 FX - Natural Family Planning Methods MH - Fetal Development UI - D047109 MN - G7.574.500.325.235 MN - G8.520.170.157 MS - Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES. AN - mammalian only HN - 2005, 1985-2002; use EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT 2003-2004 MH - Fetal Mortality UI - D046689 MN - E5.318.308.985.550.362 MN - G3.850.505.400.975.550.362 MN - G3.850.520.308.985.550.362 MN - L1.280.975.550.362 MN - N1.224.935.698.300 MS - Number of fetal deaths with stated or presumed gestation of 20 weeks or more in a given population. Late fetal mortality is death after of 28 weeks or more. AN - do not confuse with FETAL DEATH, a non-statistical concept HN - 2005 MH - Fetal Nutrition Disorders UI - D048070 MN - C13.703.277.677 MN - C18.654.521.625 MS - Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, in the FETUS in utero. HN - 2005; use PLACENTA INSUFFICIENCY 1998-2004 BX - Fetal Malnutrition BX - Malnutrition, Fetal MH - Fetal Therapies UI - D046128 MN - E2.467 MS - Prenatal interventions to correct fetal anomalies or treat FETAL DISEASES in utero. Fetal therapies include several major areas, such as open surgery; FETOSCOPY; pharmacological therapy; INTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and GENE THERAPY. AN - General only; prefer specifics HN - 2005; use FETAL DISEASES 1993-2004, use FETUS 1986-1992 BX - Fetal Therapy MH - Finches UI - D046369 MN - B1.150.900.248.620.750.250 MS - Common name for small PASSERIFORMES in the family Fringillidae. They have a short stout bill (BEAK) adapted for crushing SEEDS. Some species of Old World finches are called CANARIES. HN - 2005; use SONGBIRDS 1999-2004 MH - Fireflies UI - D048888 MN - B1.500.131.617.69.307 MS - The family Lampyidae, which are bioluminescent BEETLES. They contain FIREFLY LUCIFERIN and LUCIFERASES. Oxidation of firefly luciferin results in luminescence. HN - 2005; use BEETLES 1993-2004 BX - Lampyridae MH - Firefly Luciferin UI - D049454 MN - D3.383.871.298 MS - A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE, PHYSICAL). HN - 2005 MH - Flavones UI - D047309 MN - D3.438.150.266.450.260 MS - A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS. HN - 2005, 1963-2003; use FLAVONOIDS 2004 MH - Forensic Pathology UI - D049429 MN - G2.403.776.240.300 MN - G2.403.776.600.249 MN - I1.198.780.937.460 MS - The application of pathology to questions of law. AN - specialty; may also be used for forensic aspects in pathology HN - 2005 BX - Pathology, Forensic MH - Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic UI - D046352 MN - F1.145.113.555 MN - F1.145.632.555 MN - G11.427.792.530.698.555 MS - An induced response to threatening stimuli characterized by the cessation of body movements, except for those that are involved with BREATHING, and the maintenance of an immobile POSTURE. AN - do not confuse with IMMOBILIZATION: method for restraining body movement, or IMMOBILITY RESPONSE, TONIC: loss of postural tone HN - 2005 BX - Cataleptic Immobilization Reaction BX - Immobilization Reaction, Cataleptic FX - Catalepsy FX - Immobility Response, Tonic FX - Immobilization MH - French Revolution UI - D047850 MN - K1.504.504.875.374 MS - Conflict during which traditional monarchy was ended and modern government functions were instituted. HN - 2005 MH - Fruiting Bodies, Fungal UI - D048690 MN - B5.295.249 MS - The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES. HN - 2005 FX - Agaricales MH - Fur Seals UI - D046069 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.600.288 MS - A group comprised of several species of eared seals found in two genera, in the family Otariidae. In comparison to SEA LIONS, they have an especially dense wooly undercoat. AN - SEALS, EARED is also available HN - 2005; use SEALS, EARLESS 1990-2004 BX - Arctocephalus BX - Callorhinus BX - Seals, Eared MH - G(M2) Activator Protein UI - D049289 MN - D8.211.790.249 MS - An essential cofactor for the degradation of G(M2)GANGLIOSIDE by lysosomal BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE. Genetic mutations resulting in loss of G(M2) activator protein are one of the causes of TAY-SACHS DISEASE, AB VARIANT. HN - 2005(1983) MH - Gadiformes UI - D048388 MN - B1.150.900.493.467 MS - An order of fish including the families Gadidae (cods), Macrouridae (grenadiers), and hakes. The large Gadidae family includes cod, haddock, whiting, and pollock. HN - 2005 BX - Gadidae BX - Hakes MH - Gadus morhua UI - D048389 MN - B1.150.900.493.467.400 MS - A species of fish in the cod family GADIDAE, known as the Atlantic cod. It is one of the most important commercial FISHES. HN - 2005 BX - Atlantic Cod MH - Galliformes UI - D046094 MN - B1.150.900.248.350 MS - An order of heavy-bodied, largely terrestrial BIRDS including pheasants, TURKEYS, grouse, QUAIL, and CHICKENS. HN - 2005 MH - gamma-Cyclodextrins UI - D047408 MN - D4.345.103.444 MN - D9.698.365.855.400.375.444 MS - Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of eight (8) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. HN - 2005 MH - Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors UI - D046152 MN - C6.301.371.308 MN - C6.405.249.308 MS - All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or SCHWANN CELLS (SCHWANNOMA). Seventy percent of gastrointestinal stromal tumors occur in the STOMACH and account for 1-3% of all gastric malignancies. They tend to be slow-growing and asymptomatic until they become quite large. Symptoms include GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; DYSPEPSIA; and obstructions. Most result from mutations in the KIT gene encoding a protein-tyrosine kinase receptor (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN C-KIT). HN - 2005 MH - Geodia UI - D047231 MN - B1.500.802.360 MS - A genus of massive or globular SPONGES in the family Geodiidae, with large spicules at or near the surface. HN - 2005 MH - Ginkgolides UI - D046934 MN - D2.455.849.291.400 MS - DITERPENES with three LACTONES and a unique tert-butyl group, which are found in GINKGO plants along with BILOBALIDES. HN - 2005 MH - Glycerophosphoinositol Inositolphosphodiesterase UI - D047768 MN - D8.811.277.352.640.295 MS - A phosphoric diester hydrolase with specificity for the cleavage of GLYCEROL from 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol. It also has specificity for hydrolysis of the cyclic phosphate bond in inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate HN - 2005(1993); for 1,2-CYCLIC INOSITOLPHOSPHATE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; 1,2-CYCLIC-INOSITOL-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; & INOSITOL 1,2-CYCLIC PHOSPHATE 2-PHOSPHOHYDROLASE use ANNEXIN A3 1980-2004 BX - 1,2-Cyclic-Inositol-Phosphate Phosphodiesterase BX - Inositol 1,2-Cyclic Phosphate 2-Phosphohydrolase MH - Gophers UI - D046348 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.545 MS - The family Geomyidae of burrowing rodents, commonly called pocket gophers. There are six genera, all found in North America. HN - 2005; use RODENTIA 1998-2004 BX - Geomyidae MH - Green Fluorescent Proteins UI - D049452 MN - D12.776.532.265 MS - Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH. HN - 2005(1992) MH - Grifola UI - D048691 MN - B5.179.100.350 MS - A member of the AGARICALES known for edible MUSHROOMS. HN - 2005 MH - Growth and Development UI - D048788 MN - G7.574 MS - The series of changes to the shape, size, components, and functions of an individual organism that occur over time as the organism progresses from its initial form to full size and maturity. AN - general only; prefer specifics or /growth with specific organism, organ or tissue HN - 2005 FX - Developmental Biology FX - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental MH - Guided Tissue Regeneration UI - D048091 MN - E4.680.300 MS - Procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as BONE REGENERATION; NERVE REGENERATION; etc. They involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits at the damaged site to stimulate and control of the location of cell repopulation. The tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for CELL GROWTH or CELL MIGRATION. HN - 2005 FX - Regeneration FX - Tissue Engineering MH - Gulf War UI - D047830 MN - K1.504.504.968.800 MS - United Nations' action to intervene in conflict between the nation of Kuwait and occupying Iraqi forces, occurring from 1990 through 1991. HN - 2005 BX - Operation Desert Storm MH - Gyrovirus UI - D046810 MN - B4.280.120.400 MN - B4.909.204.120.400 MS - A genus in the family CIRCOVIRIDAE comprising the single species CHICKEN ANEMIA VIRUS. AN - infection: coord IM with CIRCOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Haliclona UI - D047129 MN - B1.500.802.380 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Chalinidae characterized by unispicular secondary lines in the choanosomal skeleton. HN - 2005 MH - Hawks UI - D046428 MN - B1.150.900.248.250.400 MN - B1.150.900.248.815.350.400 MS - Common name for many members of the FALCONIFORMES order, family Accipitridae, generally smaller than EAGLES, and containing short, rounded wings and a long tail. HN - 2005; use RAPTORS 1999-2004 MH - Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System UI - D049228 MN - L1.453.245.945.380 MN - L1.700.508.300.680.350 MN - N4.452.515.350 MS - Uniform method for health care providers and medical suppliers to report professional services, procedures, and supplies. It consists of alphanumeric codes and modifiers for the use of all public and private health insurers. It is developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. HN - 2005 BX - HCPCS MH - Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural UI - D046089 MN - C9.218.458.341.849 MN - C10.597.751.418.341.849 MN - C23.888.592.763.393.341.849 MS - Hearing loss due to damage or impairment of both the conductive elements (HEARING LOSS, CONDUCTIVE) and the sensorineural elements (HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL) of the ear. HN - 2005; use HEARING DISORDERS 2000-2004 MH - Hearing Loss, Unilateral UI - D046088 MN - C9.218.458.341.950 MN - C10.597.751.418.341.950 MN - C23.888.592.763.393.341.950 MS - Partial or complete hearing loss in one ear. HN - 2005 BX - Unilateral Hearing Loss MH - Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal UI - D046748 MN - C23.550.414.838.355 MS - A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY. HN - 2005 BX - Hemorrhage, Spinal Epidural BX - Spinal Epidural Hematoma MH - Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial UI - D046648 MN - C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.400 MN - C10.900.300.837.600.400 MN - C14.907.253.573.400.450.400 MN - C21.866.260.616.600.400 MN - C21.866.915.300.490.450.400 MN - C23.550.414.838.700.400 MN - C23.550.414.913.700.400 MS - Subdural hematoma occurring over the surface of the cerebral hemisphere. HN - 2005; use HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL 2000-2004 BX - Intracranial Subdural Hematoma MH - Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal UI - D046649 MN - C23.550.414.838.700.700 MS - Subdural hematoma of the SPINAL CANAL. HN - 2005; use HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL (2000-2004) BX - Spinal Subdural Hematoma MH - Hemicentrotus UI - D047330 MN - B1.500.408.578.400 MS - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Strongylocentrotidae with a hemicyclic apical disk and short spines. HN - 2005 MH - Hepatic Insufficiency UI - D048550 MN - C6.552.308 MS - Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. HN - 2005 MH - Hernia, Abdominal UI - D046449 MN - C6.405.293.249 MN - C23.300.707.374 MS - A protrusion of abdominal structures through the retaining ABDOMINAL WALL. It involves two parts: an opening in the abdominal wall, and a hernia sac consisting of PERITONEUM and abdominal contents. Abdominal hernias include groin hernia (HERNIA, FEMORAL; HERNIA, INGUINAL) and VENTRAL HERNIA. HN - 2005; use HERNIA, VENTRAL 1989-2004 MH - Hirudo medicinalis UI - D047709 MN - B1.500.91.426.400 MS - A species of European freshwater LEECHES used for BLOODLETTING in ancient times and also for LEECHING in modern times. HN - 2005; use LEECHES 2002-2004 MH - History, 15th Century UI - D049668 MN - K1.504.475.500 MS - Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 15th Century History MH - History, 16th Century UI - D049669 MN - K1.504.475.750 MS - Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 16th Century History MH - History, 17th Century UI - D049670 MN - K1.504.504.750 MS - Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 17th Century History MH - History, 18th Century UI - D049671 MN - K1.504.504.875 MS - Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 18th Century History MH - History, 19th Century UI - D049672 MN - K1.504.504.937 MS - Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 19th Century History MH - History, 20th Century UI - D049673 MN - K1.504.504.968 MS - Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 20th Century History MH - History, 21st Century UI - D049674 MN - K1.504.504.984 MS - Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - 21st Century History MH - History, Ancient UI - D049690 MN - K1.504.470 MS - The period of history before 500 of the common era. AN - before 500 AD; IM general only; NIM as check tag; note ANCIENT LANDS in Category Z HN - 2005 BX - Ancient History MH - History, Early Modern 1451-1600 UI - D049692 MN - K1.504.475 MS - The period of history from 1451 through 1600 of the common era. AN - not used for indexing HN - 2005 BX - Early Modern History MH - History, Medieval UI - D049691 MN - K1.504.472 MS - The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era. AN - IM general only; NIM as check tag HN - 2005 BX - Medieval History MH - History, Modern 1601- UI - D049711 MN - K1.504.504 MS - The period of history from 1601 of the common era to the present. AN - not used for indexing HN - 2005 BX - History, Modern BX - Modern History MH - Holothuria UI - D047332 MN - B1.500.408.560.400 MS - A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS in the family Holothuriidae possessing thick body walls, a warty body surface, and microscopic ossicles. HN - 2005 MH - Hyaenidae UI - D045968 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.410 MS - A family of large terrestrial carnivores possessing long legs, coarse guard hairs and a busy tail. It is comprised of hyenas and aardwolves. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Aardwolves BX - Hyenas BX - Proteles MH - Hydrolyzable Tannins UI - D047348 MN - D2.241.223.100.380.350.299 MN - D2.241.511.390.350.299 MN - D2.755.410.350.299 MN - D5.750.78.937.214 MS - Polymeric derivatives of GALLIC ACID that are esters of a sugar. HN - 2005 MH - Hymenolepis diminuta UI - D048190 MN - B1.500.500.736.215.454.400 MS - A species of tapeworm (TAPEWORMS) infecting RATS and MICE but rarely causing disease in humans. Its life cycle involves RODENTS as the definitive host and BEETLES as the intermediate host. AN - infection: coordinate (IM) with HYMENOLEPIASIS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Rat Tapeworm MH - Hymenolepis nana UI - D048189 MN - B1.500.500.736.215.454.410 MS - The smallest species of TAPEWORMS. It is the only cestode that parasitizes humans without requiring an intermediate host. AN - infection: coordinate (IM) with HYMENOLEPIASIS (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced UI - D046110 MN - C13.703.395 MN - C14.907.489.480 MS - A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions. AN - check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY HN - 2005 MH - Ice Cover UI - D046448 MN - G3.230.700.300.500 MS - A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land, RIVERS, lakes, ponds, or SEAWATER. HN - 2005 BX - Sea Ice Cover MH - Imidazolidines UI - D048289 MN - D3.383.374.432 MS - Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLINES which contain no double bonds in the ring. HN - 2005 MH - Imidazolines UI - D048288 MN - D3.383.374.436 MS - Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond. HN - 2005 MH - Immobility Response, Tonic UI - D046353 MN - F1.145.113.680 MN - F1.145.632.680 MN - G11.427.792.530.698.680 MS - An induced response to threatening stimuli characterized by complete loss of muscle strength. AN - do not confuse with IMMOBILIZATION: restraining body movement or FREEZING REACTION, CATALEPTIC: cessation of body movement while maintaining an immobile posture via muscle rigidity HN - 2005 BX - Hypnosis, Animal BX - Immobilization, Tonic BX - Tonic Immobilization FX - Cataplexy FX - Catatonia FX - Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic FX - Immobilization FX - Syncope MH - Immunoprecipitation UI - D047468 MN - E5.478.605 MS - The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution. HN - 2005; use PRECIPITIN TESTS 1989-2004 FX - Antigen-Antibody Complex MH - Incandescence UI - D049450 MN - H1.671.606.552.440 MN - H1.671.768.638.578.440 MS - Emission of LIGHT by a substance as its temperature is raised. It is sometimes called hot light in contrast to LUMINESCENCE, PHYSICAL. HN - 2005 MH - Informatics UI - D048088 MN - L1.313 MS - The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of data through the application of computers. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2005 MH - Insulin, Long-Acting UI - D049528 MN - D6.472.610.575.532 MN - D6.472.699.350.532 MN - D12.644.548.393.532 MS - Insulin formulation containing substance which delays or retards time period of the absorption of insulin. HN - 2005 MH - Inteins UI - D047668 MN - G6.184.603.60.440 MS - The internal fragments of precursor proteins (INternal proTEINS) that are autocatalytically removed by PROTEIN SPLICING. The flanking fragments (EXTEINS) are ligated forming mature proteins. The nucleic acid sequences coding for inteins are considered to be MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Inteins are composed of self-splicing domains and an endonuclease domain which plays a role in the spread of the intein's genomic sequence. Mini-inteins are composed of the self-splicing domains only. HN - 2005 BX - Introns, Protein BX - Protein Introns FX - Exteins FX - Protein Precursors FX - Protein Splicing MH - Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices UI - D048228 MN - E7.515 MS - Instruments that generate intermittent forces, uniformed or graduated, to facilitate the emptying of VEINS. These devices are used to reduce limb EDEMA and prevent venous THROMBOEMBOLISM, such as deep vein thrombosis in the legs. AN - do not confuse with CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION THERAPY HN - 2005 MH - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins UI - D047908 MN - D12.644.360 MN - D12.776.476 MS - Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors. AN - don't confuse with SIGNAL PEPTIDES entry term to PROTEIN SORTING SIGNALS; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS is also available HN - 2005 MH - Isavirus UI - D046829 MN - B4.820.545.450 MS - A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE containing one species: Infectious salmon anemia virus. AN - infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Infectious salmon anemia virus MH - Jackals UI - D046030 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.153.400 MS - Medium-sized terrestrial carnivores, in the genus Canis, family CANIDAE. Three species are recognized, two found only in Africa and one found in Africa, Europe, and Asia. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 MH - JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases UI - D048031 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.513 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.374 MN - D12.644.360.450.340 MN - D12.776.476.450.340 MS - A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. AN - note specifics HN - 2005 MH - Keratectomy, Laser UI - D048988 MN - E4.416.237 MS - Application of laser techniques (LASERS) to reduce or reshape the CORNEA to correct REFRACTIVE ERRORS of the EYE, such as MYOPIA and ASTIGMATISM. HN - 2005; for PHOTOKERATECTOMY use KERATECTOMY, PHOTOREFRACTIVE, EXCIMER LlASER 1996-2004 BX - Laser Keratectomy BX - Photokeratectomy MH - Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted UI - D049008 MN - E4.416.237.875 MS - A surgical technique to correct REFRACTIVE ERRORS of the EYE, such as MYOPIA and ASTIGMATISM. In this method, the flap of CORNEAL EPITHELIUM is lifted then replaced after laser ablation of the subepithelial CORNEA. The hinged flap is created by epithelial marking and exposure of the marking to dilute alcohol. HN - 2005 BX - Keratomileusis, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted BX - Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy MH - Ketolides UI - D048628 MN - D2.540.505.250.445 MN - D4.345.349.250.445 MN - D9.408.477.250.445 MS - Compounds based on ERYTHROMYCIN with the 3-cladinose replaced by a ketone. They bind the 23S part of 70S bacterial RIBOSOMES. HN - 2005 MH - Korean War UI - D047869 MN - K1.504.504.968.500 MS - An armed conflict between Communist and non-Communist forces in Korea from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953. The parties included United Nations forces from 15 member nations under United States command against military from North Korea and the Peoples Republic of China. HN - 2005 BX - Korean War, 1950-1953 MH - Labor Pain UI - D048949 MN - C10.597.617.515 MN - C23.888.592.612.490 MN - C23.888.646.492 MS - Pain associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR in CHILDBIRTH. It is caused primarily by UTERINE CONTRACTION as well as pressure on the CERVIX; BLADDER; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Labor pain mostly occurs in the ABDOMEN; the GROIN; and the BACK. HN - 2005 MH - Lactams, Macrocyclic UI - D047029 MN - D2.65.589.327 MN - D4.345.295 MS - LACTAMS forming compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-3 dozen atoms. HN - 2005; for ANSAMYCINS use LACTAMS, MACROCYCLIC 1974-2004 BX - Ansamycins BX - Macrocyclic Lactams MH - Lactobacillus delbrueckii UI - D048668 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.250 MS - A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. capable of producing LACTIC ACID. It is important in the manufacture of fermented dairy products. HN - 2005 MH - Lactobacillus plantarum UI - D048191 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.612 MS - A species of rod-shaped, LACTIC ACID bacteria used in PROBIOTICS and SILAGE production. HN - 2005 MH - Laron Syndrome UI - D046150 MN - C5.116.99.343.679 MN - C16.320.510 MN - C19.297.613 MS - An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, defective GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR, and failure to generate INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I by GROWTH HORMONE. Laron syndrome is not a form of primary pituitary dwarfism (GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY DWARFISM) but the result of mutation of the human GHR gene on chromosome 5. HN - 2005 BX - Growth Hormone Insensitivity Syndrome MH - Laser Scanning Cytometry UI - D047569 MN - E1.370.350.515.395.500 MN - E5.196.712.516.600.240.400.500 MN - E5.200.500.386.400.500 MN - E5.595.395.500 MS - A scanning microscope-based, cytofluorimetry technique for making fluorescence measurements and topographic analysis on individual cells. Lasers are used to excite fluorochromes in labeled cellular specimens. Fluorescence is detected in multiple discrete wavelengths and the locational data is processed to quantitatively assess APOPTOSIS; PLOIDES; cell proliferation; GENE EXPRESSION; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; and other cellular processes. HN - 2005 BX - Cytometry, Laser Scanning MH - Leukoaraiosis UI - D049292 MN - C23.550.522 MS - Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE. HN - 2005 MH - Leukocyte Reduction Procedures UI - D047589 MN - E2.110.527 MN - E5.200.500.363.540 MS - The removal of LEUKOCYTES from BLOOD to reduce BLOOD TRANSFUSION reactions and lower the chance of transmitting VIRUSES. This may be performed by FILTRATION or by CYTAPHERESIS. HN - 2005 MH - Libraries, Digital UI - D046609 MN - L1.346.596.413 MN - L1.700.508.300.742.470 MS - Libraries in which a major proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format, rather than on paper or MICROFORM. HN - 2005 MH - Lingual Goiter UI - D047268 MN - C19.874.283.802 MS - Enlargement of the LINGUAL THYROID, ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the TONGUE. It may cause upper AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; DYSPHAGIA; or HYPOTHYROIDISM symptoms HN - 2005 FX - Lingual Thyroid MH - Lingual Thyroid UI - D046151 MN - C19.874.591 MS - A condition characterized by the presence of rudimentary THYROID tissue found at the base of the TONGUE. It is due to failed embryonic development and migration of thyroid tissue to its normal location. The lingual thyroid usually cannot maintain adequate hormone production thereby resulting in HYPOTHYROIDISM. HN - 2005 FX - Lingual Goiter MH - Liver Abscess, Pyogenic UI - D046290 MN - C1.539.830.25.20.455.730 MN - C6.552.597.758 MS - Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. AN - coordinate IM with specific organism infection term (IM) HN - 2005 MH - Locusta migratoria UI - D048188 MN - B1.500.131.617.678.369.500 MS - A species of migratory Old World locusts, in the family ACRIDIDAE, that are important pests in Africa and Asia. HN - 2005 MH - Luciferases, Bacterial UI - D049453 MN - D12.776.97.529 MN - D12.776.532.510.249 MS - Luciferases from BACTERIA such as PHOTOBACTERIUM; VIBRIO; and PHOTORHABDUS. HN - 2005 MH - Luciferases, Firefly UI - D049409 MN - D12.776.532.510.500 MS - Luciferases from FIREFLIES, usually Photinus, that oxidize FIREFLY LUCIFERINS to cause emission of PHOTONS. HN - 2005 MH - Luciferases, Renilla UI - D049410 MN - D12.776.532.510.750 MS - Luciferases from RENILLA that oxidizes certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to cause emission of PHOTONS. HN - 2005 MH - Luminescence, Physical UI - D049449 MN - H1.671.606.552.665 MN - H1.671.768.638.578.665 MS - Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS. HN - 2005 MH - Luminescent Agents UI - D049408 MN - D27.720.470.410.505 MS - Compound such as LUMINESCENT PROTEINS that cause or emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). HN - 2005 FX - Chromogenic Compounds FX - Fluorescent Dyes MH - Luteolin UI - D047311 MN - D3.438.150.266.450.260.555 MS - 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES. HN - 2005 (1981) MH - Lynx UI - D046008 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.354.500 MS - A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Bobcats MH - Lytechnius UI - D047331 MN - B1.500.408.578.500 MS - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Toxopneustidae possessing trigeminate ambulacral plating. HN - 2005 MH - Macrocyclic Compounds UI - D047028 MN - D4.345 MS - Cyclic compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-4 dozen atoms. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specific group or specific compound HN - 2005 MH - Macromolecular Substances UI - D046911 MN - D5 MS - Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kD in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. AN - general only; do not use as a routine coordinate with specific macromolecular substances HN - 2005 MH - Macronucleus UI - D048648 MN - A11.284.430.106.550 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.117.550 MS - The larger of two types of nuclei in ciliate PROTOZOANS. It is the transcriptionally active nucleus of the vegetative cells as distinguished from the smaller transcriptionally inert GERMLINE MICRONUCLEUS. HN - 2005 MH - Mandrillus UI - D048528 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.130.120.530 MS - A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, comprising two species: the drill (M. leucophaeus) and the mandrill (M. sphinx). They are usually found in thick rainforest and have a gentle disposition despite their ferocious reputation. Some authors consider Mandrillus a subgenus of PAPIO. HN - 2005; use PAPIO 1992-2004; for DRILL and MANDRILL use PAPIO 1981-2004 BX - Drill BX - Mandrill MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 1 UI - D048369 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.100 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.100 MN - D12.644.360.440.100 MN - D12.776.476.440.100 MS - An abundant 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase subtype with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3. HN - 2005(1999) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 2 UI - D048370 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.200 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.200 MN - D12.644.360.440.200 MN - D12.776.476.440.200 MS - A 44 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3. HN - 2005(1993) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 3 UI - D048371 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.300 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.300 MN - D12.644.360.440.300 MN - D12.776.476.440.300 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for a subset of P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES that includes MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 12; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 13; and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 14. HN - 2005(1995) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 4 UI - D048670 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.400 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.400 MN - D12.644.360.440.400 MN - D12.776.476.440.400 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and the RXR RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to cellular stress. HN - 2005(1995) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 5 UI - D048671 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.500 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.500 MN - D12.644.360.440.500 MN - D12.776.476.440.500 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 7. HN - 2005(1995) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 6 UI - D048669 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.600 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.600 MN - D12.644.360.440.600 MN - D12.776.476.440.600 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. HN - 2005(1996) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase 7 UI - D048688 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.700 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.700 MN - D12.644.360.440.700 MN - D12.776.476.440.700 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to CYTOKINES. HN - 2005(1997) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 UI - D048728 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.100 MN - D12.644.360.400.100 MN - D12.776.476.400.100 MS - A 195-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with broad specificity for MAP KINASE KINASES. It is found localized in the CYTOSKELETON and can activate a variety of MAP kinase-dependent pathways. HN - 2005(1994) BX - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 MH - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 2 UI - D048730 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.200 MN - D12.644.360.400.200 MN - D12.776.476.400.200 MS - A 70-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 5. It is activated during the cellular response to GROWTH FACTORS, oxidative stress, and hyperosmotic conditions. HN - 2005(1999) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3 UI - D048748 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.300 MN - D12.644.360.400.300 MN - D12.776.476.400.300 MS - A 70-kDa MAPK kinase kinase with specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 5. HN - 2005(1999) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 UI - D048768 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.400 MN - D12.644.360.400.400 MN - D12.776.476.400.400 MS - A 180-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase with specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 4 and MAP KINASE KINASE 6. HN - 2005(1997) MH - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 UI - D048848 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.500 MN - D12.644.360.400.500 MN - D12.776.476.400.500 MS - A 150-kDa MAP kinase kinase kinase that may play a role in the induction of APOPTOSIS. It has specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 3; MAP KINASE KINASE 4; and MAP KINASE KINASE 6. HN - 2005(1996) MH - Marchantia UI - D047008 MN - B6.388.462.750 MS - A liverwort plant genus of the family Marchantiaceae, order Marchantiales, subclass MARCHANTIAE. Members contain brassinosteroids and DITERPENES. AN - coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2005 MH - Massive Hepatic Necrosis UI - D047508 MN - C6.552.308.500.750.500 MS - Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called "acute yellow atrophy". HN - 2005; use LIVER DISEASES 1997-2004 MH - Medicago truncatula UI - D046913 MN - B6.388.100.401.590.750 MS - A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time. AN - coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2005 MH - Medical Subject Headings UI - D046650 MN - L1.453.245.945.700.500 MS - Controlled vocabulary thesaurus produced by the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. It consists of sets of terms naming descriptors in a hierarchical structure that permits searching at various levels of specificity. HN - 2005 FX - MEDLINE MH - MedlinePlus UI - D049293 MN - L1.700.508.280.730 MS - NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions. AN - CATALOG: Use NAF entry HN - 2005 MH - Meiotic Prophase I UI - D049469 MN - G4.335.134.220.220.875.500 MN - G4.335.134.220.531.444 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.220.875.500 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.531.500 MN - G5.105.220.875.500 MN - G5.105.531.500 MN - G7.382.374.220.220.875.500 MN - G7.382.374.220.625.500 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.220.875.500 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.531.500 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.220.875.500 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.531.500 MS - The prophase of the first division of MEIOSIS (in which homologous CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION occurs). It is divided into five stages: leptonema, zygonema, PACHYNEMA, diplonema, and diakinesis. HN - 2005 BX - Leptotene Stage BX - Zygotene Stage MH - Melopsittacus UI - D046408 MN - B1.150.900.248.710.672.650.500 MS - A genus, commonly called budgerigars, in the family PSITTACIDAE. In the United States they are considered one of the five species of PARAKEETS. HN - 2005; use PARROTS 1995-2004 BX - Budgerigars MH - Microarray Analysis UI - D046228 MN - E5.196.630.570 MN - E5.588.570 MS - The simultaneous analysis, on a microchip, of multiple samples or targets arranged in an array format. AN - general; prefer specifics HN - 2005 MH - Microchip Analytical Procedures UI - D046208 MN - E5.196.630 MN - E5.588 MS - The preparation and analysis of samples on miniaturized devices. AN - DNA CHIPS see OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS and PROTEIN CHIPS see PROTEIN ARRAY ANALYSIS are also available HN - 2005 FX - Micromanipulation FX - Nanotechnology MH - Microcystis UI - D046931 MN - B3.280.500 MN - B3.440.475.100.500 MS - A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. Many species are planktonic and possess gas vacuoles. HN - 2005 MH - Microfluidic Analytical Techniques UI - D046210 MN - E5.196.630.465 MN - E5.588.465 MS - Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids. HN - 2005 BX - Microfluidic Analysis FX - Microfluidics MH - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective UI - D048629 MN - A11.284.430.106.570 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.117.570 MN - C23.550.210.570 MN - G13.920.590.175.570 MS - Defective nuclei produced during the TELOPHASE of MITOSIS or MEIOSIS by lagging CHROMOSOMES or chromosome fragments derived from spontaneous or experimentally induced chromosomal structural changes. HN - 2005 FX - Micronucleus Tests FX - Micronucleus, Germline MH - Micronucleus, Germline UI - D048631 MN - A11.284.430.106.575 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.117.575 MS - The smaller, reproductive, transcriptionally inert nucleus in the cells of ciliate PROTOZOANS, as distinguished from the larger, vegetative, transcriptionally active MACRONUCLEUS. Micronuclei participate in MEIOSIS and autogamy during GENETIC CONJUGATION. HN - 2005 BX - Micronuclei, Germline FX - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective MH - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission UI - D046529 MN - E1.370.350.515.402.580 MN - E5.595.402.580 MS - Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen. AN - note specifics HN - 2005; use MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON 1991-2004; for ELECTRON DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY use MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON 2003-2004 BX - Electron Diffraction Microscopy BX - Electron Microscopy, Transmission BX - Microscopy, Electron Diffraction BX - Transmission Electron Microscopy MH - Microscopy, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron UI - D046032 MN - E1.370.350.515.402.580.500 MN - E5.196.867.838.500 MN - E5.595.402.580.500 MS - An analytical transmission electron microscopy method using an electron microscope fitted with an energy filtering lens. The method is based on the principle that some of the ELECTRONS passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The amount of energy loss is dependent upon the element. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum (ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY) reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. It is used analytically and quantitatively to determine which, how much of, and where specific ELEMENTS are in a sample. For example, it is used for elemental mapping of PHOSPHORUS to trace the strands of a NUCLEIC ACID in nucleoprotein complexes. HN - 2005 BX - Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 UI - D048057 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.513.800 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.374.800 MN - D12.644.360.450.340.800 MN - D12.776.476.450.340.800 MS - A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is found predominantly within NEURONS of the BRAIN, suggesting a role in stress-induced neuronal APOPTOSIS. Several isoforms of the protein with molecular sizes of 47 kDa and 52 kDa exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. HN - 2005(1995) MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 UI - D048290 MN - D12.644.360.450.835.200 MS - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase that is expressed in a broad variety of cell types. It may play a role in regulating cell proliferation and TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 dependent transcription. HN - 2005(2000) MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12 UI - D048291 MN - D12.644.360.450.835.400 MS - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase found primarily in SKELETAL MUSCLE. HN - 2005(1996) MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13 UI - D048292 MN - D12.644.360.450.835.600 MS - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase found expressed at high levels in LUNG; KIDNEY; TESTIS; PANCREAS; and SMALL INTESTINE. It may play a role in regulating functions such as CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS of EPITHELIAL CELLS. HN - 2005(1997) MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 UI - D048308 MN - D12.644.360.450.835.800 MS - A 38-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase that is abundantly expressed in a broad variety of cell types. It is involved in the regulation of cellular stress responses as well as the control of proliferation and survival of many cell types. The kinase activity of the enzyme is inhibited by the pyridinyl-imidazole compound SB 203580. HN - 2005(1994) MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 UI - D048052 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.342.750 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.249.750 MN - D12.644.360.450.169.750 MN - D12.776.476.450.169.750 MS - A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN. HN - 2005(2000) BX - Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6 UI - D048053 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.342.875 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.249.875 MN - D12.644.360.450.169.875 MN - D12.776.476.450.169.875 MS - A 97-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 levels increase during cellular differentiation, while in proliferating cells the enzyme is degraded rapidly via the PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX. HN - 2005(1991) BX - Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 3 MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 UI - D048054 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.342.937 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.249.937 MN - D12.644.360.450.169.937 MN - D12.776.476.450.169.937 MS - A 110-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that is activated in response to cellular stress and by GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-mediated pathways. HN - 2005(1999) BX - Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 UI - D048055 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.513.500 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.374.500 MN - D12.644.360.450.340.500 MN - D12.776.476.450.340.500 MS - A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is activated by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several isoforms of the protein with molecular sizes of 43 and 48 KD exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. HN - 2005(2000) MH - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 UI - D048056 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.513.750 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.374.750 MN - D12.644.360.450.340.750 MN - D12.776.476.450.340.750 MS - A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is activated by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several isoforms of the protein with molecular sizes of 48 and 54 KD exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE MRNA SPLICING. HN - 2005(1994) MH - Mongolian Spot UI - D049328 MN - C4.557.665.560.615.530 MS - A bluish-gray to gray-brown benign, melanocytic nevus found usually in the LUMBOSACRAL REGION of dark-skinned people, especially those of East Asian ancestry. It is usually congenital or appears shortly after birth, and disappears in childhood. AN - coordinate IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant HN - 2005 FX - Nevus, Blue MH - Monodelphis UI - D048309 MN - B1.150.900.649.573.575.500 MS - A genus of short-tailed OPOSSUMS in the family Didelphidae found in South American, chiefly Brazil. They are opossums least well-adapted to arboreal life. HN - 2005; use OPOSSUMS 1995-2004 BX - Opossums, Short-Tailed MH - Morning Sickness UI - D048968 MN - C13.703.490 MN - C23.888.821.937.49 MS - Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM. AN - check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY HN - 2005 MH - Multiprotein Complexes UI - D046912 MN - D5.500 MS - Macromolecular complexes formed from the association of defined protein subunits. AN - general only; do not use as a routine coordinate with specific multiprotein complexes; MULTIENZYME COMPLEXES is also available HN - 2005; use MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES 1966-2004 MH - Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle UI - D049288 MN - C5.651.534.500.425 MN - C10.668.491.175.500.149 MN - C16.320.577.425 MS - A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles). HN - 2005; use MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES 2000-2004 MH - Mustelidae UI - D045969 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.550 MS - A family of terrestrial carnivores with long, slender bodies, long tails, and anal scent glands. They include badgers, weasels, martens, FERRETS; MINKS; wolverines, polecats, and OTTERS. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Badgers BX - Gulo BX - Martens BX - Martes BX - Martes zibellina BX - Sables BX - Weasels BX - Wolverines MH - Myofibroma UI - D047708 MN - C4.557.450.565.540 MN - C17.300.680.540 MS - A benign tumor that consists chiefly of fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE, with variable numbers of MUSCLE CELLS forming portions of the neoplasm (From Stedman's, 27th ed). AN - coordinate IM with organ/neoplasm term (IM) HN - 2005; use LEIOMYOMA 1994-2004 MH - Myopia, Degenerative UI - D047728 MN - C11.744.636.500 MS - Excessive axial myopia associated with complications (especially posterior staphyloma and CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION) that can lead to BLINDNESS. HN - 2005 BX - Myopia, Pathological BX - Myopia, Progressive MH - Myoxidae UI - D046330 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.640 MS - A family of nocturnal rodents, similar in appearance to SQUIRRELS, but smaller. There are 28 species, half of which are found in Africa. HN - 2005; use RODENTIA 1982-2004 BX - Dormice MH - Nanoarchaeota UI - D046588 MN - B7.600 MS - A phylum of hyperthermophilic ARCHAEA found in diverse environments. HN - 2005 MH - Nanostructures UI - D049329 MN - J1.637.512 MS - Nanometer-sized objects. HN - 2005 FX - Nanotechnology MH - Nesidioblastosis UI - D046768 MN - C6.689.351 MN - C16.320.565.202.742 MS - An inherited autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the disorganized formation of new islets in the PANCREAS and PERSISTENT HYPERINSULINEMIA HYPOGLYCEMIA OF INFANCY. It is due to focal hyperplasia of pancreatic ISLET CELLS budding off from the ductal structures and forming new islets of Langerhans. Mutations in the islet cells involve the potassium channel gene KCNJ11 or the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene ABCC8, both on CHROMOSOME 11. HN - 2005; use PANCREATIC DISEASES 1983-2004 BX - Hyperinsulinism, Familial, with Pancreatic Nesidioblastosis MH - Neuroepithelial Bodies UI - D046568 MN - A8.800.550.700.120.530.550 MN - A11.436.690.550 MS - Innervated clusters of NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS found in the LUNGS. They act as airway OXYGEN sensors, releasing regulatory PEPTIDES and SEROTONIN in response to HYPOXIA. HN - 2005 MH - Neuroepithelial Cells UI - D046569 MN - A8.800.550.700.120.530 MN - A8.800.550.700.500.600 MN - A11.436.690 MS - Cells of epithelial origin possessing specialized sensory functions. They include cells that are found in the TASTE BUDS; OLFACTORY MUCOSA; cochlear HAIR CELLS; and NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES. HN - 2005 FX - Olfactory Mucosa FX - Taste Buds MH - Nimaviridae UI - D046849 MN - B4.280.505 MS - A family of DNA invertebrate viruses with one genus: Whispovirus. HN - 2005 MH - Nodularia UI - D046932 MN - B3.280.550 MN - B3.440.475.100.550 MS - A form-genus of filamentous CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales. Its members can be planktonic or benthic and the trichomes are composed of disc-shaped vegetative cells. HN - 2005 MH - Nomograms UI - D049451 MN - E5.318.740.500.625 MN - G3.850.520.830.500.625 MN - H1.548.635.310.525 MN - H1.770.461.835.895 MN - L1.224.680.310.625 MN - N5.715.360.750.530.530 MS - Graphical representation of a statistical model containing scales for calculating the prognostic weight of a value for each individual variable. Nomograms are instruments that can be used to predict outcomes using specific clinical parameters. They use ALGORITHMS that incorporate several variables to calculate the predicted probability that a patient will achieve a particular clinical endpoint. HN - 2005 MH - Nostoc UI - D046937 MN - B3.280.575 MN - B3.440.475.100.575 MS - A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales. Trichomes composed of spherical or ovoid vegetative cells along with heterocysts and akinetes. The species form symbiotic associations with a wide range of eukaryotes. HN - 2005 MH - Nuchal Translucency Measurement UI - D048208 MN - E1.370.350.850.865.500 MN - E1.370.378.630.865.500 MS - A prenatal ultrasonic measurement of the thickness or translucent area below the SKIN in the back of the fetal NECK, or nape of the neck, during the first 11-14 weeks of gestation (PREGNANCY TRIMESTER, FIRST). Abnormal thickness or nuchal translucent measurements resulting from fluid collection, is associated with increased risks of CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES. (Nicolaides et al., 1992) HN - 2005 MH - Nursing Informatics UI - D048108 MN - L1.313.650 MS - The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of data through the application of computers applied to the field of nursing. HN - 2005 MH - Octodon UI - D046329 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.663 MS - A genus of diurnal rats in the family Octodonidae, found in South America. The species Octodon degus is frequently used for research. HN - 2005; use RODENTIA 1982-2004 MH - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases UI - D048051 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.878 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.750.843 MN - D12.644.360.450.835 MN - D12.776.476.450.835 MS - A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens. HN - 2005(1994) BX - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38 MH - Pachytene Stage UI - D049471 MN - G4.335.134.220.220.875.500.600 MN - G4.335.134.220.531.444.600 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.220.875.500.600 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.531.500.600 MN - G5.105.220.875.500.600 MN - G5.105.531.500.600 MN - G7.382.374.220.220.875.500.600 MN - G7.382.374.220.625.500.600 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.220.875.500.600 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.531.500.600 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.220.875.500.600 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.531.500.600 MS - The stage in the first meiotic prophase, following ZYGOTENE STAGE, when CROSSING OVER between homologous CHROMOSOMES begins. HN - 2005 FX - Crossing Over, Genetic MH - Palaeognathae UI - D046108 MN - B1.150.900.248.600 MS - A superorder of large, mostly flightless birds, named for their distinctive PALATE morphology. It includes the orders Apterygiformes, Casuriiformes, Dinornithiformes, RHEIFORMES; STRUTHIONIFORMES and Tinamiformes. HN - 2005 BX - Ratites MH - Pancreas, Exocrine UI - D046790 MN - A3.734.540 MN - A10.336.645 MS - The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM. HN - 2005; use PANCREAS 1998-2004 BX - Exocrine Pancreas MH - Panthera UI - D046009 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.354.600 MS - Genus in the family FELIDAE comprised of big felines including LIONS, TIGERS, jaguars, and the leopard. AN - do not confuse X ref LEOPARD with leopards in other genera HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Jaguars BX - Leopard MH - Papio anubis UI - D048530 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.130.120.610.50 MS - A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE with a somewhat different social structure than PAPIO HAMADRYAS. They inhabit several areas in Africa south of the Sahara. HN - 2005 BX - Olive Baboon MH - Papio cynocephalus UI - D048548 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.130.120.610.150 MS - A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE found in southern equatorial and east Africa. They are smaller than PAPIO ANUBIS and have a thinner mane. HN - 2005 BX - Yellow Baboon MH - Papio hamadryas UI - D048529 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.130.120.610.400 MS - A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE, which has a well-studied trilevel social structure consisting of troops, bands, and clans. HN - 2005; use PAPIO 1975-2004 BX - Hamadryas Baboon MH - Papio papio UI - D048531 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.130.120.610.600 MS - A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE, often used as an animal model for cognitive studies. HN - 2005 MH - Papio ursinus UI - D048549 MN - B1.150.900.649.801.400.130.120.610.800 MS - A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE found in southern Africa. They are dark colored and have a variable social structure. HN - 2005 BX - Chacma Baboon MH - Paracentrotus UI - D047328 MN - B1.500.408.578.600 MS - A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Echinidae found primarily on the western coasts of Ireland. HN - 2005 MH - Paragonimus westermani UI - D048492 MN - B1.500.500.736.715.800.610.900 MS - A species of lung fluke infecting humans and other animals, and found chiefly in Asia and the Far East. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PARAGONIMIASIS (IM); coordinate with specific helminth terms (for example, ANTIGENS, HELMINTH) if pertinent HN - 2005 MH - Paramecium aurelia UI - D048489 MN - B1.500.841.185.650.375.550.637.74 MS - A species of ciliated PROTOZOA possessing two micronuclei. It is one of the smallest PARAMECIUM. HN - 2005 MH - Paramecium caudatum UI - D048488 MN - B1.500.841.185.650.375.550.637.150 MS - The most widely distributed species of PARAMECIUM. It is elongated and possesses a bluntly pointed posterior. HN - 2005 MH - Passeriformes UI - D046109 MN - B1.150.900.248.620 MS - A widely distributed order of perching BIRDS, including more than half of all bird species. HN - 2005; use SONGBIRDS 1999-2004 MH - Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome UI - D046788 MN - C5.550.700 MS - A syndrome characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar PAIN resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. The pain is most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting with flexed knees. There is a lack of consensus on the etiology and treatment. The syndrome is often confused with (or accompanied by) CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE, the latter describing a pathological condition of the CARTILAGE and not a syndrome. HN - 2005 FX - Chondromalacia Patellae MH - Pattern Recognition, Physiological UI - D046709 MN - F2.463.593.524 MS - The analysis of a critical number of sensory stimuli or facts (the pattern) by physiological processes such as vision (PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL), touch, or hearing. HN - 2005 MH - Penicillin-Binding Proteins UI - D046915 MN - D8.811.710 MN - D12.776.97.545 MS - Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES. HN - 2005 (1978); FX - Hexosyltransferases FX - Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase FX - Peptidyl Transferases MH - Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent UI - D046908 MN - G6.535.770.333 MS - The enzymatic synthesis of PEPTIDES without an RNA template by processes that do not use the ribosomal apparatus (RIBOSOMES). AN - coordinate with specific peptide /biosyn if pertinent HN - 2005 BX - Peptide Biosynthesis, Extra-Ribosomal BX - Peptide Biosynthesis, Non-Ribosomal BX - Peptide Biosynthesis, Thiotemplate Mechanism MH - Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase UI - D046928 MN - D8.811.913.400.450.780 MS - A hexosyltransferase involved in the transfer of disaccharide molecules to the peptidoglycan structure of the CELL WALL SKELETON. It plays an important role in the genesis of the bacterial CELL WALL. HN - 2005; use PEPTIDOGLYCAN GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (NM) 1981-2004 MH - Perimenopause UI - D047648 MN - G8.520.960.249.500.562 MS - The transitional period before and after MENOPAUSE. Perimenopausal symptoms are associated with irregular MENSTRUAL CYCLE and widely fluctuated hormone levels. They may appear 6 years before menopause and subside 2 to 5 years after menopause. HN - 2005; use CLIMACTERIC 2002-2004, use PREMENOPAUSE 1995-2001 MH - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors UI - D047492 MN - D12.776.826.239 MN - D12.776.930.630 MS - TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that are activated by ligands and heterodimerize with RETINOID X RECEPTORS and bind to peroxisome proliferator response elements in the promoter regions of target genes. AN - note specifics HN - 2005(1992) FX - Peroxisome Proliferators MH - Petromyzon UI - D048428 MN - B1.150.900.493.559.600 MS - A genus of primitive fish in the family Petromyzontidae. The sole species is Petromyzon marinus, known as the sea lamprey. The adult form feeds parasitically on other fish species. HN - 2005 BX - Petromyzon marinus BX - Sea Lamprey MH - Petrosia UI - D047130 MN - B1.500.802.650 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Petrosiidae, characterized by an ectosomal triangular or polygonal reticulation of spicule tracts or single spicules. HN - 2005 MH - Phalangeridae UI - D048329 MN - B1.150.900.649.573.587 MS - A family of possums and cuscuses found in Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea and other islands. AN - possums unspecified go here; OPOSSUMS is also available HN - 2005 BX - Cuscuses BX - Phalanger MH - Phascolarctidae UI - D048368 MN - B1.150.900.649.573.590 MS - A family of marsupials in the order Diprotodontia, native to Australia and possessing vestigial tails. There is a single living genus and species: Phascolarctos cinereus, the koala. HN - 2005 BX - Koala BX - Phascolarctos cinereus MH - Phenylcarbamates UI - D048448 MN - D2.241.81.251.583 MS - Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea. HN - 2005 MH - Pheromones, Human UI - D049049 MN - D24.185.641.399 MS - Chemical substances excreted by humans that elicit behavior or physiological responses from other humans. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact. HN - 2005 MH - Phoca UI - D046049 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.600.700.600 MS - A genus in the family of EARLESS SEALS (Phocidae) and collectively the most abundant PINNEPEDS in the Northern Hemisphere. HN - 2005 BX - Seal, Harbor MH - Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein UI - D049488 MN - D12.644.360.562 MN - D12.776.157.661 MN - D12.776.476.562 MS - A ubiquitously found basic protein that binds to phosphatidylethanolamine and NUCLEOTIDES. It is an endogenous inhibitor of RAF KINASES and may play a role in regulating SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein is the precursor of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide, which is cleaved from the N-terminal region of the protein. HN - 2005(2000) MH - Phospholipid Transfer Proteins UI - D049294 MN - D12.776.157.674 MN - D12.776.543.693 MS - A ubiquitous family of proteins that transport PHOSPHOLIPIDS such as PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE between membranes. They play an important role in phospholipid metabolism during vesicular transport and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. HN - 2005(1978) BX - Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins MH - Photinia UI - D046936 MN - B6.388.100.842.500.522 MS - A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. The common names of chokeberry or chokecherry are also used for some species of PRUNUS. AN - X ref BLACK CHOKECHERRY TREE: CHOKECHERRY TREE see PRUNUS is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2005 MH - Phytoestrogens UI - D048789 MN - D27.505.696.399.472.277.540.500 MS - PLANT EXTRACTS and compounds, primarily ISOFLAVONES, that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. HN - 2005(1978) MH - Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion UI - D047748 MN - C10.228.140.617.738.250.725 MN - C19.700.355.800 MS - A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME. AN - do not confuse X ref CUSHING DISEASE with CUSHING SYNDROME HN - 2005; for INAPPROPRIATE ACTH SECRETION SYNDROME use HYPERPITUITARISM 2000-2004 BX - Cushing Disease BX - Inappropriate ACTH Secretion Syndrome BX - Inappropriate Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion FX - Cushing Syndrome MH - Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic UI - D049068 MN - C5.660.207.655 MN - C16.131.621.207.655 MS - A deformity of the SKULL that is not due to bone fusion (SYNOSTOSIS), such as CRANIOSYNOSTOSES, and is characterized by an asymmetric skull and face. It is observed with increased frequencies in INFANTS after the adoption of supine sleeping recommendations to prevent SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME. HN - 2005 MH - Plakortis UI - D047229 MN - B1.500.802.670 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Plakinidae, with the skeleton formed by small diactine (and some triactine) needle-like terminations. HN - 2005 MH - Plantibodies UI - D046549 MN - D24.611.125.820 MS - Recombinant antibodies produced in TRANSGENIC PLANTS. The plants serve as BIOREACTORS to produce the antibodies for medical use or industrial processes. HN - 2005 BX - Antibodies, Plant-Derived BX - Plant Antibodies, Recombinant FX - Plants, Genetically Modified MH - Plectonema UI - D046938 MN - B3.280.650 MN - B3.440.475.100.650 MS - A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Oscillatoriales. They are non-heterocystous but may carry out NITROGEN FIXATION under microaerobic conditions. Some smaller members have undergone transfer to the form-genus Leptolyngbya. HN - 2005 MH - Pneumonia of Calves, Enzootic UI - D048089 MN - C1.252.620.530 MN - C8.381.677.540.530 MN - C8.730.85.675 MN - C8.730.610.540.530 MN - C22.196.90.675 MS - Chronic endemic respiratory disease of dairy calves and an important component of bovine respiratory disease complex. It primarily affects calves up to six months of age and the etiology is multifactorial. Stress plus a primary viral infection is followed by a secondary bacterial infection. The latter is most commonly associated with PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA producing a purulent BRONCHOPNEUMONIA. Sometimes present are MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA; HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS and mycoplasma species. AN - infection: coordinate IM with PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA (IM), MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA (IM) or HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS (IM) only if particularly discussed; check the tag CATTLE HN - 2005 BX - Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves MH - Podospora UI - D048468 MN - B5.107.800.700 MS - A genus of ascomycete FUNGI in the order SORDARIALES, which is found on SOIL and herbivore dung (FECES). HN - 2005 MH - Polyanhydrides UI - D049388 MN - D2.113.650 MN - D5.750.725 MS - Anhydride polymers with a repeating structure of RC(=O)OC(=O)R. They readily hydrolyze in water making them useful for DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS. HN - 2005 MH - Polyketide Synthases UI - D048630 MN - D8.811.464.257.275 MN - D8.811.600.715 MS - Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides. HN - 2005(1989) MH - Porcupines UI - D046328 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.692 MS - Common name for large, quilled rodents (RODENTIA) comprised of two families: Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) and New World porcupines (Erethizontidae). HN - 2005; use RODENTIA 1982-2004; for COENDOU & HYSTRIX use RODENTIA 1982-2004 BX - Coendou BX - Hystrix MH - Porphyria, Variegate UI - D046350 MN - C6.552.830.625 MN - C16.320.565.735.625 MN - C16.320.850.742.625 MN - C17.800.827.742.625 MN - C17.800.849.617.400.625 MN - C18.452.648.735.625 MN - C18.452.872.617.400.625 MS - An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) in the LIVER, the seventh enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include both neurological symptoms and cutaneous lesions. Patients excrete increased levels of porphyrin precursors, COPROPORPHYRINS and protoporphyrinogen. HN - 2005; use PORPHYRIA, HEPATIC 1993-2004 MH - Positron-Emission Tomography UI - D049268 MN - E1.370.350.350.800.700 MN - E1.370.350.600.350.800.399 MN - E1.370.350.710.800.399 MN - E1.370.350.825.800.399 MN - E1.370.384.730.800.399 MN - H1.671.606.799.484.901.500 MS - An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and BRAIN. SPECT is closely related to PET, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower. HN - 2005; use TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED 1979-2004 BX - PET Scan BX - Tomography, Positron-Emission MH - Postpartum Period UI - D049590 MN - G8.520.734 MS - In females, the period after giving birth (PARTURITION). AN - human & animal; qualif permitted as for PREGNANCY; check the tag FEMALE: Manual 18.4.3; puerperal psychoses = PUERPERAL DISORDERS (IM) + PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (IM); "postpartum amenorrhea" is indexed under PUERPERIUM (IM) + AMENORRHEA (IM) & not LACTATION unless lactation is particularly discussed HN - 2005 BX - Puerperium MH - Potoroidae UI - D048328 MN - B1.150.900.649.573.600 MS - A family of rat kangaroos found in and around Australia. Genera include Potorous and Bettongia. AN - do not confuse rat kangaroo with KANGAROO RATS see DIPODOMYS HN - 2005; use MACROPODIDAE 2001-2004 BX - Bettongia BX - Long-Nosed Potoroo BX - Long-Nosed Rat Kangaroo BX - Rat Kangaroo MH - PPAR alpha UI - D047493 MN - D12.776.826.239.500 MN - D12.776.930.630.500 MS - A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR GAMMA is important to metabolism of LIPIDS. It is the target of FIBRATES to control HYPERLIPIDEMIA. HN - 2005(1992) BX - PPARalpha MH - PPAR delta UI - D047494 MN - D12.776.826.239.555 MN - D12.776.930.630.555 MS - A nuclear transcription factor. It is activated by PROSTACYCLIN. HN - 2005(1992) BX - PPARdelta MH - PPAR gamma UI - D047495 MN - D12.776.826.239.588 MN - D12.776.930.630.588 MS - A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR ALPHA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH. It is a target of THIAZOLIDINEDIONES for control of DIABETES. HN - 2005(1992) BX - PPARgamma MH - PPAR-beta UI - D048068 MN - D12.776.826.239.530 MN - D12.776.930.630.530 MS - One of the PPAR nuclear transcription factors. HN - 2005(1992) MH - Preconception Injuries UI - D047489 MN - C21.111.549 MN - C21.676 MS - Damages to reproductive health prior to conception (FERTILIZATION), a legal term for torts liability concerning environmental safety issues. Preconception injuries may involve either the male or the female, such as chromosomal mutations in the OVA or the SPERMATOZOA. AN - not limited to traumatic injuries HN - 2005; use PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS 1992-2004 MH - Pregnancy, Unplanned UI - D049168 MN - G8.520.769.570 MS - Unintended accidental pregnancy, including pregnancy resulting from failed contraceptive measures. AN - PREGNANCY, UNWANTED is also available HN - 2005; use PREGNANCY 1980-2004 FX - Pregnancy, Unwanted MH - Premature Birth UI - D047928 MN - C13.703.420.491.500 MS - CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). AN - check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; LABOR, PREMATURE is also available HN - 2005; use LABOR, PREMATURE 1995-2004 FX - Infant, Premature MH - Prenatal Injuries UI - D049188 MN - C13.703.824 MS - Damages to the EMBRYO or the FETUS before BIRTH. Damages can be caused by any factors including biological, chemical, or physical. AN - for any damage to the EMBRYO or FETUS; not limited to traumatic injuries HN - 2005; use PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS 1991-2004 MH - Prochlorococcus UI - D048929 MN - B3.440.475.100.655.600 MS - A genus of marine planktonic CYANOBACTERIA in the order PROCHLOROPHYTES. They lack PHYCOBILISOMES and contain divinyl CHLOROPHYLL, a and b. HN - 2005 MH - Prochlorophytes UI - D048928 MN - B3.440.475.100.655 MS - An order of GRAM-NEGATIVE OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA containing CHLOROPHYLL, a and b, but lacking PHYCOBILISOMES (light-harvesting antennae). There are three genera: PROCHLORON; PROCHLOROCOCCUS; and PROCHLOROTHRIX. This order was thought to be the missing link between CYANOBACTERIA and plant CHLOROPLASTS, hence the name. HN - 2005 MH - Procyonidae UI - D045988 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.650 MS - A family of long-tailed terrestrial omnivores including RACCOONS, lesser panda, ringtails, and coatimundis. AN - note X ref PANDAS, LESSER: PANDAS, GIANT and PANDAS, GREATER see URSIDAE is also available HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998; for PANDAS, LESSER use CARNIVORA 1997-2004 BX - Ailurus BX - Pandas, Lesser MH - Prometaphase UI - D049468 MN - G4.335.134.220.220.812 MN - G4.335.233.750.500.220.812 MN - G5.105.220.812 MN - G7.382.374.220.220.812 MN - G7.382.843.750.500.220.812 MN - G7.574.249.410.750.500.220.812 MS - The phase of cell nucleus division following PROPHASE, when the breakdown of the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE occurs and the MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS enters the nuclear region and attaches to the KINETOCHORES. HN - 2005 MH - Protease La UI - D049070 MN - D8.811.277.656.149.500 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.733 MS - A prokaryotic ATP-dependent protease that plays a role in the degradation of many abnormal proteins. It is a tetramer of 87-kDa subunits, each of which contains a proteolytic site and a ATP-binding site. HN - 2005(1981) BX - Lon Protease MH - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex UI - D046988 MN - D5.500.562.500 MN - D8.811.277.656.918 MN - D8.811.600.730 MS - A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme. HN - 2005; use PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX (NM) 1986-2004 FX - Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes MH - Protein Kinase Inhibitors UI - D047428 MN - D27.505.519.389.427 MS - Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES. HN - 2005 MH - 14-3-3 Proteins UI - D048948 MN - D12.644.360.24.249 MN - D12.776.476.24.249 MS - A large family of signal-transducing adaptor proteins present in wide variety of eukaryotes. They are PHOSPHOSERINE and PHOSPHOTHREONINE binding proteins involved in important cellular processes including SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; CELL-CYCLE control; APOPTOSIS; and cellular stress responses. 14-3-3 proteins function by interacting with other signal-transducing proteins and effecting changes in their enzymatic activity and subcellular localization. The name 14-3-3 derives from numerical designations used in the original fractionation patterns of the proteins. HN - 2005(1981) MH - Protein Modification, Translational UI - D046188 MN - G5.315.670 MN - G6.535.770.871.790 MS - Any of the enzymatically catalyzed modifications of the individual AMINO ACIDS of PROTEINS, and enzymatic cleavage or crosslinking of peptide chains that occur pre-translationally (on the amino acid component of AMINO ACYL TRNA), co-translationally (during the process of GENETIC TRANSLATION), or after translation is completed (POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN PROCESSING). AN - coord IM with specific protein /metab (IM) and with specific modification, for example, ACYLATION, AMINATION, DEAMINATION, PROTEIN ISOPRENYLATION, etc.; do not confuse with PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL HN - 2005 BX - Amino Acid Modification, Co-Translational BX - Protein Modification, Co-Translational BX - Protein Processing, Co-Translational BX - Protein Processing, Translational MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins A-raf UI - D048491 MN - D12.776.476.400.842.374 MS - A raf kinase subclass expressed primarily in non-neuronal tissues such as SKELETAL MUSCLE. The A-raf kinases are MAP kinase kinase kinases that have specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 1. HN - 2005(2001) MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf UI - D048493 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.374 MN - D12.644.360.400.842.374 MN - D12.776.476.400.842.437 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.183.200 MS - A raf kinase subclass found at high levels in neuronal tissue. The B-raf Kinases are MAP kinase kinase kinases that have specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 1 and MAP KINASE KINASE 2. HN - 2005(2001) MH - Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic UI - D046351 MN - C6.552.830.812 MN - C16.320.565.735.812 MN - C16.320.850.742.812 MN - C17.800.827.742.812 MN - C17.800.849.617.400.812 MN - C18.452.648.735.812 MN - C18.452.872.617.400.812 MS - An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces. AN - do not confuse with PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC HN - 2005; use PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROHEPATIC 1993-2004 BX - Erythropoietic Protoporphyria MH - Psittacula UI - D046409 MN - B1.150.900.248.710.672.650.650 MS - A genus in the family PSITTACIDAE containing three species of PARAKEETS: the Derbyan, the Alexandrine, and the rose-ringed. HN - 2005 MH - Pubic Symphysis Diastasis UI - D046548 MN - C13.703.844.728 MN - C21.866.289.650 MS - Separation of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS. It is an uncommon complication of CHILDBIRTH causing postpartum PAIN, but it can also arise from other causes. HN - 2005 BX - Symphysis Pubis Diastasis MH - Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma UI - D047868 MN - C4.588.894.797.520.933 MN - C8.381.540.867 MN - C8.785.520.867 MS - A benign neoplasm of alveolar pneumocytes or ontogenetically primitive counterparts thereof. Morphological patterns that have been described include: solid, hemorrhagic, papillary, and sclerotic. Most lesions display a combination of two or three morphological patterns. Despite the implication by its name (HEMANGIOMA) of a vascular neoplasm, pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma is considered by most authorities to be an epithelial tumor. (Histopathology 2003;43(3):239-43; Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125(10): 1335-9) HN - 2005 FX - Hemangioma MH - Puma UI - D046011 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.354.630 MS - A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Cougars BX - Florida Panther BX - Mountain Lion BX - Puma concolor MH - Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic UI - D046248 MN - C6.405.748.340.690.500 MS - Narrowing of the pyloric canal due to HYPERTROPHY of the surrounding circular muscle. It is usually seen in infants or young children. HN - 2005 MH - Pyrazolones UI - D047069 MN - D3.383.694.850 MS - Compounds with a five-membered heterocyclic ring with two NITROGENS and a keto OXYGEN. Some are inhibitors of TNF-ALPHA production. HN - 2005 MH - Pyrroloiminoquinones UI - D047608 MN - D2.806.400.500 MN - D3.438.473.412.500 MN - D3.438.810.553 MS - Derivatives of QUINOLINES with fused PYRROLES and a keto group or INDOLEQUINONES with fused PIPERIDINES. HN - 2005 MH - Raccoon Dogs UI - D046031 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.153.700 MS - The lone species in the genus Nyctereutes, family CANIDAE. It is found in the woodland zone from southeastern Siberia to Vietnam and on the main islands of Japan. AN - do not confuse with RACCOONS HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1990-2004; for NYCTEREUTES use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Nyctereutes MH - raf Kinases UI - D048490 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842 MN - D12.644.360.400.842 MN - D12.776.476.400.842 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.183 MS - A family of closely-related serine-threonine kinases that were originally identified as the cellular homologs of the retrovirus-derived V-RAF KINASES. They are MAP kinase kinase kinases that play important roles in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. HN - 2005 BX - mil-raf Protein Kinases BX - MIL-RAF Proteins BX - raf MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases MH - Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid UI - D049368 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.420.249 MS - A subfamily of lysophospholipid receptors with specificity for LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS. HN - 2005(1992) BX - Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor BX - Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors MH - Receptors, Lysophospholipid UI - D049312 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.420 MS - A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that bind to specific LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS such as lysophosphatidic acid and lysosphinglipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate. They play an important role in the formation and function of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. HN - 2005(1996) BX - Lysophospholipid Receptors MH - Receptors, Lysosphingolipid UI - D049349 MN - D12.776.543.750.100.420.500 MS - A subfamily of lysophospholipid receptors with specificity for LYSOSPHINGOLIPIDS such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine phosphorylcholine. HN - 2005(1996) BX - Lysosphingolipid Receptors MH - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I UI - D047888 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.597 MN - D24.185.101.100.110.912 MN - D24.611.216.301.264.35.908 MN - D24.611.216.301.264.965 MS - A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that is constitutively expressed in most tissues. It is the key mediator of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the vast majority of cells. The activated receptor signals by associating with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2005(1994) BX - Antigens, CD120a BX - CD120a Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1A BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type I MH - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II UI - D047889 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.798 MN - D24.185.101.100.110.916 MN - D24.611.216.301.264.35.912 MS - A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that is expressed primarily in IMMUNE SYSTEM cells. It has specificity for membrane-bound form of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS and mediates intracellular-signaling through TNF RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTORS. HN - 2005(1994) BX - Antigens, CD120b BX - CD120b Antigens BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1B BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type II MH - Renilla UI - D048790 MN - B1.500.308.237.700 MS - A genus of bioluminescent marine invertebrates in the family Renillidae, order Pennatulacea, class ANTHOZOA. It contains RENILLA LUCIFERASE which oxidizes coelenterazine resulting in LUMINESCENCE. HN - 2005 BX - Sea Pansy MH - Reproductive Rights UI - D046269 MN - I1.880.604.473.675 MN - N3.706.437.675 MS - Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence. HN - 2005 MH - Retinoid X Receptor alpha UI - D047490 MN - D12.776.826.701.500.500 MN - D12.776.930.675.500.500 MS - A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with PPAR-GAMMA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH. HN - 2005 MH - Retinoid X Receptor beta UI - D049230 MN - D12.776.826.701.500.625 MN - D12.776.930.675.500.625 HN - 2005 MH - Retinoid X Receptor gamma UI - D047491 MN - D12.776.826.701.500.750 MN - D12.776.930.675.500.750 MS - A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with PPAR ALPHA is important to metabolism of LIPIDS. HN - 2005 MH - Retinoid X Receptors UI - D047488 MN - D12.776.826.701.500 MN - D12.776.930.675.500 MS - A subtype of RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS that are specific for 9-cis-retinoic acid which function as nuclear TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that regulate multiple signalling pathways. HN - 2005 BX - Retinoid X Receptor MH - Reverse Transcription UI - D048348 MN - G5.310.700.500 MS - The biosynthesis of DNA carried out on a template of RNA. HN - 2005; use TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC 1988-2004 FX - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction FX - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase MH - Rhipicephalus UI - D048494 MN - B1.500.131.166.132.832.400.712 MS - A genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, widespread in Africa. Members of the genus include many important vectors of animal and human pathogens. HN - 2005 MH - Rhipicephalus sanguineus UI - D048508 MN - B1.500.131.166.132.832.400.712.700 MS - A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER. HN - 2005 BX - Brown Dog Tick MH - RNA, Algal UI - D048030 MN - D13.444.735.130 MS - Ribonucleic acid in ALGAE having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. HN - 2005 BX - Algal RNA MH - Roniviridae UI - D046828 MN - B4.820.504.770 MS - A family of rod-shaped viruses, in the order NIDOVIRALES. It includes one genus: Okavirus. AN - infection: coord IM with RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Gill-associated virus BX - Okavirus BX - Yellow-head virus MH - Rupicapra UI - D048608 MN - B1.150.900.649.77.380.513.500 MS - A genus of ruminants in the family Bovidae. The common name chamois usually refers to the species Rupicapra rupicapra. Rupicapra pyrenaica, found in the Pyrenees, is more properly referred to as the Pyrenean chamois. HN - 2005 BX - Chamois BX - Chamois, Pyrenean MH - Russian-Japanese War UI - D047848 MN - K1.504.504.968.100 MS - Conflict from 1904 through 1905 between Russia and Japan regarding Manchuria and Korea. HN - 2005 MH - Saposins UI - D049231 MN - D8.211.790.500 MS - A group of four homologous sphingolipid activator proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of a common protein precursor molecule referred to as prosaposin. HN - 2005(1977) MH - Sarcoglycans UI - D049031 MN - D12.776.210.500.410.750 MN - D12.776.543.268.750 MN - D12.776.543.550.712 MS - A family of transmembrane dystrophin-associated proteins that plays a role in the membrane association of the DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN COMPLEX. Mutations abolishing the expression of sarcoglycans result in LIMB-GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. HN - 2005(1993) BX - beta-Sarcoglycan FX - Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle MH - Sea Lions UI - D046070 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.600.670 MS - A group comprised of several species of aquatic carnivores in different genera, in the family Otariidae. In comparison to FUR SEALS, they have shorter, less dense hair. HN - 2005; use SEALS, EARLESS 1980-2004, use PINNIPEDIA 1968-1979 BX - California Sea Lion BX - Sea Lion, California BX - Zalophus MH - Seals, Earless UI - D046048 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.600.700 MS - The family Phocidae, suborder PINNIPEDIA, order CARNIVORA, comprising the true seals. They lack external ears and are unable to use their hind flippers to walk. It includes over 18 species including the harp seal, probably the best known seal species in the world. AN - seals unspecified goes here; FUR SEALS is also available HN - 2005 BX - Halichoerus grypus BX - Mirounga BX - Pagophilus groenlandicus BX - Seal, Elephant BX - Seal, Harp BX - Seals, True MH - Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids UI - D046948 MN - D3.132.436.681 MN - D3.438.473.402.681 MS - Compounds formed by condensation of secologanin with tryptamine resulting in a tetrahydro-beta-carboline which is processed further to a number of bioactive compounds. These are especially found in plants of the APOCYNACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE families. HN - 2005; for YOHIMBANS use YOHIMBANS 1969-2004; for RAUWOLFIA ALKALOIDS use RAUWOLFIA ALKALOIDS 1975-2004 MH - September 11 Terrorist Attacks UI - D047851 MN - I1.198.240.856.800.550 MN - K1.504.504.984.500 MS - Terrorism on September 11, 2001 against targets in New York, the Pentagon in Virginia, and an aborted attack that ended in Pennsylvania. HN - 2005 MH - Sericins UI - D047030 MN - D12.776.878.750 MS - A serine-rich sticky protein secreted by MOTHS. Generally, the term refers to silkworm silk gum protein secreted in the middle section of silk gland cells of SILKWORMS, Bombyx mori. Sericin acts as a cement and coating for the two fibroin filaments in a silk strand and is readily soluble in mild alkaline solution. HN - 2005 (1974) MH - Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase UI - D046929 MN - D8.811.277.656.350.245.252 MS - A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-terminal. Enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial CELL WALL biosynthesis. HN - 2005(1993); for D-ALANYL-D-ALANINE-CLEAVING TRANSPEPTIDASE use MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE 1984-2004; for D-D CARBOXYPEPTIDASE use MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE 1974-2004 BX - D-D Carboxypeptidase MH - Seroma UI - D049291 MN - C23.550.470.640 MS - Tumor-like sterile accumulation of serum in a tissue, organ, or cavity. It results from a tissue insult and is the product of tissue inflammation. It most commonly occurs following MASTECTOMY. AN - non neoplastic HN - 2005 FX - Exudates and Transudates MH - Sexual Development UI - D046468 MN - G8.520.960 MS - The processes of anatomical and physiological changes related to sexual or reproductive functions during the life span of a human or an animal, from FERTILIZATION to DEATH. These processes include SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SEXUAL MATURATION; and changes during AGING. AN - human and animal HN - 2005 MH - Siadenovirus UI - D046809 MN - B4.280.30.750 MN - B4.909.204.97.750 MS - A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE comprising species including viruses of FROGS and TURKEYS. The type species is Frog adenovirus. AN - infection: coord IM with ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2005 BX - Marble spleen disease virus BX - Turkey adenovirus A MH - Silk UI - D047011 MN - D5.750.78.875 MN - D12.776.878 MS - A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of FIBROINS. It is synthesized by a variety of INSECTS and ARACHNIDS. HN - 2005; use SILK (NM) 1980 -2004 FX - Bombyx FX - Sutures FX - Textiles MH - Spalax UI - D046308 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.600.700 MN - B1.150.900.649.865.635.700 MS - A genus of blind, subterranean MOLE RATS, in the subfamily Spalacidae, family MURIDAE, used as a animal model in neurophysiology. There are at least five different species described, all found in the Ukraine. HN - 2005; use MOLE RATS 1998-2004 MH - Spanish-American War, 1898 UI - D047832 MN - K1.504.504.937.750 MS - Conflict between Spain and the United States, arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba. HN - 2005 MH - Sparrows UI - D046370 MN - B1.150.900.248.620.750.700 MS - The family Passeridae comprised of small, mainly brown and grey seed-eating birds with conical bills. HN - 2005; use SONGBIRDS 1999-2004 BX - Passeridae MH - Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss UI - D046590 MN - E5.196.867.838 MS - A technique for analysis of the chemical composition of molecules. A substance is bombarded with monochromatic ELECTRONS. Some of the electrons passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The energy loss is element dependent. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. ENERGY-FILTERED TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY is a type of electron energy loss spectroscopy carried out in electron microscopes specially outfitted to analyze the spectrum of electron energy loss. HN - 2005 BX - Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy MH - Speech Recognition Software UI - D049250 MN - L1.224.900.889 MS - Software capable of recognizing dictation and transcribing the spoken words into written text. HN - 2005 BX - Voice Recognition Software FX - Communication Aids for Disabled FX - User-Computer Interface MH - Spheniscidae UI - D046429 MN - B1.150.900.248.860 MS - The sole family in the order Sphenisciformes, comprised of 17 species of penguins in six genera. They are flightless seabirds of the Southern Hemisphere, highly adapted for marine life. HN - 2005 BX - Penguins BX - Sphenisciformes MH - Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction UI - D046628 MN - C6.130.120.250.98.800 MS - Organic or functional motility disorder involving the SPHINCTER OF ODDI and associated with biliary COLIC. Pathological changes are most often seen in the COMMON BILE DUCT sphincter, and less commonly the PANCREATIC DUCT sphincter. HN - 2005 BX - Sphincter of Oddi Dyskinesia MH - Sphingolipid Activator Proteins UI - D049128 MN - D8.211.790 MS - A family of glycoprotein cofactors that are required for the efficient catabolization of SPHINGOLIPIDS by specific acid hydrolases such as GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE; GALACTOCEREBROSIDASE; BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE; and CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE. HN - 2005(1977) BX - G(M1) Activator Protein MH - Squalus UI - D048250 MN - B1.150.900.493.370.853.392.800 MS - A genus of SHARKS in the family SQUALIDAE, comprised of many different species. They travel in large groups and are bottom dwellers that feed mostly on bony fishes. HN - 2005; use DOGFISH 1994-2004 MH - Squalus acanthias UI - D048251 MN - B1.150.900.493.370.853.392.800.500 MS - A species of shark in the family SQUALIDAE, used for its oil (SQUALENE) and as fish meal. It also figures heavily in biological research, especially with reference to its RECTAL GLAND in studies of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. HN - 2005 BX - Dogfish, Spiny MH - Starlings UI - D046749 MN - B1.150.900.248.620.750.712 MS - The family Sturnidae, in the order PASSERIFORMES. The starling family also includes mynahs and oxpeckers. HN - 2005 BX - Mynahs BX - Sturnidae MH - Stichopus UI - D047528 MN - B1.500.408.560.700 MS - A genus of very large, epibenthic SEA CUCUMBERS in the family Stichopodidae, commercially harvested in Southeast Asia for food. HN - 2005 MH - Streptococcus thermophilus UI - D048249 MN - B3.510.400.800.872.800 MS - A species of thermophilic, gram-positive bacteria found in MILK and milk products. HN - 2005 MH - Streptomyces coelicolor UI - D048372 MN - B3.300.390.400.810.768.200 MN - B3.510.24.49.775.775.200 MN - B3.510.415.400.810.768.200 MN - B3.510.460.410.810.768.200 MS - A soil-dwelling actinomycete with a complex lifecycle involving mycelial growth and spore formation. It is involved in the production of a number of medically important ANTIBIOTICS. HN - 2005 MH - Streptomyces lividans UI - D048170 MN - B3.300.390.400.810.768.500 MN - B3.510.24.49.775.775.500 MN - B3.510.415.400.810.768.500 MN - B3.510.460.410.810.768.500 MS - An actinomycete used for production of commercial ANTIBIOTICS and as a host for gene cloning. HN - 2005 MH - Stroboscopy UI - D049489 MN - E1.370.350.755 MS - The observation of successive phases of MOVEMENT by use of a flashing light. HN - 2005 MH - Strongylocentrotus UI - D047269 MN - B1.500.408.578.800 MS - A genus of SEA URCHIN in the family Strongylocentrotidae. They possess more than three pore pairs per ambulacral plate. The species STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS is commonly used for research. HN - 2005 MH - Strongylocentrotus purpuratus UI - D047270 MN - B1.500.408.578.800.600 MS - A species of SEA URCHIN in the family Strongylocentrotidae found on the Pacific coastline from Alaska to Mexico. This species serves as a major research model for molecular developmental biology and other fields. HN - 2005 MH - Suberites UI - D047233 MN - B1.500.802.775 MS - A genus of velvety smooth SPONGES in the family Suberitidae, characterized by the ectosomal and choanosomal skeletons dominated by tylostyles (pin-like spicules with a pinched bulbous end). HN - 2005 MH - Sulfolobus solfataricus UI - D048229 MN - B7.75.725.725.725.800 MS - A species of thermoacidophilic ARCHAEA in the family Sulfolobaceae, found in volcanic areas where the temperature is about 80 degrees C and SULFUR is present. HN - 2005 MH - Swallows UI - D046388 MN - B1.150.900.248.620.750.725 MS - The family Hirundinidae, comprised of small BIRDS that hunt flying INSECTS while in sustained flight. HN - 2005; use SONGBIRDS 1999-2004 BX - Hirundinidae MH - Synechococcus UI - D046940 MN - B3.280.745 MN - B3.440.475.100.745 MS - A form-genus of spherical to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. They contain THYLAKOIDS and are found in a wide range of habitats. HN - 2005 MH - Synechocystis UI - D046939 MN - B3.280.750 MN - B3.440.475.100.750 MS - A form-genus of unicellular CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. None of the strains fix NITROGEN, there are no gas vacuoles, and sheath layers are never produced. HN - 2005 MH - Synkinesis UI - D046608 MN - C10.597.350.675 MN - C23.888.592.350.675 MS - An involuntary movement accompanying a volitional movement. It often refers to facial movements that accompany FACIAL PARALYSIS. HN - 2005 MH - Systems Biology UI - D049490 MN - G1.273.180.800 MN - H1.158.273.180.800 MS - Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of biological processes. Large scale, computerized collection and analysis of the data are used to develop and test models of biological systems. HN - 2005 FX - Systems Theory MH - Tay-Sachs Disease, AB Variant UI - D049290 MN - C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.300.300.750 MN - C16.320.565.150.435.825.300.300.920 MN - C16.320.565.556.641.803.350.300.925 MN - C16.320.565.580.554.825.300.300.920 MN - C16.320.565.580.803.350.300.925 MN - C18.452.100.100.435.825.300.300.920 MN - C18.452.648.151.435.825.300.300.920 MN - C18.452.648.151.825.300.300.925 MN - C18.452.648.556.641.803.350.300.925 MN - C18.452.648.595.554.825.300.300.920 MN - C18.452.648.595.803.350.300.925 MS - A form of GM2 gangliosidosis resulting from a lack of G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN function, usually due to genetic mutations. The AB variant designation refers to the elevated levels of HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B proteins that occur in tissues that lack of G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN. HN - 2005(2000); use GANGLIOSIDOSES GM2 2000-2004 BX - Gangliosidosis GM2, AB Variant BX - Gangliosidosis GM2, Type AB BX - GM2 Protein Activator Deficiency Disease FX - G(M2) Activator Protein MH - Term Birth UI - D047929 MN - G8.520.769.490.500 MS - CHILDBIRTH at the end of a normal duration of PREGNANCY, between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation or about 280 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. HN - 2005 FX - Gestational Age MH - Theonella UI - D047232 MN - B1.500.802.785 MS - A genus of shallow-cupped SPONGES with a broad base in the family Theonellidae. They are characterized by ectosomal spicules dominated by phyllotriaenes. HN - 2005 MH - Thermoanaerobacter UI - D046968 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.790 MS - A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in the family Thermoanaerobacteriaceae. Cultures consist of rods interspersed with coccoid cells. AN - do not confuse with THERMOANAEROBACTERIUM HN - 2005 MH - Thermoanaerobacterium UI - D046950 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.800 MS - A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria in the family Thermoanaerobacteriaceae. They are thermophilic and saccharolytic. AN - do not confuse with THERMOANEROBACTER HN - 2005 MH - Thermotoga neapolitana UI - D046949 MN - B3.440.425.410.760 MS - A species of extremophilic bacteria in the family Thermotogaceae. Generally anaerobic but in the presence of OXYGEN, it can produce hydrogen gas as a byproduct of metabolism. HN - 2005 MH - Thymus Plant UI - D046930 MN - B6.388.100.575.974 MS - A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods. AN - coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29 HN - 2005 MH - Tigers UI - D046010 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.354.600.800 MS - The species Panthera tigris, a large feline inhabiting Asia. Several subspecies exist including the Siberian tiger and Sumatran tiger. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004 BX - Panthera tigris MH - Tissue Array Analysis UI - D046888 MN - E5.196.630.570.850 MN - E5.588.570.850 MS - The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips. HN - 2005 MH - Tissue Culture Techniques UI - D046509 MN - E5.200.249.617 MS - A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture. HN - 2005; use TISSUE CULTURE 1966-2004 MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 UI - D047990 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.500 MS - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in TNF RECEPTOR feedback regulation. It is similar in structure and appears to work in conjunction with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 2 to inhibit APOPTOSIS. HN - 2005(1994) MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 UI - D047992 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.750 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.750 MS - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in TNF RECEPTOR feedback regulation. It is similar in structure and appears to work in conjunction with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 1 to inhibit APOPTOSIS. HN - 2005(1994) MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 UI - D048008 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.875 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.875 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.875 MS - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in regulation of NF-KAPPA B signaling and activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. HN - 2005(1995) MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5 UI - D048015 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.937 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.937 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.937 MS - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that mediates signaling from CD27 ANTIGENS, CD40 ANTIGENS and the lymphotoxin beta-specific receptor. It is involved in regulation of NF-KAPPA B signalling. HN - 2005(1996) MH - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 UI - D048029 MN - D12.644.360.24.500.968 MN - D12.776.157.57.500.968 MN - D12.776.476.24.500.968 MS - A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in regulation of NF-KAPPA B signalling and activation of JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. HN - 2005(1996) MH - Transfer RNA Aminoacylation UI - D046249 MN - G6.535.95.55.860 MN - G6.535.770.50.860 MN - G6.535.770.871.850 MN - H1.181.404.95.526.860 MS - The conversion of uncharged TRANSFER RNA to AMINO ACYL TRNA. HN - 2005 BX - Aminoacylation, Transfer RNA BX - Transfer RNA Charging BX - tRNA Aminoacylation BX - tRNA Charging FX - Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases MH - Treponema denticola UI - D048373 MN - B3.440.425.410.711.795.700 MN - B3.851.595.795.200 MS - A species of bacteria in the family SPIROCHAETACEAEA, frequently isolated from periodontal pockets (PERIODONTAL POCKET). HN - 2005 MH - Trichosurus UI - D048330 MN - B1.150.900.649.573.587.800 MS - A genus of brush-tailed possums found chiefly in Australia and New Zealand. Secretions from their ANAL GLAND function both in defense and demarcating territory. HN - 2005 BX - Possums, Brush-Tailed MH - Tumor Burden UI - D047368 MN - E5.118.892 MS - The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body. AN - coordinate with neoplasm /pathol HN - 2005 MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins UI - D047988 MN - D12.644.360.24.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.500 MS - Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind directly or indirectly to the cytoplasmic portion of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTORS. HN - 2005(1994) BX - TNF Receptor-Associated Factors BX - Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factors MH - Tumor Necrosis Factors UI - D048069 MN - D12.644.276.992 MN - D12.776.467.968 MN - D24.611.350.750 MS - A family of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to cause NECROSIS of NEOPLASMS. Their necrotic effect on cells is mediated through TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTORS which induce APOPTOSIS. HN - 2005 MH - Tymoviridae UI - D046830 MN - B4.715.850 MN - B4.820.900 MS - A family of icosahedral, non-enveloped, RNA plant viruses comprised of three genera: TYMOVIRUS, Marafivirus and Maculavirus. HN - 2005 MH - Unsafe Sex UI - D047568 MN - G8.520.950.987 MS - Sexual behaviors which are high-risk for contracting SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES or for producing PREGNANCY. HN - 2005; use SAFE SEX 2001-2004 BX - High-Risk Sex MH - Utrophin UI - D049411 MN - D12.776.220.987 MN - D12.776.543.985 MS - An autosomally-encoded 376-kDa cytoskeletal protein that is similar in structure and function to DYSTROPHIN. It is a ubiquitously-expressed protein that plays a role in anchoring the CYTOSKELETON to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. HN - 2005(1991) FX - Dystrophin-Associated Protein Complex MH - Vibrio fischeri UI - D048908 MN - B3.440.450.900.859.300 MN - B3.660.250.830.830.250 MS - A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which exhibits LUMINESCENCE. V. fischeri is found in a symbiotic relationship with the SQUID Euprymna scolopes. HN - 2005 MH - Videoconferencing UI - D049269 MN - L1.178.847.900 MS - Communications via an interactive conference between two or more participants at different sites, using computer networks (COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS) or other telecommunication links to transmit audio, video, and data. HN - 2005 MH - Vietnam Conflict UI - D047829 MN - K1.504.504.968.600 MS - A conflict occurring from 1954 through 1975 within the Republic of Vietnam. It involved neighboring nations and the United States and other members of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. HN - 2005 BX - Viet Nam Conflict MH - Visible Human Project UI - D048589 MN - G1.100.185.900 MN - H1.158.100.185.900 MN - J1.897.280.500.545.129.800 MN - L1.178.820.90.545.129.800 MN - L1.470.750.750.900 MN - L1.700.508.300.221.400.900 MS - Digital image data sets, created by the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. The images were generated from carefully selected and prepared CADAVERS in three modes: computerized tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED), magnetic resonance (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING) and cryosection (CRYOSECTIONING). HN - 2005; use ANATOMY, CROSS-SECTIONAL 1997-2004 FX - Imaging, Three-Dimensional MH - Vitellins UI - D047048 MN - D12.776.290.812 MS - Major egg yolk proteins from egg-laying animals such as non-mammalian VERTEBRATES; ARTHROPODS; and others. They are high-density lipoglycoproteins derived from circulating precursors, VITELLOGENINS. Vitellins serve as nutrients for the growing non-mammalian embryos (EMBRYO, NONMAMMALIAN). HN - 2005; use EGG PROTEINS 1989-2004 MH - Viverridae UI - D045949 MN - B1.150.900.649.147.900 MS - The family of civets which are small and medium-sized Old World carnivores, often stripped or spotted. HN - 2005; use CARNIVORA 1998-2004; for CIVET CATS use CARNIVORA 2004 BX - Civet Cats BX - Civets BX - Genets MH - Waist-Hip Ratio UI - D049629 MN - E1.370.600.115.100.960 MN - E5.118.946 MN - G7.290.100.960 MS - The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. HN - 2005; use BODY CONSTITUTION 1994-2004 MH - Weevils UI - D048889 MN - B1.500.131.617.69.900 MS - BEETLES in the family Curculionidae and the largest family in the order COLEOPTERA. They have a markedly convex shape and many are considered pests. HN - 2005 BX - Curculionidae MH - White spot syndrome virus 1 UI - D046848 MN - B4.280.505.900 MS - A species of DNA virus, in the genus WHISPOVIRUS, infecting PENAEID SHRIMP. HN - 2005 MH - World War I UI - D047828 MN - K1.504.504.968.300 MS - Global conflict primarily fought on European continent, that occurred between 1914 and 1918. HN - 2005 MH - World War II UI - D047789 MN - K1.504.504.968.400 MS - Global conflict involving countries of Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America that occurred between 1939 and 1945. HN - 2005 BX - World War, 1939-1945 MH - Xestospongia UI - D047131 MN - B1.500.802.900 MS - A genus of SPONGES in the family Petrosiidae, characterized by an ectosomal skeleton consisting only of an isotropic reticulation of single spicules or spicule tracts. HN - 2005