NEW (2001) MESH HEADINGS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; revised 9/6/2000) TOTAL DESCRIPTORS = 184 MH - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus UI - D021581 MN - G6.535.166.310.100 MN - G6.535.166.700.100 MS - Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE. AN - IM GEN only; coord NIM with CELL NUCLEUS /metab (IM) + substance /metab (IM) HN - 2001 BX - Nuclear Export BX - Nuclear Import BX - Nuclear Transport MH - Acute Toxicity Tests UI - D023382 MN - E5.940.74 MS - Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals. HN - 2001 BX - Toxicity Tests, Acute MH - Adherens Junctions UI - D022005 MN - A11.284.149.165.420.20 MS - Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of MICROFILAMENTS attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell. HN - 2001 BX - Zonula Adherens MH - Advanced Cardiac Life Support UI - D022561 MN - E2.365.647.110.500 MS - The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrilation and pharmacological therapy. HN - 2001 BX - Cardiac Life Support, Advanced BX - Life Support, Advanced Cardiac FX - Heart Arrest MH - Allelic Imbalance UI - D022981 MN - G5.632.40 MS - A situation where one member (allele) of a gene pair is lost (LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY) or amplified. AN - do not confuse with ALLELIC LOSS see LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY HN - 2001 MH - alpha-Defensins UI - D023084 MN - D12.644.350.200.50 MN - D24.611.600.200.50 MS - DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS. HN - 2001 MH - Amino Acids, Neutral UI - D021542 MN - D12.125.154 MS - Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains. HN - 2001 BX - Neutral Amino Acids MH - Animal Use Alternatives UI - D023401 MN - H1.770.644.67 MS - Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with animals of a species lower phylogenetically, or refinement of methods to minimize pain and distress of animals used. HN - 2001 MH - Animals, Outbred Strains UI - D021461 MN - B1.30.284 MN - B2.158.284 MS - Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species. AN - IM GEN or unspecified; coord NIM with specific animal probably NIM HN - 2001 MH - Anoikis UI - D023102 MN - G4.335.139.160.60 MS - APOPTOSIS triggered by loss of contact with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HN - 2001 MH - Anthrax Vaccines UI - D022122 MN - D24.310.894.135.63 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX. HN - 2001 BX - Vaccines, Anthrax MH - Antifreeze Proteins UI - D021301 MN - D12.776.53 MS - Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. They perform a cryoprotective role in a variety of organisms. AN - GEN or unspecified; prefer specific types HN - 2001; use ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS (NM) 1980-2000 BX - Antifreeze Glycoproteins MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type I UI - D021322 MN - D12.776.53.100 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are 3-5 kD in size and contain a single alanine-rich amphipathic alpha-helix. HN - 2001 MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type II UI - D021341 MN - D12.776.53.200 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD. HN - 2001 MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type III UI - D021343 MN - D12.776.53.350 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kD in size and contain compact beta-sheet structures. HN - 2001 MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV UI - D021302 MN - D12.776.53.500 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that contain four amphathic alpha-helices folded into an antiparallel helix bundle. HN - 2001; use ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS (NM) 1997-2000 MH - Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides UI - D023181 MN - D12.644.350 MN - D24.611.600 MS - Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. HN - 2001; use ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDES (NM) to search MICROBICIDAL CATIONIC PROTEINS 1981-2000 BX - Microbicidal Cationic Proteins FX - Blood Bactericidal Activity MH - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active UI - D023241 MN - E2.319.310.75 MS - Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively supress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor. AN - IM when general; NIM when with specific drugs HN - 2001 BX - HAART BX - Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy FX - Anti-HIV Agents MH - Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular UI - D021921 MN - C14.280.484.150.60 MS - A narrowing of the aorta in the region above the aortic valve. HN - 2001; use AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS 1980-2000 BX - Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis MH - Balloon Occlusion UI - D021721 MN - E2.148.106 MN - E2.520.179 MS - Use of a balloon catheter to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein. AN - coord IM with dis /ther not /surg HN - 2001 FX - Balloon Dilatation FX - Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation MH - beta-Defensins UI - D023083 MN - D12.644.350.200.75 MN - D24.611.600.200.75 MS - DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells. HN - 2001 MH - Bioartificial Organs UI - D021522 MN - E7.858.82.212 MS - Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membrane (container) as in BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER or a scaffold as in bioartificial skin. HN - 2001 MH - Bioterrorism UI - D023482 MN - I1.198.240.856.800.100 MN - I1.880.735.900.800.100 MS - The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of bacteria, viruses, or toxins against people, animals, or plants. HN - 2001 BX - Biological Terrorism FX - Biological Warfare MH - Book Reviews [Publication Type] UI - D022921 MS - Critical analyses of books or other monographic works. AN - used by special data producers only HN - 2000 MH - Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay UI - D021121 MN - E5.393.525.300 MN - E5.393.661.124 MN - E5.601.300 MS - A molecular probe technique that utilizes branched DNA (bDNA) as a means to amplify the hybridization signal. One end of the bDNA molecule is designed to bind a specific target, while the other end of the bDNA molecule contains many branches of DNA that are designed to bind a probe used for signal detection. AN - DF: BDNA ASSAY HN - 2001 MH - Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal UI - D021441 MN - C4.557.470.200.25.380 MN - C4.557.470.615.487 MN - C4.588.274.761.750 MS - Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS. AN - coord IM with PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2001 BX - Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma MH - Caveolae UI - D021941 MN - A11.284.149.165.175.160 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.180.160 MS - Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Caveolae assume various shapes from open pits to closed vesicles. Caveolar coats are composed of CAVEOLINS. HN - 2001 FX - Caveolins MH - Caveolins UI - D022461 MN - D12.776.543.160 MS - The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. Several distinct genes for caveolins have been identified. HN - 2001 FX - Caveolae MH - CCAAT-Binding Factor UI - D023081 MN - D12.776.260.105.249 MN - D12.776.660.167.249 MS - A heterotrimeric DNA-binding protein that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoters of eukaryotic genes. It is composed of three subunits: A, B and C. HN - 2001; use CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS (NM) 1988-2000 BX - CCAAT-Binding Factor, A-Subunit BX - CCAAT-Binding Factor, B-Subunit BX - CCAAT-Binding Factor, C-Subunit MH - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha UI - D022763 MN - D12.776.260.105.500 MN - D12.776.660.167.500 MS - A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER, ADIPOSE TISSUE, INTESTINES, LUNG, ADRENAL GLANDS, PLACENTA, OVARY and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR). Experiments with knock-out mice have demonstrated that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-alpha is essential for the functioning and differentiation of HEPATOCYTES and ADIPOCYTES. HN - 2001; C-EBPALPHA use CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS (NM) 1996-2000 BX - C-EBP alpha MH - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta UI - D022782 MN - D12.776.260.105.750 MN - D12.776.660.167.750 MS - A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER, INTESTINES, LUNG and ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is an important mediator of INTERLEUKIN-6 signaling. HN - 2001; use CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS (NM) 1994-2000; for LIVER-ENRICHED INHIBITING PROTEIN use CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEIN-BETA (NM) 1995-2000; BX - C-EBP-beta BX - LIP Protein BX - NF-IL6 MH - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins UI - D022762 MN - D12.776.260.105 MN - D12.776.660.167 MS - A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits. AN - GEN: prefer specifics HN - 2001; for C-EBP NUCLEAR PROTEIN use CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS (NM) 1989-2000; for CCAAT SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEINS use CCAAT-ENHANCER BINDING PROTEINS 1988-2000 BX - C-EBP Nuclear Protein BX - C-EBP Proteins MH - CD40 Ligand UI - D023201 MN - D12.776.395.550.185 MN - D12.776.543.550.185 MN - D24.185.101.100.110.280 MN - D24.611.216.301.264.35.280 MS - Membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells. It binds to CD40 (ANTIGENS, CD40) on B-cells, inducing B-cell proliferation. Mutation in this protein causes X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA). HN - 2001; use CD40 LIGAND (NM) to search CD40L 1992-2000 BX - Antigens, CD154 BX - CD154 Antigens BX - CD40L FX - Antigens, CD40 MH - Cell Membrane Structures UI - D021961 MN - A11.284.149.165 MS - Structures which are part of the CELL MEMBRANE or have cell membrane as a major part of their structure. AN - GEN: avoid; prefer specifics HN - 2001 MH - Cell Nucleus Structures UI - D022003 MN - A11.284.170.279 MS - Structures that are part of or contained in the CELL NUCLEUS. AN - GEN: avoid; prefer specifics HN - 2001 MH - Cell Surface Extensions UI - D022081 MN - A11.284.180 MS - Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface. AN - GEN: avoid; prefer specifics HN - 2001 BX - Cell Membrane Extensions BX - Cell Membrane Projections BX - Cell Membrane Protrusions MH - Cell-Matrix Junctions UI - D021982 MN - A11.284.149.165.165 MS - Specialized areas at the CELL MEMBRANE where a cell attaches to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX or other substratum. HN - 2001 BX - Cell-Matrix Adhesions FX - Cell Adhesion MH - Cellular Structures UI - D022082 MN - A11.284 MS - Components of a cell. AN - GEN: avoid; prefer specifics HN - 2001 MH - Chills UI - D023341 MN - C23.888.208 MS - The sudden sensation of being cold. It may be accompanied by SHIVERING. HN - 2001; use SHIVERING 1977-2000 FX - Shivering MH - Chlamydia muridarum UI - D023502 MN - B3.440.190.190.190.500 MS - Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. AN - infection: coord IM with CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS (IM); index also PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Chlamydophila UI - D023501 MN - B3.440.190.190.230 MS - A genus of the family CHLAMYIDACEAE comprising gram-negative non CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS-like species infecting vertebrates. Chlamydophila do not produce detectable quantities of glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI. AN - infection = CHLAMYDOPHILA INFECTIONS HN - 2001 MH - Chlamydophila Infections UI - D023521 MN - C1.252.400.210.250 MS - Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDOPHILA. HN - 2001 MH - Cholera Vaccines UI - D022121 MN - D24.310.894.135.225 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist. HN - 2001 MH - Chromosome Structures UI - D022004 MN - A11.284.170.279.190.160 MS - Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES. AN - GEN: avoid; prefer specifics HN - 2001 MH - Chromosomes, Artificial UI - D022201 MN - A11.284.187.178 MN - D13.444.308.460.320.165 MS - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer. AN - coord with specific organism /genet only if particularly discussed; for insertion of the artificial chromosome, coord with GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES HN - 2001 BX - Artificial Chromosomes MH - Chromosomes, Bacterial Artificial UI - D022202 MN - A11.284.187.178.170 MN - A11.284.187.190.170 MN - D13.444.308.460.320.165.170 MS - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes. AN - coord with specific bacterium /genet only if particularly discussed HN - 2001 BX - Artificial Chromosomes, Bacterial BX - Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes MH - Chromosomes, Human Artificial UI - D022222 MN - A11.284.187.178.190.117 MN - A11.284.187.480.117 MN - D13.444.308.460.320.165.190.117 MS - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny human cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer. AN - coord with specific human chromosome /genet only if particularly discussed HN - 2001 BX - Artificial Chromosomes, Human BX - Human Artificial Chromosomes MH - Chromosomes, Mammalian Artificial UI - D022221 MN - A11.284.187.178.190 MN - D13.444.308.460.320.165.190 MS - DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny mammalian cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer. AN - coord with specific animal /genet only if particularly discussed HN - 2001 BX - Artificial Chromosomes, Mammalian BX - Mammalian Artificial Chromosomes MH - Chronobiology Disorders UI - D021081 MN - C10.281 MS - Disruptions of the rhythmic cycle of bodily functions or activities. HN - 2001; use SLEEP DISORDERS, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 2000; for CHRONOBIOLOGY DISORDERS use SLEEP DISORDERS, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 2000 BX - Circadian Rhythm Disorders MH - Clathrin-Coated Vesicles UI - D022163 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.180.170 MS - Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles is covered with a lattice-like network of the protein CLATHRIN. Shortly after formation, however, the clathrin coat is removed and the vesicles are referred to as ENDOSOMES. HN - 2001 MH - Communicable Diseases, Emerging UI - D021821 MN - C1.539.221.500 MS - Reporting of new and reemerging infectious diseases and studies that seek to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. HN - 2001 BX - Infectious Diseases, Emerging MH - Complementarity Determining Regions UI - D022801 MN - D12.776.124.486.485.680.600.180 MN - D12.776.124.790.651.596.600.180 MN - D12.776.377.715.548.673.600.180 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.300 MN - D24.611.125.345.180 MN - D24.611.125.600.662.600.180 MN - D24.611.834.816.824.300 MN - G6.184.580.709.600.40.170 MS - Three regions (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3) of amino acid sequence in the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION that are highly divergent. Together the CDRs from the light and heavy immunoglobulin chains form a surface that is complementary to the antigen. These regions are also present in other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, for example, T-cell receptors (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). HN - 2001; for COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGION and HYPERVARIABLE REGION use IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION 1988-2000 BX - Hypervariable Regions FX - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell MH - COP-Coated Vesicles UI - D022181 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.180.180 MS - TRANSPORT VESICLES formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles is covered with a lattice-like network of COP (coat protein complex) proteins, either COPI or COPII. COPI coated vesicles transport backwards from the cisternae of the GOLGI APPARATUS to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH), while COPII coated vesicles transport forward from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. HN - 2001 BX - COPI-Coated Vesicles BX - COPII-Coated Vesicles BX - Coatomer-Coated Vesicles MH - Cryptosporidiidae UI - D021742 MN - B1.841.75.189.250.150 MS - A family of parasitic PROTOZOA in the order EIMERIIDA. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM is the most important genus. AN - infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Cyclophilin A UI - D021984 MN - D8.586.399.325.500.400.300.500 MS - A 17 KD cytoplasmic PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE involved in immunoregulation. It is a member of the cyclophilin family of proteins that binds to CYCLOSPORINE. EC 5.2.1.- HN - 2001; use PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE 1998-2000 & PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE (NM) 1984-1997 BX - Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase A MH - Cyclophilins UI - D021983 MN - D8.586.399.325.500.400.300 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.400.300 MN - D12.776.827.275.300 MN - D24.611.834.400.300 MS - A family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases that bind to CYCLOSPORINS and regulate the IMMUNE SYSTEM. EC 5.2.1.- HN - 2001; use PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE 1998-2000 & PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE (NM) 1984-1997 BX - Cyclophilin BX - Cyclosporin-Binding Proteins MH - Cyclospora UI - D021744 MN - B1.841.75.189.250.250.200 MS - A genus of coccidian parasites in the family EIMERIIDAE. Cyclospora cayetanensis is pathogenic in humans, probably transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and causes nausea and diarrhea. AN - infection = CYCLOSORIASIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Cyclosporiasis UI - D021866 MN - C3.752.250.280 MS - Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus CYCLOSPORA. It is distributed globally and causes a diarrheal illness. Transmission is waterborne. AN - /drug ther: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS HN - 2001 MH - Cytomegalovirus Vaccines UI - D022482 MN - D24.310.894.899.120 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS. HN - 2001 MH - Cytoplasmic Structures UI - D022083 MN - A11.284.195.190 MS - Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL. AN - GEN: avoid; prefer specifics HN - 2001 MH - Cytoplasmic Vesicles UI - D022162 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.190 MS - Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes which function in storage, transport or metabolism. HN - 2001 MH - Defensins UI - D023082 MN - D12.644.350.200 MN - D24.611.600.200 MS - Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity. Based on the disulfide pairing of their characteristic six cysteine residues, they are divided into ALPHA-DEFENSINS and BETA-DEFENSINS. HN - 2001; use DEFENSINS (NM) to search DEFENSINS 1985-2000 MH - Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine UI - D022422 MN - D24.310.894.135.310 MN - D24.310.894.691.263.310 MN - D24.310.894.691.824.310 MN - D24.310.894.815.320 MS - A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated. AN - DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES and DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE are also available HN - 2001; use DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS VACCINE (NM) to search DT VACCINE 1983-2000 BX - DT Vaccine MH - Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines UI - D022681 MN - D24.310.894.135.290 MN - D24.310.894.135.535.295 MN - D24.310.894.691.263.290 MN - D24.310.894.691.824.290 MN - D24.310.894.815.149 MN - D24.310.894.860.900.267 MS - Combined vaccines consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID, TETANUS TOXOID, and an acellular form of PERTUSSIS VACCINE. At least five different purifed antigens of B. pertussis have been used in various combinations in these vaccines. AN - DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS VACCINE and DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE are also available HN - 2001; use DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES (NM) to search DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINE 1997-2000 BX - DTaP Vaccines MH - Discrete Subaortic Stenosis UI - D021922 MN - C14.280.484.150.70.210 MS - An anatomic alteration in the mitral valve apparatus and interventricular septum leading to obstruction of left ventricular outflow. (from Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998;14(3):296-303) HN - 2001; use AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS 1986-2000 BX - Subaortic Stenosis, Discrete MH - DNA, Catalytic UI - D021881 MN - D8.586.165 MN - D8.586.913.696.445.735.265 MN - D13.444.308.243 MS - Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity. HN - 2001; use DNA, CATALYTIC (NM) 1997-2000 BX - Deoxyribozymes MH - DNA, Intergenic UI - D021901 MN - D13.444.308.324 MN - G5.331.599.110.275 MN - G6.184.599.110.220 MS - Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions. AN - note that DNA, RIBOSOMAL SPACER is available HN - 2001 BX - DNA, Junk BX - DNA, Spacer BX - Intergenic DNA BX - Junk DNA BX - Spacer DNA MH - DNA, Ribosomal Spacer UI - D021903 MN - D13.444.308.324.230 MN - D13.444.308.475.230 MS - The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers). AN - DNA, RIBOSOMAL and DNA, SPACER see DNA, INTERGENIC are also available HN - 2001 BX - Ribosomal Spacer DNA MH - Eimeriida UI - D021741 MN - B1.841.75.189.250 MS - An order of parasitic PROTOZOA in the class COCCICIDA. Families include CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, EIMERIIDAE, and SARCOCYSTIDAE. AN - infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Eimeriidae UI - D021743 MN - B1.841.75.189.250.250 MS - A large family of parasitic PROTOZOA in the order EIMERIIDA. They cause COCCIDIOSIS in a number of vertebrates including humans. AN - infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac UI - D022062 MN - E1.370.370.380.245 MN - E1.370.405.267 MS - Invasive procedures whereby tachyarrhythmias (TACHYCARDIA), induced or spontaneous, are mapped via heart catheterization techniques for the investigation of electrical activities in the heart. In addition to diagnostic purposes, the techniques of intracardiac programmed electrostimulation are used therapeutically. HN - 2001 BX - Cardiac Electrophysiologic Techniques BX - Electrophysiologic Study, Cardiac BX - Programmed Electrostimulation MH - Endpoint Determination UI - D023381 MN - E5.91.284 MS - Establishment of the level of a quantifiable effect indicative of a biologic process. The evaluation is frequently to detect the degree of toxic or therapeutic effect. HN - 2001 BX - Endpoint Assay MH - Enterobacter aerogenes UI - D021902 MN - B3.440.450.425.275.99 MS - Gram-negative, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature. Both motile and non-motile strains exist. The species is closely related to KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE and is frequently associated with nosocomial infections AN - infection: coord IM with ENTEROBACTERIACEAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2001; for AEROBACTER AEROGENES use KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE 1992-2000 & ENTEROBACTER 1963-1991 BX - Aerobacter aerogenes BX - Klebsiella aerogenes FX - Klebsiella pneumoniae MH - Enterocytozoon UI - D021862 MN - B1.841.500.500.500.100.200 MS - A genus of parasitic protozoa in the family Enterocytozoonidae, which infects humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been found in the intestines of patients with AIDS. AN - infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Escherichia coli Vaccines UI - D022361 MN - D24.310.894.135.390 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat both enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections. HN - 2001; use ESCHERICHIA COLI VACCINES (NM) to search ESCHERICHIA COLI VACCINE 1983-2000 BX - E coli Vaccines MH - Euchromatin UI - D022041 MN - A11.284.170.279.190.160.180.270 MN - D12.776.664.224.270 MS - Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations. HN - 2001; use EUCHROMATIN (NM) 1981-2000 MH - Evaluation Studies [Publication Type] UI - D023362 MS - Studies determining the effectiveness or utility of processes, personnel, and equipment. HN - 2001 FX - Clinical Trial [Publication Type] FX - Validation Studies [Publication Type] MH - Family Nursing UI - D022143 MN - G2.478.676.218 MS - The provision of care involving the nursing process, to families and family members in health and illness situations. From Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice. 6th ed. HN - 2001 MH - Fictional Works [Publication Type] UI - D022922 MS - Creative writing, not presented as factual. HN - 2000 BX - Fiction [Publication Type] MH - Flank Pain UI - D021501 MN - C23.888.646.451 MS - Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM. HN - 2001 MH - Focal Adhesions UI - D022001 MN - A11.284.149.165.165.285 MS - An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate. It is composed of a specialized area of the plasma membrane where bundles of MICROFILAMENTS terminate and attach to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS. HN - 2001 BX - Adhesion Plaques BX - Cell-Matrix Adherens Junctions BX - Focal Contacts FX - Cell Adhesion MH - Gene Order UI - D023061 MN - G5.265 MS - The sequential location of genes on a chromosome. HN - 2001 FX - Linkage (Genetics) MH - Gene Transfer, Horizontal UI - D022761 MN - G5.825.390 MS - The transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. This may lead to a permanent change of the organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC) . AN - note category: do not confuse with GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES HN - 2001 BX - Horizontal Gene Transfer MH - Genomics UI - D023281 MN - G1.273.343.500 MS - The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms. HN - 2001 FX - Computational Biology FX - Human Genome Project FX - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Glasgow Outcome Scale UI - D023261 MN - E5.318.308.940.968.875.260 MN - E5.944.510 MN - L1.280.900.968.875.260 MN - N4.452.859.564.800.260 MN - N5.715.360.300.715.500.800.335 MS - A scale that assesses the outcome of serious craniocerebral injuries, based on the level of regained social funtioning. HN - 2001; use GLASGOW COMA SCALE 1990-2000 MH - Government Publications [Publication Type] UI - D022903 MS - Documents issued by local, regional, or national governments or by their agencies or subdivisions. AN - used by special data producers only HN - 2000 BX - Government Documents [Publication Type] MH - Hemidesmosomes UI - D022002 MN - A11.284.149.165.165.360 MS - An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate, similar in morphology to halves of DESMOSOMES. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS bind on the cytoplasmic face to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, via intracellular attachment proteins, while the extracellular domain of the integrins binds to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS. HN - 2001 MH - Hepatitis A Vaccines UI - D022362 MN - D24.310.894.899.955.395 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS). HN - 2001; use HEPATITIS A VACCINES (NM) to search HEPATITIS A VACCINE 1992-2000 MH - Hepatocytes UI - D022781 MN - A11.436.348 MS - The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. HN - 2001 BX - Hepatic Cells BX - Liver Cells MH - Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome UI - D022861 MN - C11.270.55.400 MN - C15.378.100.685.400 MN - C15.378.140.735.400 MN - C15.378.463.735.400 MN - C16.131.410.40.100.400 MN - C17.800.621.440.102.100.400 MN - C17.800.827.130.100.400 MN - C18.452.648.66.102.100.400 MS - Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS), PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY, and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin. HN - 2001 MH - Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines UI - D022301 MN - D24.310.894.899.290.400 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with viruses from the genus SIMPLEXVIRUS. This includes vaccines for HSV-1 and HSV-2. AN - coord IM with specific simplexvirus /immunol (IM) HN - 2001 BX - HSV Vaccines MH - Herpesvirus Vaccines UI - D022283 MN - D24.310.894.899.290 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family HERPESVIRIDAE. AN - coord IM with specific herpesvirus /immunol (IM) but note specifics HN - 2001 MH - Herpesvirus 4, Equid UI - D023141 MN - B4.280.382.100.900.500 MN - B4.909.204.382.100.900.500 MS - A species of VARICELLOVIRUS and the chief cause of rhinopneumonitis in horses. AN - infection: coord IM with HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2001; use VARICELLOVIRUS 1994-2000; for EQUINE RHINOPNEUMONITIS VIRUS use HERPESVIRUS 1, EQUID 1994-2000, EQUINE RHINOPNEUMONITIS VIRUS 1973-1993 BX - Equine Herpesvirus 4 BX - Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus MH - History of Medicine, 21st Cent. UI - D023541 MN - K1.419.552.550.510 MS - Events and developments in medicine during the 100 year period following the 20th century. AN - NIM; no qualif; check tag when not point of article; DF: HIST MED 21ST CENT or 21 CENT HN - 2001 BX - 21st Cent. History BX - 21st Cent. History (Medicine) BX - 21st Cent. Medicine BX - Medicine, 21st Cent. MH - Hyperammonemia UI - D022124 MN - C18.452.413 MS - Metabolic disorder characterized by elevated level of ammonia in blood. HN - 2001 MH - Imaging, Three-Dimensional UI - D021621 MN - E1.370.350.400 MS - The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic or photographic methods. For example three 3-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAMS) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object. AN - for analysis of images use IMAGE ANALYSIS, COMPUTER-ASSISTED BX - Computer-Assisted Three-Dimensional Imaging BX - Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Computer Assisted MH - Isosporiasis UI - D021865 MN - C3.752.250.410 MS - Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus ISOSPORA, producing intestinal disease. It is caused by ingestion of oocysts and can produce tissue cysts. AN - /drug ther: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS HN - 2001 MH - Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus UI - D022141 MN - B4.820.650.815.450 MS - A type-D retrovirus that causes pulmonary adenomatosis in sheep (PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS, OVINE). HN - 2001 MH - Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines UI - D022321 MN - D24.310.894.899.320 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE). AN - vaccines to prevent infections caused by ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE only, not ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE. HN - 2001 MH - Lacerations UI - D022125 MN - C21.866.540 MS - Torn, ragged, mangled wounds. HN - 2001 MH - Ligase Chain Reaction UI - D022521 MN - E5.393.620.311 MS - A DNA amplification technique based upon the ligation of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES. The probes are designed to exactly match two adjacent sequences of a specific target DNA. The chain reaction is repeated in three steps in the presence of excess probe: (1) heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA, (2) annealing of probes to target DNA, and (3) joining of the probes by thermostable DNA ligase. After the reaction is repeated for 20-30 cycles the production of ligated probe is measured. HN - 2001 FX - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Liquid Ventilation UI - D021061 MN - E2.880.820.525 MS - Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid. AN - /instrum: consider also VENTILATORS, MECHANICAL HN - 2001 BX - Total Liquid Ventilation FX - Fluorocarbons FX - Ventilators, Mechanical MH - Local Lymph Node Assay UI - D023441 MN - E1.370.750.450 MN - E1.450.495.750.450 MS - The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is an alternative method for the identification of chemicals that have the ability to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. Endpoints have been established so fewer animals are required and less painful procedures are used. HN - 2001 MH - Lyme Disease Vaccines UI - D022123 MN - D24.310.894.135.492 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent LYME DISEASE. HN - 2001 BX - Vaccines, Lyme Disease MH - Management Service Organizations UI - D021661 MN - N4.452.758.372 MS - Voluntarily-formed groups of healthcare professionals who join for common management servicxes and other benefits such as collective bargaining agreements with reinbursement agents. The physical assets of a practice are controlled by the MSO which also provides billing, collections, and similar services. The practitioner retains control of patient records and management of patient care. HN - 2001; use HOSPITAL-PHYSICIAN JOINT VENTURES 1996-2000 MH - Marek Disease Vaccines UI - D022501 MN - D24.310.894.899.290.500 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent MAREK DISEASE, an avian disease caused by a herpesvirus. HN - 2001 MH - Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine UI - D022542 MN - D24.310.894.815.500 MN - D24.310.894.899.390 MN - D24.310.894.899.404.500 MN - D24.310.894.899.488.500 MN - D24.310.894.899.779.500 MS - A combined vaccine used to prevent MEASLES, MUMPS, and RUBELLA. HN - 2001; use MEASLES-MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE (NM) to search MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA VACCINE 1986-2000 BX - MMR Vaccine MH - Membrane Microdomains UI - D021962 MN - A11.284.149.165.570 MS - Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. HN - 2001 BX - Lipid Rafts, Cell Membrane MH - Meningococcal Vaccines UI - D022401 MN - D24.310.894.135.500 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS. HN - 2001; use MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINES (NM) to search MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE 1983-2000 MH - Microsporidia, Unclassified UI - D021861 MN - B1.841.500.520 MS - Includes newly defined organisms as well as some that will never be classified to the genus and/or species level because of loss of the specimen or other information. AN - index here if author uses the term microsporidium or "unclassifed microsporidia"; index MICROSPORIDIA see MICROSPORA if author uses "microsporidia" as a general term for the phylum; infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protozoan term (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 BX - Microsporidium MH - Microtubule-Organizing Center UI - D022101 MN - A11.284.195.190.750.585 MS - An amorphous region of electron dense material in the cytoplasm from which the MICROTUBULES polymerization is nucleated. The pericentriolar region of the CENTROSOME which surrounds the CENTRIOLES is an example. AN - DF: MTOC HN - 2001; use CENTROSOME 1993-2000 MH - Models, Animal UI - D023421 MN - E5.598 MS - Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing. HN - 2001 BX - Experimental Animal Models BX - Laboratory Animal Models MH - Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney UI - D021782 MN - C4.182.394.590 MN - C12.740.700.629 MN - C12.777.419.413.400 MN - C13.371.820.700.558 MN - C16.131.939.629 MS - A severe form of dysplasia where the kidney typically appears as a bunch of grapes without a reniform configuration or calyceal drainage system. It occurs in-utero and is the most common form of nongenetic renal cystic disease. AN - X ref MULTICYSTIC KIDNEY: do not confuse with POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES HN - 2001 MH - Myeloid Cells UI - D022423 MN - A11.118.835 MN - A11.148.378.590.590 MN - A15.145.229.698 MN - A15.378.316.378.590.590 MS - Cells which include the MONOCYTES and the GRANULOCYTES. HN - 2001 MH - Myeloid Progenitor Cells UI - D023461 MN - A11.118.835.635 MN - A11.148.378.590 MN - A11.872.378.590 MN - A15.145.229.698.635 MN - A15.378.316.378.590 MS - One of the two stem cells derived from HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS - the other being the lymphoid progenitor cell. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS and the MYELOID CELLS (MONOCYTES and GRANULOCYTES). HN - 2001 BX - Stem Cells, Myeloid MH - Nuclear Pore UI - D022022 MN - A11.284.170.279.692.630 MS - An opening through the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE formed by the nuclear pore complex which transports nuclear proteins or RNA into or out of the CELL NUCLEUS and which, under some conditions, acts as an ion channel. HN - 2001; use NUCLEAR ENVELOPE 1977-2000 MH - Nuclease Protection Assays UI - D023282 MN - E5.393.600 MS - Techniques for measuring specific nucleic acid interaction with another nucleic acid or with a protein by digestion of the non-interacting nucleic acid by various nucleases. After all non-interacting regions are eliminated by nuclease digestion, the protected nucleic acid that remains is analyzed. DNA FOOTPRINTING utilizes this technique to analyze the DNA contact sites of DNA-BINDING PROTEINS. HN - 2001 MH - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques UI - D021141 MN - E5.393.620 MS - Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one orginal template. HN - 2001 BX - DNA Amplification Techniques BX - RNA Amplification Techniques MH - Oxazolidinones UI - D023303 MN - D3.383.548.600 MS - Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents. HN - 2001; use OXAZOLIDINONES (NM) 1995-2000 BX - 1,3-Oxazolidin-2-one BX - Oxazolidin-2-one MH - Palate, Hard UI - D021362 MN - A2.835.232.781.324.502.660 MN - A14.521.658.660 MN - A14.549.617.660 MS - The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE. HN - 2001; use PALATE 1998-2000 BX - Hard Palate BX - Palatine Bone MH - Parainfluenza Vaccines UI - D022241 MN - D24.310.894.899.500 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with parainfluenza viruses in humans and animals. AN - coord IM with specific parainfluenza virus /immunol (IM) HN - 2001 MH - Parasitic Sensitivity Tests UI - D021261 MN - E5.337.550.600 MN - G1.273.688.750 MS - Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites. AN - IM when general; NIM with specific drug (IM) & specific parasite (IM); MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS is also available HN - 2001 MH - Placental Circulation UI - D021041 MN - G9.330.163.749 MS - The circulation of blood, of both the mother and the fetus, through the placenta. AN - DF: PLACENTAL CIRC HN - 2001(1995) BX - Circulation, Fetoplacental BX - Circulation, Placental BX - Circulation, Uteroplacental BX - Fetoplacental Circulation BX - Uteroplacental Circulation MH - Pleistophora UI - D021864 MN - B1.841.500.500.500.100.650 MS - A genus of parasitic protozoa in the family Pleistophoridae that infects humans. AN - infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protoxoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 MH - Pneumococcal Vaccines UI - D022242 MN - D24.310.894.135.630 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. HN - 2001; use PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES (NM) to search PNEUMOVAX 1978-2000 BX - Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine MH - Poliovirus Vaccines UI - D023321 MN - D24.310.894.899.623 MS - Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL). HN - 2001 MH - Protein Footprinting UI - D023302 MN - E5.196.700.690 MN - E5.393.760.705.685.690 MS - A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis. HN - 2001 BX - Footprints, Protein MH - Protein Sorting Signals UI - D021382 MN - D12.644.770 MN - G5.331.599.56.670 MN - G6.184.599.56.670 MS - Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments. HN - 2001(1986) BX - Leader Signal Peptides FX - Protein Transport FX - Signal Recognition Particle MH - Protein Subunits UI - D021122 MN - D12.776.813 MS - Single chains of amino acids that are the units of a multimeric protein. They can be identical or non-identical subunits. HN - 2001 MH - Protein Transport UI - D021381 MN - G6.535.166.700 MS - The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport. AN - coord NIM with specific protein/metab (IM) or /pharmacokin (IM) HN - 2001 BX - Gated Protein Transport BX - Protein Translocation BX - Transmembrane Protein Transport BX - Vesicular Protein Transport MH - Pseudorabies Vaccines UI - D022421 MN - D24.310.894.899.632 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PSEUDORABIES (Aujeszky's disease), a herpesvirus of swine and other animals. HN - 2001; use PSEUDORABIES VACCINES (NM) to search PSEUDORABIES VACCINE 1992-2000 MH - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship UI - D021281 MN - G6.184.872.500 MN - G12.869.500 MN - H1.181.122.768.500 MN - H1.181.466.685.500 MS - A quantitative prediction of the biological, ecotoxicological or pharmaceutical activity of a molecule. It is based upon structure and activity information gathered from a series of similar compounds. AN - DF:QSAR HN - 2001 BX - Structure Activity Relationship, Quantitiative MH - Radiation Hybrid Mapping UI - D021101 MN - E5.393.183.620.405 MS - A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA. HN - 2001 BX - Radiation Hybrid Maps BX - Radiation Hybrids MH - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 UI - D022702 MN - D12.776.543.750.600.300.300.340.900 MN - D12.776.543.750.720.300.300.300.400 MS - A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). beta-3 Adrenergic receptors are the predominant beta-adrenergic receptor type expressed in white and brown ADIPOCYTES and are involved in modulating ENERGY METABOLISM and THERMOGENESIS. AN - DF: RECEPT ADREN BETA 3 HN - 2001; use RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA-3 (NM) 1977-2000 BX - Adrenergic beta-3 Receptors BX - Receptors, beta-3 Adrenergic BX - beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors MH - Receptors, Interleukin-8A UI - D023062 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.825 MN - D24.185.101.100.110.782 MN - D24.611.216.301.264.35.782 MN - D24.611.834.852.125.825 MS - High-affinity receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils. AN - DF: IL8RA HN - 2001; use RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-8A (NM) to search INTERLEUKIN 8 RECEPTOR 1989-2000 BX - Antigens, CDw128a BX - CDw128a Antigens BX - CXCR1 Protein BX - CXCR1 Receptors BX - IL-8A Receptors BX - Interleukin-8A Receptors BX - Receptors, CXCR1 MH - Receptors, Interleukin-8B UI - D023063 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.426 MS - Low-affinity receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and T-cells. These receptors also bind GRO and NAP-2. AN - DF: IL8RB HN - 2001; use RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-8B (NM) to search INTERLEUKIN-8 RECEPTOR TYPE B 1994-2000 BX - Antigens, CDw128b BX - CDw128b Antigens BX - CXCR2 Protein BX - CXCR2 Receptors BX - Interleukin-8B Receptors BX - Receptors, CXCR2 MH - Recognition (Psychology) UI - D021641 MN - F2.463.425.540.706 MS - The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered. HN - 2001; use MEMORY 1998-2000 BX - Familiarity MH - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines UI - D022261 MN - D24.310.894.899.730 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. HN - 2001 BX - RSV Vaccines MH - Ribotyping UI - D021521 MN - E5.200.875.150.125.765 MN - E5.393.290.765 MS - RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains. HN - 2001 MH - RNA Splice Sites UI - D022821 MN - D13.444.735.544.520 MN - G5.331.599.110.805 MN - G6.184.599.110.805 MS - Nucleotide sequences located at the ends of exons and recognized in pre-messenger RNA by the SPLICESOME. They are joined during the RNA SPLICING reaction, forming the junctions between exons. HN - 2001 BX - Splice Acceptor Site BX - Splice Donor Site MH - RNA, Messenger, Stored UI - D023121 MN - D13.444.735.544.527 MS - Messenger RNA that is stored in a masked state for translation at a later time. Distinguish from RNA, UNTRANSLATED which refers to non-messenger RNA, i.e. RNA that does not code for protein. AN - do not confuse with RNA, UNTRANSLATED; DF: STORED MRNA HN - 2001 BX - Masked Messenger RNA BX - Maternal Messenger RNA BX - Paternal Messenger RNA BX - RNA, Messenger, Masked BX - RNA, Messenger, Maternal BX - RNA, Messenger, Paternal BX - Stored Messenger RNA MH - RNA, Untranslated UI - D022661 MN - D13.444.735.790 MS - RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated they are not included here. AN - GEN: prefer specifics; do not confuse with RNA, MESSENGER, STORED HN - 2001 MH - Rotavirus Vaccines UI - D022243 MN - D24.310.894.899.760 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with ROTAVIRUS. HN - 2001 MH - Safe Sex UI - D021841 MN - F1.145.792.845 MS - Sex behavior that prevents or decreases the spread of sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy. HN - 2001 BX - Protected Sex BX - Responsible Sex FX - Sex Education MH - Salmonella Vaccines UI - D022562 MN - D24.310.894.135.685 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis. AN - coord IM with specific Salmonella species /immunol (IM) but note TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES is also available HN - 2001 BX - Vaccines, Salmonella MH - Sarcocystidae UI - D021745 MN - B1.841.75.189.250.750 MS - A family of parasitic PROTOZOA in the order EIMERIIDAE. They form tissue-cysts in their intermediate hosts, ultimately leading to pathogenesis in the final hosts that includes various mammals (including humans) and birds. The most important genera include NEOSPORA, SARCOCYSTIS, and TOXOPLASMA. AN - infection: coord IM with COCCIDIOSIS (IM); drug eff: consider COCCIDIOSTATS; coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001; for BESNOITIA use EIMERIIDA 1992-2000 MH - Scaphoid Bone UI - D021361 MN - A2.835.232.87.144.650 MS - The bone which is located most lateral in the proximal row of CARPAL BONES. HN - 2001 BX - Navicular Bone of Hand MH - Scedosporium UI - D021681 MN - B5.354.381.785 MS - A mitosporic fungal genus previously called Monosporium. Teleomorphs include PSEUDALLESCHERIA. AN - infection: coord IM with probably MADUROMYCOSIS (IM) or other mycosis (IM) HN - 2001 MH - Sea Bream UI - D021541 MN - B2.493.602.650 MS - A species of PERCIFORMES commonly used in saline aquaculture. HN - 2001 BX - Sparus aurata MH - Secretory Vesicles UI - D022142 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.190.880.810 MS - Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface. AN - for zymogen granules coord with ENZYME PRECURSORS + specific enzyme HN - 2001; use CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES 1980-2000 BX - Secretory Granules BX - Zymogen Granules MH - Self-Sustained Sequence Replication UI - D021161 MN - E5.393.620.374 MS - An isothermal in-vitro nucleotide amplification process. The process involves the concomitant action of a RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE, a ribonuclease (RIBONUCLEASES), and a DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE to synthesize large quantities of sequence-specific RNA and DNA molecules. AN - DF:NASBA HN - 2001 BX - Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification MH - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy UI - D021701 MN - E1.370.388.100.580 MN - E1.450.230.100.580 MN - E1.450.865.100.580 MN - E4.74.580 MN - E4.446.819 MS - A diagnostic procedure used to determine whether LYMPHATIC METASTASIS has occurred. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive drainage from a neoplasm. HN - 2001 BX - Biopsy, Sentinel Lymph Node BX - Lymph Node Biopsy, Sentinel FX - Lymphatic Metastasis MH - Shiga Toxin UI - D022621 MN - D24.185.926.123.794.500 MN - D24.185.926.330.575.500 MS - A toxin produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. It is the protype of class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction of ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) with PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS. AN - SHIGA TOXINS is available HN - 2001; use SHIGA TOXINS (NM) 1980-2000 BX - Stx Protein, Shigella dysenteria FX - Shigella dysenteriae MH - Shiga Toxins UI - D022603 MN - D24.185.926.123.794 MN - D24.185.926.330.575 MS - A class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction of ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) with PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS. They include SHIGA TOXIN which is produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE and a variety of shiga-like toxins that are produced by pathologic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. AN - SHIGA TOXIN is also available HN - 2001; for VERO CYTOTOXIN, VERO CELL CYTOTOXIN, VERO TOXIN & VERO TOXIN use SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN I (NM) 1980-2000 BX - Vero Toxin BX - Vero Toxins FX - Dysentery MH - Shiga-Like Toxin I UI - D022622 MN - D24.185.926.123.794.100 MN - D24.185.926.330.575.249 MS - A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It is closely related to SHIGA TOXIN produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. HN - 2001; use SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN I (NM) 1984-2000; for SHIGA TOXIN 1 & STX1 PROTEIN use SHIGA TOXIN (NM) 1997-2000 FX - Escherichia coli O157 MH - Shiga-Like Toxin II UI - D022641 MN - D24.185.926.123.794.124 MN - D24.185.926.330.575.124 MS - A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It is shares 50-60% homology with SHIGA TOXIN and SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN I. HN - 2001; use SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN II (NM) 1988-2000; for SHIGA TOXIN 2 & STX2 PROTEIN use SHIGA TOXIN (NM) 1997-2000 MH - Shigella Vaccines UI - D022281 MN - D24.310.894.135.720 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA. AN - coord IM with specific Shigella species /immunol (IM) HN - 2001 FX - Shigella dysenteriae MH - Skin Irritancy Tests UI - D023422 MN - E5.940.74.500 MS - Tests or bioassays that measure the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals. HN - 2001 MH - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization UI - D021241 MN - E5.196.867.877.600 MS - A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry. HN - 2001 BX - ESI Mass Spectrometry BX - Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry MH - Streptococcal Vaccines UI - D022541 MN - D24.310.894.135.750 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS. AN - coord IM with specific Streptococcus species /immunol (IM) HN - 2001 MH - Stress Fibers UI - D022502 MN - A11.284.195.190.750.510.830 MS - Bundles of actin filaments (MICROFILAMENTS) and myosin-II that span across the cell attaching to the cell membrane at FOCAL ADHESIONS and to the network of INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS that surrounds the nucleus. HN - 2001 MH - Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A UI - D022061 MN - D8.586.399.325.500.400.700.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.400.700.500 MN - D12.776.827.275.700.500 MN - D24.611.834.400.700.500 MS - A 12 KD tacrolimus binding protein that is found associated with and may modulate the function of calcium release channels. It is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase which is inhibtied by both tacrolimus (commonly called FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.- HN - 2001; use TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEINS (NM) 1991-2000 BX - FK506-Binding Protein 1A BX - FKBP12 MH - Tacrolimus Binding Proteins UI - D022021 MN - D8.586.399.325.500.400.700 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.400.700 MN - D12.776.827.275.700 MN - D24.611.834.400.700 MS - A family of immunophilin proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drugs TACROLIMUS (also known as FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.- HN - 2001; use TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEINS (NM) 1991-2000 BX - FK506 Binding Protein BX - FK506 Binding Proteins BX - Rapamycin Binding Proteins MH - Terrorism UI - D023481 MN - I1.198.240.856.800 MN - I1.880.735.900.800 MS - The use of force or VIOLENCE against persons or property in violation of criminal laws for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom. HN - 2001; use VIOLENCE 1981-2000 MH - Textbooks [Publication Type] UI - D022923 MS - Books intended for use in the study of specific subjects, containing systematic presentation of the principles and essential knowledge of the subjects. AN - used by special data producers only HN - 2000 MH - Thermogenesis UI - D022722 MN - G7.315.232.778 MN - G7.621.265.500 MS - The generation of heat in order to maintain body temperature. The uncoupled oxidation of fatty acids contained within brown adipose tissue and SHIVERING are examples of thermogenesis in MAMMALS. HN - 2001; for HEAT PRODUCTION use BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION 1975-2000 BX - Heat Production MH - trans-Golgi Network UI - D021601 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.336.850 MS - A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane. HN - 2001 BX - trans-Golgi Region MH - Transfusion-Transmitted Virus UI - D022783 MN - B4.280.910 MN - B4.909.204.910 MN - B4.970.910 MS - An unclassified, non-enveloped DNA virus associated with transfusions and hepatitis. However, no etiological role has been found for TTV in hepatitis, and evidence suggests it is not a HEPATOVIRUS. AN - a specific virus, not any virus transmitted by transfusion; infection: coord IM with DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2001 BX - TT Virus MH - Transplantation Tolerance UI - D023001 MN - G4.610.484.955 MS - An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. HN - 2001 BX - Graft Tolerance FX - Graft Survival MH - Transport Vesicles UI - D022161 MN - A11.284.195.190.875.190.880 MS - Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations. HN - 2001 BX - Endocytic Vesicles FX - Biological Transport MH - Trihalomethanes UI - D022882 MN - D2.455.526.913 MS - Methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different. HN - 2001; use CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, METHANE 1984-2000 MH - Unpublished Works [Publication Type] UI - D022902 MS - Works that have not been formally published. AN - used by special data producers only HN - 2000 BX - Unpublished Documents [Publication Type] MH - Vaccines, Acellular UI - D022282 MN - D24.310.894.860.900 MS - Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness. AN - IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM) HN - 2001 MH - Vaccines, Contraceptive UI - D022642 MN - D24.310.894.818 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception. HN - 2001; use CONTRACEPTION, IMMUNOLOGIC (1996-2000) BX - Contraceptive Vaccines FX - Contraception, Immunologic MH - Vaccines, Edible UI - D022462 MN - D12.776.828.868.915 MN - D24.310.894.860.915 MN - D24.310.894.865.915 MN - D24.611.216.865.915 MS - Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine. AN - IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM) HN - 2001 FX - Plants, Transgenic MH - Vaccines, Marker UI - D022581 MN - D24.310.894.845 MS - Vaccines used in conjunction with diagnostic tests to differentiate vaccinated animals from carrier animals. Marker vaccines can be either a subunit or a gene-deleted vaccine. AN - IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM) HN - 2001 BX - Marker Vaccines MH - Vaccines, Subunit UI - D022223 MN - D24.310.894.860 MS - Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides. AN - IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM) HN - 2001 BX - Peptide Vaccines BX - Vaccines, Peptide MH - Vaccines, Virosome UI - D022721 MN - D12.776.828.868.940 MN - D24.310.894.865.940 MN - D24.611.216.865.940 MS - Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response. AN - IM general only; coord NIM with specific vaccine (IM) HN - 2001 FX - Virosomes MH - Validation Studies [Publication Type] UI - D023361 MS - The processes by which the reliability and relevance of a procedure for a specific purpose are established. HN - 2001 FX - Clinical Trial [Publication Type] MH - Virosomes UI - D022701 MN - D26.664.255.260.900 MN - D27.720.280.260.900 MN - H1.181.529.530.900 MS - Semi-synthetic complex derived from nucleic-acid free viral particles. They are essentially reconstituted viral coats, where the infectious nucleocapsid is replaced by a compound of choice. Virosomes retain their fusogenic activity and thus deliver the incorporated compound (antigens, drugs, genes) inside the target cell. They can be used for vaccines (VACCINES, VIROSOME), drug delivery, or gene transfer. AN - when used as a vehicle in drug ther, index specific drug /admin (IM) + VIROSOMES (NIM without qualif) HN - 2001 FX - Vaccines, Virosome MH - Vittaforma UI - D021863 MN - B1.841.500.500.500.100.900 MS - A genus of parasitic protozoa in the family nosematidae that infects humans. Vittaforma corneae has been isolated from AIDS patients. AN - infection: coord IM with MICROSPORIDIOSIS (IM); coord with specific protozoan terms (ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, etc) if pertinent HN - 2001 BX - Nosema corneum MH - Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays UI - D023041 MN - E5.337.550.200.900 MN - E5.624.850 MS - In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectivness. HN - 2001; for TUMOR XENOGRAFT ASSAY use SUBRENAL CAPSULE ASSAY (1988-2000) BX - Tumor Xenograft Assay BX - Xenograft Antitumor Assays MH - Yellow Fever Vaccine UI - D022341 MN - D24.310.894.899.970 MS - Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS. HN - 2001 MH - Zygapophyseal Joint UI - D021801 MN - A2.835.583.979 MS - The joint that occurs between facets of the interior and superior articular processes of adjacent vertebra. HN - 2001 BX - Facet Joint