MH - A549 Cells UI - D000072283 MN - A11.251.210.190.80 MN - A11.251.860.180.80 MN - A11.436.54 MS - An immortalized cell line derived from human ADENOCARCINOMA, ALVEOLAR basal epithelial cells isolated from the lungs of a male patient in 1972. The cell line is positive for KERATIN, can synthesize LECITHIN, and contains high levels of POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS in its PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is used as a model for PULMONARY ALVEOLI function and virus infections, as a TRANSFECTION host, and for PRECLINICAL DRUG EVALUATION. AN - almost always NIM with no subheadings; check HUMAN; do not routinely add ADENOCARCINOMA, ALVEOLAR HN - 2017 MH - Abdominal Oblique Muscles UI - D000071596 MN - A2.633.567.50.375 MS - Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall consisting of the external oblique and the internal oblique muscles. The external abdominal oblique muscle fibers extend from lower thoracic ribs to the linea alba and the iliac crest. The internal abdominal oblique extend superomedially beneath the external oblique muscles. HN - 2017 MH - AC133 Antigen UI - D000071916 MN - D9.400.430.250 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.15 MN - D23.101.100.110.15 MS - A member of the prominin family, AC133 Antigen is a 5-transmembrane antigen occurring as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing which are processed into mature forms. In humans, it is expressed as a subset of CD34 (bright) human hematopoietic stem cells and CD34 positive leukemias. Functionally, it is associated with roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Specifically, it regulates the organization of apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells, disk morphogenesis during early retinal development, MAPK and Akt signaling pathways, and in cholesterol metabolism. HN - 2017(1998) FX - Antigen-Antibody Reactions MH - Acute Febrile Encephalopathy UI - D000071072 MN - C10.228.140.21 MS - Acute onset of fever accompanied by seizures, cerebral inflammation and a change in mental status (e.g., confusion, disorientation, and coma). HN - 2017 MH - Acute Retroviral Syndrome UI - D000071297 MN - C2.782.815.616.400.44 MN - C2.800.801.400.44 MN - C20.673.480.44 MS - Early stage of HIV infection. Symptoms resemble INFLUENZA or INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS. HN - 2017 MH - ADAM10 Protein UI - D000072197 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.250 MN - D9.400.430.500.250 MN - D12.776.395.33.250 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.48 MN - D23.101.100.110.48 MS - A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein. It cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA between ALANINE 76 and VALINE 77 to its functional form, as well as several other CELL SURFACE PROTEINS to their soluble forms, including AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR and PRION PROTEIN. HN - 2017 MH - ADAM12 Protein UI - D000072199 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.125 MN - D9.400.430.500.125 MN - D12.776.395.33.125 MS - A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein that is expressed as two alternatively-spliced forms: a long transmembrane form (ADAM12-L) and a short soluble form (ADAM12-S). It modulates the cleavage of INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEINS and may also regulate CELL FUSION during MYOGENESIS. HN - 2017 (1997) MH - ADAM17 Protein UI - D000072198 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.375 MN - D9.400.430.500.375 MN - D12.776.395.33.375 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.57 MN - D23.101.100.110.57 MS - A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein that cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA to its mature form. It cleaves several other CELL SURFACE PROTEINS, including INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE II; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; L-SELECTIN; MUCIN-1; and AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR. It can also function as an activator of the Notch signaling pathway by mediating the cleavage of NOTCH RECEPTORS. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - ADAMTS Proteins UI - D000071096 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500 MN - D9.400.430.500.500 MN - D12.776.395.33.500 MN - D12.776.860.300.85 MS - A subfamily of ADAM proteases that are distinguished by the presence of one or more THROMBOSPONDIN type-1 repeats (TSRs). These are three-strand motifs that contain characteristic TRYPTOPHAN, ARGININE, and CYSTEINE residues respectively. In contrast to ADAM proteins, which reside on CELL MEMBRANES, ADAMTS proteases are secreted and function in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HN - 2017 MH - ADAMTS1 Protein UI - D000071097 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.500 MN - D9.400.430.500.500.500 MN - D12.776.395.33.500.500 MN - D12.776.860.300.85.500 MS - An ADAMTS protease that contains two disintegrin loops and three C-terminal thrombospondin (TS) motifs. It functions as an ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR as well as in normal tissue growth and fertility. HN - 2017 MH - ADAMTS13 Protein UI - D000071120 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.813 MN - D9.400.430.500.500.813 MN - D12.776.395.33.500.813 MN - D12.776.860.300.85.813 MS - An ADAMTS protease that contains eight thrombospondin (TS) motifs. It cleaves VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR to control vWF-mediated THROMBOSIS. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene have been identified in familial cases of PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC and defects in ADAMTS13 activity are associated with MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; and MALARIA. HN - 2017 MH - ADAMTS4 Protein UI - D000071121 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.844 MN - D9.400.430.500.500.844 MN - D12.776.395.33.500.844 MN - D12.776.860.300.85.844 MS - An ADAMTS protease similar to ADAMTS5 PROTEIN. It contains a single C-terminal thrombospondin (TS) motif and cleaves AGGRECAN in CARTILAGE. It may also be involved in the destruction of aggrecan in ARTHRITIS. HN - 2017 (1999) MH - ADAMTS5 Protein UI - D000071116 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.875 MN - D9.400.430.500.500.875 MN - D12.776.395.33.500.875 MN - D12.776.860.300.85.875 MS - An ADAMTS protease that contains two C-terminal thrombospondin (TS) motifs. It functions primarily as an aggrecanase, cleaving AGGRECAN in CARTILAGE, and may be involved in the destruction of aggrecan in ARTHRITIS. HN - 2017 MH - ADAMTS7 Protein UI - D000071118 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.937 MN - D9.400.430.500.500.937 MN - D12.776.395.33.500.937 MN - D12.776.860.300.85.937 MS - An ADAMTS protease that contains four central and four C-terminal thrombospondin (TS) motifs. It binds to and degrades CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN. HN - 2017 MH - ADAMTS9 Protein UI - D000071119 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.968 MN - D9.400.430.500.500.968 MN - D12.776.395.33.500.968 MN - D12.776.860.300.85.968 MS - An ADAMTS protease that contains 15 THROMBOSPONDIN (TS) motifs. It cleaves the PROTEOGLYCANS AGGRECAN and VERSICAN and also functions in protein transport from the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM to the GOLGI APPARATUS. HN - 2017 MH - Adipocytes, Beige UI - D000069797 MN - A11.329.114.125 MS - Brown fat-like cells that develop in the WHITE FAT from non-MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTOR 5 expressing CELL LINEAGE. HN - 2017 MH - Adipose Tissue, Beige UI - D000069796 MN - A10.165.114.161 MS - Brown fat-like adipose tissue that develops in WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE from non-MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTOR 5 expressing cell lineage. HN - 2017 MH - Adult Germline Stem Cells UI - D000072956 MN - A11.872.40.250 MS - Progenitor stem cells found in the testicles. HN - 2017(1994) MH - Aeromonas veronii UI - D000070079 MN - B3.440.450.19.25.845 MN - B3.660.250.17.25.845 MS - A species of Aeromonas that occurs mostly as single cells in soil and freshwater environments. It also inhabits the digestive tract of the leech HIRUDO MEDICINALIS, where it aids in the digestion of blood and prevents colonization by other bacteria. It is pathogenic in fish and potentially in humans who consume infected fish or immunocompromised patients receiving LEECH THERAPY. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Alaska Natives UI - D000072957 MN - M1.686.508.150.288 MS - Persons having origins in any indigenous people of ALASKA and their descendants and who maintain tribal affiliation, or community or cultural attachment. AN - specify ethnic group if pertinent; do not confuse with INUITS HN - 2017 FX - Inuits MH - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial UI - D000071396 MN - D8.811.682.657.163.249.375 MN - D12.776.575.93 MS - An aldehyde dehydrogenase expressed in the mitochondrial matrix that is essential for the metabolism of ETHANOL. HN - 2017 MH - Alert Fatigue, Health Personnel UI - D000071064 MN - C23.888.369.500.250 MN - F1.100.50.500 MN - F1.145.126.937.250 MN - N4.761.700.75 MN - N5.300.100.169 MN - N5.700.75 MS - Mental fatigue experienced by health care providers who encounter numerous alerts and reminders from the use of CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS. As the numbers of alerts and reminders designed to provide meaningful assistance to the patient care process increases, many health personnel may ignore them. HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Enzymes UI - D000071496 MN - D8.811.74.62 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139 MS - A family of alpha- KETOGLUTARIC ACID and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that are homologous to AlkB, an enzyme that repairs alkylated nucleic acids in E. coli. The mammalian homologs have diverse substrate specificities and functions that include DNA REPAIR, generating unique wobble modifications in URIDINE tRNA, demethylation of nucleotides in DNA and RNA, and demethylation of LYSINE residues on certain proteins, including ACTIN and histones (HISTONE CODE). HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Homolog 1, Histone H2a Dioxygenase UI - D000071498 MN - D8.811.74.62.500 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.500 MS - A dioxygenase and alkylation repair homolog that functions by oxidative demethylation in RNA and DNA REPAIR of substrates which contain 3-methylcytosine. It also functions as one of the HISTONE DEMETHYLASES involved in embryonic development and maintaining the pluripotency of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase UI - D000071499 MN - D8.811.74.62.750 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.750 MS - A dioxygenase and alkylation repair homolog that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine by oxidative demethylation. It can also repair alkylated DNA containing 1-ethenoadenine in vitro. It has highest affinity for double-stranded DNA. HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Homolog 3, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase UI - D000071500 MN - D8.811.74.62.875 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.875 MS - A dioxygenase and alkylation repair homolog that repairs alkylated DNA containing 1-methyladenine (1meA) and 3-methylcytosine (3meC) by oxidative demethylation. It has a strong preference for SINGLE-STRANDED DNA and may also act on RNA. HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Homolog 4, Lysine Demethylase UI - D000071501 MN - D8.811.682.662.582.138 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.937 MS - A dioxygenase and alkylation repair homolog that mediates demethylation of ACTIN monomethylated at 'Lys-84' (K84me1). Demethylation of actin LYSINE 84 (K84me1) is required for maintaining actin and MYOSIN dynamics to support normal cleavage furrow ingression during CYTOKINESIS and CELL MIGRATION. It may also be involved in transcription regulation. HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase UI - D000071502 MN - D8.811.74.62.937 MN - D8.811.682.662.582.207 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.968 MS - A dioxygenase and alkylation repair homolog that demethylates RNA by oxidative demethylation. It specifically demethylates N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA, the most common internal modification of MESSENGER RNA in higher eukaryotes. It can also demethylate N(6)-methyladenosine in SINGLE-STRANDED DNA. HN - 2017 MH - AlkB Homolog 8, tRNA Methyltransferase UI - D000071503 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.984 MN - D8.811.913.555.500.925.500 MS - A dioxygenase and alkylation repair homolog that catalyzes the methylation of 5-carboxymethyl URIDINE to 5-methylcarboxymethyl uridine at the wobble position of the ANTICODON loop in TRANSFER RNA (tRNA) via its methyltransferase domain. It has a preference for tRNA (ARGININE) and tRNA (GLUTAMATE), and does not bind tRNA (LYSINE). HN - 2017 MH - Allergists UI - D000072223 MN - M1.526.485.810.20 MN - N2.360.810.20 MS - Physicians specializing in treating individuals with hypersensitivity to ALLERGENS. HN - 2017 MH - Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO UI - D000071516 MN - D8.811.74.62.968 MN - D8.811.682.662.582.242 MN - D8.811.682.690.416.139.992 MS - A dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. It has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by SINGLE-STRANDED DNA containing 3-methylthymine and specifically demethylates N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA, the most common internal modification of MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) in higher EUKARYOTES. It contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy HOMEOSTASIS, as well as body fat accumulation by regulating the differentiation of ADIPOCYTES into BROWN FAT CELLS or WHITE FAT CELLS. HN - 2017 MH - Amaryllidaceae UI - D000070378 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.99.50 MS - A family of herbaceous plants with bulbs or rhizomes in the order Asparagales. HN - 2017; for CLIVIA, HIPPEASTRUM, and ZEPHYRANTHES use LILIACEAE 2003-2016; for CYRTANTHUS use LILIACEAE 2004-2016 BX - Clivia BX - Hippeastrum BX - Zephyranthes MH - Anesthesiologists UI - D000072080 MN - M1.526.485.140.40 MN - M1.526.485.810.40 MN - N2.360.140.40 MN - N2.360.810.40 MS - Physicians specializing in ANESTHESIOLOGY. HN - 2017 MH - Anesthetists UI - D000072077 MN - M1.526.485.140 MN - N2.360.140 MS - Persons trained and certified to administer ANESTHETICS. HN - 2017; for ANESTHESIA ASSISTANTS use PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS 1976-2016 BX - Anesthesia Assistants MH - Ankyloglossia UI - D000072676 MN - C7.160 MS - A severe congenital restriction of TONGUE movement, resulting from fusion or adherence of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. In partial ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) the LINGUAL FRENUM is abnormally short, or is attached too close to the tip of the tongue. OMIM: 106280 HN - 2017; use under Mouth Abnormalities 2013-2016 MH - Annulus Fibrosus UI - D000070616 MN - A2.165.308.410.250 MN - A2.835.232.834.432.250 MN - A10.165.382.350.50.250 MS - Outer portion of the intervertebral disc that surrounds the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS. HN - 2017 MH - Anorectal Malformations UI - D000071056 MN - C6.198.25 MN - C16.131.314.47 MS - Congenital defects in the anus and the rectum often involving the urinary and genital tracts. HN - 2017(2014) MH - Antagomirs UI - D000070416 MN - D13.695.578.424.112 MS - Chemically-engineered oligonucleotides used to selectively inhibit expression of target genes through sequence-specific binding of corresponding microRNA (miRNA) sites. HN - 2017 FX - RNA Interference MH - Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries UI - D000070598 MN - C26.558.554.213 MS - Sprain or tear injuries to the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT of the knee. HN - 2017 MH - Anti-Vaccination Movement UI - D000070377 MN - I3.88 MS - Group activities directed against VACCINATION. HN - 2017 FX - Vaccination Refusal MH - Antigen Peptide Transporter-1 UI - D000071181 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.652.250 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.500.875.250 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.610.305 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.610.305 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.610.250 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.500.875.250 MS - An ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B protein (P-glycoproteins) that functions in the transport of ANTIGENS from the CYTOPLASM to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM for association with HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS CLASS I peptides. It also acts as a molecular scaffold for the final stage of MHC class I PROTEIN FOLDING. HN - 2017 MH - Antigen Peptide Transporter-2 UI - D000071450 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.652.375 MN - D12.776.157.530.450.74.500.500.875.375 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.610.458 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.610.458 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.610.375 MN - D12.776.543.585.450.74.500.500.875.375 MS - An ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B protein (P-glycoproteins) that functions in the transport of ANTIGENS from the CYTOPLASM to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM for association with HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS CLASS I peptides. It functions as a heterodimer with ANTIGEN PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER-1. HN - 2017 MH - Antigens, CD99 UI - D000071443 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.49 MN - D12.776.543.550.200.62 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.65 MN - D23.50.301.350.49 MN - D23.101.100.110.65 MS - A cell adhesion molecule that, in humans, is encoded by a gene on the PSEUDOAUTOSOMAL REGION of SEX CHROMOSOMES. It functions in CELL ADHESION of T-LYMPHOCYTES and ROSETTE FORMATION by ERYTHROCYTES. It is also involved in the migration of LEUKOCYTES through the ENDOTHELIUM BASEMENT MEMBRANE. CD99 co-localizes with, but functions independently of PECAM-1. HN - 2017 MH - Apartheid UI - D000072698 MN - I1.696.50 MN - I1.880.735.820.500.125 MS - A former political system in SOUTH AFRICA which enforced segregation in all forms, including physical, political, legal and economic discrimination, against all non-white, non-European racial groups. HN - 2017; use Race RELATIONS 1988-2016 FX - Racism MH - APOBEC Deaminases UI - D000071478 MN - D8.811.277.151.486.250.500 MS - A family of conserved cytidine deaminases that catalyze the DEAMINATION of CYTIDINE to URIDINE. They are characterized by N and C-terminal zinc-dependent catalytic domains and have important functions in RNA EDITING; EPIGENTIC PROCESSES; and the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE against viruses. HN - 2017 MH - APOBEC-1 Deaminase UI - D000071479 MN - D8.811.277.151.486.250.500.500 MS - An APOBEC deaminase catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) editing enzyme complex that is involved in post-transcriptional editing of a CAA codon for GLYCINE to a UAA STOP CODON in the ApoB mRNA. It also functions in CGA (ARGININE) to UGA STOP CODON editing of NEUROFIBROMIN 1 mRNA and EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. HN - 2017; use APOLIPOPROTEIN B MRNA EDITING ENZYME 1991-2016 MH - APOBEC-3G Deaminase UI - D000071480 MN - D8.811.277.151.486.250.500.750 MS - An APOBEC deaminase that functions as an inhibitor of RETROVIRIDAE replication and inhibits the mobility of RETROTRANSPOSONS via deaminase-dependent and independent mechanisms. It is selective for SINGLE-STRANDED DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single or DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA. It exhibits potent antiviral activity against VIF PROTEIN deficient HIV-1 through the creation of hypermutations in the VIRAL DNA. It also has anti-viral activity against SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES and HEPATITIS B VIRUS. HN - 2017 MH - Apolipoprotein A-V UI - D000072040 MN - D10.532.91.200.575 MN - D12.776.70.400.200.575 MN - D12.776.521.120.200.575 MS - A minor apolipoprotein that associates with HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL), VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (VLDL), and CHYLOMICRONS. It regulates levels of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES by activating APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and inhibiting hepatic VLDL triglyceride hydrolysis. HN - 2017 MH - Aponeurosis UI - D000070606 MN - A2.83 MS - The flattened and/or expanded “tendon-like” dense fibrous connective tissue that connects skeletal muscles to each other or to bone. HN - 2017 MH - Applied Behavior Analysis UI - D000072357 MN - F4.754.137.131 MS - Behavioral science applied with the aim of improving socially important issues such as behavior problems and learning. For individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities including AUTISM, techniques can be categorized as comprehensive or focused. HN - 2017 MH - Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder UI - D000072228 MN - E4.555.110.110.299 MN - E4.650.110.299 MN - E4.680.101.110.299 MS - Replacement of the SHOULDER JOINT. HN - 2017 FX - Shoulder Prosthesis MH - Asparagaceae UI - D000070357 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.99.60 MS - A family of flowering subshrubs and shrubs in the class Magnoliopsida. HN - 2017; for AGAVACEAE use AGAVACEAE 2002-2016; for CONVALLARIACEAE and MUSCARI use LILIACEAE 2003-2016 BX - Agavaceae BX - Convallariaceae BX - Hyacinthaceae BX - Muscari MH - Asparagales UI - D000070381 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.99 MS - An order of monocotyledons (superorder Lilianae) in the class Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms). HN - 2017; for GALTONIA use LILIACEAE 2003-2016 BX - Galtonia MH - ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G UI - D000070996 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.228 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.457 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.457 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.228 MS - A subfamily of ATP binding cassette transporters that function primarily in the transport of lipids and STEROLS across the CELL MEMBRANE. They also export UREA and various drugs resulting in MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE. They are smaller than most other ATP binding cassette proteins, consisting of six transmembrane alpha helices and a distinct N-terminal cytoplasmic ATP-binding domain, and function as homo- or heterodimers with other ABCG transporters. HN - 2017 MH - ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 1 UI - D000070998 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.228.250 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.457.250 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.457.250 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.228.250 MS - An ATP binding cassette transporter that functions primarily as a lipid and CHOLESTEROL exporter in MACROPHAGES. It may also function in intracellular lipid transport and homoeostasis. HN - 2017 MH - ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 UI - D000070997 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.228.500 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.457.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.457.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.228.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.272 MN - D23.101.100.110.272 MS - An ATP binding cassette transporter, sub-family G protein that functions as a high capacity UREA exporter, transporter of STEROLS, and in the absorption and efflux of many drugs. Its efflux activity for ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS contributes to DRUG RESISTANCE. It functions as a homodimer and is expressed by cells in a variety of organs, as well as by NEOPLASTIC STEM CELLS. HN - 2017 MH - ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 5 UI - D000071018 MN - D10.532.137 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.228.750 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.457.750 MN - D12.776.521.181 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.457.750 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.228.750 MS - An ATP binding cassette transporter, sub-family G protein that functions as a heterodimer with ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUB-FAMILY G, MEMBER 8 in the selective transport of DIETARY CHOLESTEROL and PHYTOSTEROLS into and export out of ENTEROCYTES. It also functions in selective sterol excretion by the liver into bile. HN - 2017 MH - ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 8 UI - D000071019 MN - D10.532.160 MN - D12.776.157.530.100.228.875 MN - D12.776.395.550.20.457.875 MN - D12.776.521.212 MN - D12.776.543.550.192.457.875 MN - D12.776.543.585.100.228.875 MS - An ATP binding cassette transporter, sub-family G protein that functions as a heterodimer with ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUB-FAMILY G, MEMBER 5 in the selective transport of DIETARY CHOLESTEROL and PHYTOSTEROLS into and export out of ENTEROCYTES. It also functions in selective sterol excretion by the liver into bile. HN - 2017 MH - Attentional Bias UI - D000070379 MN - F2.830.104.214.500 MS - An increased focus or awareness of certain stimuli over others, which influence behavior. HN - 2017 MH - Audiologists UI - D000072018 MN - M1.526.485.170 MN - N2.360.170 MS - Professionals skilled at diagnostic testing of hearing, HEARING IMPAIRMENT, and CORRECTION OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT by non-medical or non-surgical means. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagosomes UI - D000071182 MN - A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.700.500 MS - Large spherical double-layered structures which function in AUTOPHAGY to engulf intracellular components such as ORGANELLES or pathogens. Their outer membrane then fuses with the LYSOSOME and the inner membrane and contents are digested by lysosomal HYDROLASES. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagy-Related Protein 12 UI - D000071192 MN - D12.776.94.391 MN - D12.776.947.125 MS - A UBIQUITIN-like modifier protein that functions in AUTOPHAGOSOME formation, CYTOPLASM to VACUOLE transport, MITOPHAGY, and nucleophagy. Conjugation with ATG5 PROTEIN or ATG10 is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE-like enzyme for lipid modification of ATG8 FAMILY PROTEINS and their localization to vesicle membranes. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagy-Related Protein 5 UI - D000071187 MN - D12.776.94.250 MS - An autophagy-related protein that functions in AUTOPHAGOSOME biogenesis. It is conjugated to the ATG12 PROTEIN via a process that is similar to UBIQUITINATION and involves the ATG7 PROTEIN and ATG10 enzyme. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE-like enzyme and is required for the localization of ATG8 PROTEINS to AUTOPHAGOSOME vesicle membranes and modification of membrane lipids. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagy-Related Protein 7 UI - D000071193 MN - D12.776.94.399 MS - An autophagy related protein that is similar to UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYME E1. It functions in CYTOPLASM to VACUOLE transport (Cvt) and AUTOPHAGY by activating ATG12 PROTEIN for its conjugation with ATG5 PROTEIN, as well as the conjugation of ATG8 FAMILY PROTEINS with phosphatidylethanolamine for ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and AUTOPHAGOSOME membranes. It is also required for the nitrogen starvation response in yeast, MITOPHAGY; and autophagic cell death induced by CASPASE 8 inhibition. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family UI - D000071190 MN - D12.776.94.407 MN - D12.776.220.600.450.100 MN - D12.776.947.187 MS - UBIQUITIN-like modifier proteins that function in CYTOPLASM to VACUOLE transport (Cvt), vesicle transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and AUTOPHAGOSOME biogenesis. They are also required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) and MITOPHAGY. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog UI - D000071189 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.108 MN - D12.644.360.81 MN - D12.776.94.438 MN - D12.776.476.78 MS - A serine/threonine-protein kinase that functions in AUTOPHAGY in response to starvation. It acts on the PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE complex PIK3C3 to regulate AUTOPHAGOSOME formation. It also functions as both a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and is activated by AMPK, which it also negatively regulates. HN - 2017 MH - Autophagy-Related Proteins UI - D000071183 MN - D12.776.94 MS - Proteins and enzymes that function, often as components of MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES, to assemble AUTOPHAGOSOMES and carry out AUTOPHAGY. HN - 2017 MH - Axon Fasciculation UI - D000071448 MN - G4.152.912.750.250 MN - G7.345.500.325.377.687.750.500 MN - G8.686.784.170.450.500.750.500 MN - G11.561.620.750.250 MS - Process of organizing neighboring AXONS into a bundle or a fascicle during neurite outgrowth mediated by CELL ADHESION MOLECULES. MH - Axon Guidance UI - D000071437 MN - G4.152.912.750.500 MN - G7.345.500.325.377.687.750.750 MN - G8.686.784.170.450.500.750.750 MN - G11.561.620.750.500 MS - The mechanism by which a neuronal process outgrows toward a target led by the GROWTH CONE. Local guidance cues are provided by cell surface proteins that act on the growing axon. HN - 2017 FX - Axon Fasciculation FX - Growth Cones MH - Axon Initial Segment UI - D000071040 MN - A8.675.542.145.250 MN - A11.284.180.75.125 MN - A11.671.137.170 MN - A11.671.501.145.250 MS - First segment of axon that connects distal axon segments to the neuronal CELL BODY at the axon hillock region. The axon initial segment is not protected by the MYELIN SHEATH and has properties critical for axonal growth. The axon initial segment and the axon hillock form an axonal trigger zone. HN - 2017 MH - B30.2-SPRY Domain UI - D000071197 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.290 MS - A protein interaction domain that is characterized by a bent "beta-sandwich" consisting of two antiparallel beta-sheets. It occurs in eukaryotic proteins, including many TRIPARTITE MOTIF PROTEINS, which function in a variety of cellular processes. HN - 2017 MH - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UI - D000069977 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.218.76 MN - B3.353.500.100.218.76 MN - B3.510.100.100.218.76 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.218.76 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.218.76 MS - A non-pathogenic species of Bacillus that occurs in soil as well as some fermented vegetables and FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS. It produces BACTERIOCINS and ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS and is used in FOOD PRESERVATION as well as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bacillus clausii UI - D000070019 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.218.283 MN - B3.353.500.100.218.283 MN - B3.510.100.100.218.283 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.218.283 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.218.283 MS - An alkalophilic species of Bacillus that occurs in soil. It produces ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bacillus coagulans UI - D000070000 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.218.314 MN - B3.353.500.100.218.314 MN - B3.510.100.100.218.314 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.218.314 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.218.314 MS - A microaerophilic, LACTIC ACID producing species of Bacillus that occurs in fermented foods. It also produces ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bacillus firmus UI - D000070098 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.218.345 MN - B3.353.500.100.218.345 MN - B3.510.100.100.218.345 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.218.345 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.218.345 MS - A species of Bacillus that occurs in soil and marine sediments. Many strains are alkalophilic and able to metabolize HEAVY METALS; it may therefore be a useful species for ENVIRONMENTAL BIODEGRADATION. HN - 2017 MH - Bacillus licheniformis UI - D000069976 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.218.376 MN - B3.353.500.100.218.376 MN - B3.510.100.100.218.376 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.218.376 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.218.376 MS - A species of Bacillus that occurs in soil and is frequently found on bird feathers. Some strains cause FOODBORNE DISEASE, whereas other strains produce ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS and ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS and function as PROBIOTICS. This species can also produce enzymes for industrial applications. HN - 2017 MH - Bacillus pumilus UI - D000069979 MN - B3.300.390.400.158.218.613 MN - B3.353.500.100.218.613 MN - B3.510.100.100.218.613 MN - B3.510.415.400.158.218.613 MN - B3.510.460.410.158.218.613 MS - A species of Bacillus that occurs in soil, especially around the roots of some plants where it has anti-fungal and anti-nematode activities. It can also produce enzymes for industrial applications. HN - 2017 MH - Bacteria, Thermoduric UI - D000072280 MN - B3.135 MS - Bacteria resistant to high temperatures, as in PASTEURIZATION. HN - 2017 MH - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron UI - D000070077 MN - B3.140.94.152.700 MN - B3.440.425.410.194.152.700 MS - A species of Bacteroides that is a major constituent of the human GUT MICROBIOTA. It normally produces enzymes important for the digestion of vegetable matter. However, it can also cause OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS that result in intra-abdominal SEPSIS; BACTEREMIA; and PERITONITIS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with BACTEROIDES INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Balloon Enteroscopy UI - D000071087 MN - E1.370.372.250.250.100 MN - E1.370.388.250.250.250.70 MN - E4.210.240.250.80 MN - E4.502.250.250.250.80 MS - An endoscopy of the small intestines accomplished while advancing the endoscope, which is assisted by one or two balloons HN - 2017 MH - Bankart Lesions UI - D000070896 MN - C26.404.625.500 MN - C26.803.250.500 MS - An anterior capsulolabral injury associated with a tear of the anteroinferior GLENOID LABRUM. MH - Barium Enema UI - D000071941 MN - E1.370.350.700.225.313 MN - E2.319.347.500 MS - X-RAY examination of LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Imaging is done while a BARIUM COMPOUND (e.g., BARIUM SULFATE) fills the large intestine via the rectum as a CONTRAST MATERIAL. HN - 2017 MH - Bathroom Equipment UI - D000072296 MN - E7.108 MS - Receptacles used for collection of human excrement. HN - 2017 FX - Toilet Facilities MH - Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 UI - D000072224 MN - D12.644.360.75.323 MN - D12.776.476.75.323 MN - D12.776.543.116 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.25 MS - A BCL-2-like protein that has a C-terminal BCL-2 homology (BH3) domain and forms heterodimers with other BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS. It is a strong inducer of APOPTOSIS and ANOIKIS; several isoforms are expressed (BimEL, Bim L, Bim-alpha, Bim-s; and Bim-gamma) that have different potencies for inducing apoptosis. HN - 2017 (1998) MH - Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus UI - D000070060 MN - B3.440.400.425.180.500 MN - B3.660.125.50.500 MS - A non-pathogenic, obligate aerobic, Gram-negative species of Bdellovibrio that occurs in water and soil, as well as the intestines of birds and mammals. It can infect and lyse pathogenic GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and can function as a PROBIOTIC and ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENT. HN - 2017 MH - Beclin-1 UI - D000071186 MN - D12.644.360.75.335 MN - D12.776.94.500 MN - D12.776.476.75.335 MS - An autophagy related protein which functions as a core subunit of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES. It mediates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and functions in AUTOPHAGY, where it is required for maturation of the AUTOPHAGOSOME. It also functions in ENDOCYTOSIS and CYTOKINESIS as part of a separate complex. Beclin-1 associates with INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES and interacts with the PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2 and BCL-X PROTEIN. HN - 2017 MH - beta-Arrestin 1 UI - D000071559 MN - D12.644.360.24.98.525.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.05.525.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.104.525.500 MN - D12.776.543.90.525.500 MS - A beta-arrestin that functions in the down-regulation of signaling by G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. It is also a major regulator of INSULIN signaling via the ERK 1-2 PATHWAY, and many other signaling processes, especially in NEURONS and LEUKOCYTES. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - beta-Arrestin 2 UI - D000071560 MN - D12.644.360.24.98.525.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.05.525.750 MN - D12.776.476.24.104.525.750 MN - D12.776.543.90.525.750 MS - A beta-arrestin that functions similarly to BETA-ARRESTIN 1 in regulating signaling by G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system where it may regulate signaling by SYNAPTIC RECEPTORS. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - beta-Arrestins UI - D000071557 MN - D12.644.360.24.98.525 MN - D12.776.157.57.05.525 MN - D12.776.476.24.104.525 MN - D12.776.543.90.525 MS - Non-visual system arrestins that negatively regulate G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (GPCRs) and may also function independently of GPCR signaling. They bind and recruit many different signaling factors, including MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; SRC-FAMILY-KINASES; and FILAMIN to GPCRs and may recognize different phosphorylation states of the receptors to determine the specificity of the cellular response to signaling. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - Beta-Cryptoxanthin UI - D000072743 MN - D2.455.326.271.665.202.868.374.500 MN - D2.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.887.374.500 MN - D2.455.849.131.868.374.500 MN - D23.767.261.887.374.500 MS - A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. MH - Bifidobacterium adolescentis UI - D000070005 MN - B3.510.24.100.125 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.125 MS - A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of mammals and healthy humans from birth until late adulthood. It produces ANTI-VIRAL AGENTS and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bifidobacterium animalis UI - D000069982 MN - B3.510.24.100.250 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.250 MS - A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the LARGE INTESTINE of humans and other mammals and in FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS. It is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bifidobacterium bifidum UI - D000069985 MN - B3.510.24.100.313 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.313 MS - A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, especially in infants, and in FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS. It produces BACTERIOCINS and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bifidobacterium breve UI - D000069984 MN - B3.510.24.100.375 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.375 MS - A species of Bifidobacterium present in the human GUT MICROBIOTA. It is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bifidobacterium longum UI - D000069978 MN - B3.510.24.100.500 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.500 MS - A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and VAGINA. It inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, may modulate the immune response, and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis UI - D000070236 MN - B3.510.24.100.500.500 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.500.500 MS - A subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of human infants and is used as a PROBIOTIC. It may also be used in the treatment of IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. HN - 2017 MH - Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum UI - D000070257 MN - B3.510.24.100.750 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.49.100.750 MS - A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of mammals and healthy humans. It has anti-inflammatory activity and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Bilateral Vestibulopathy UI - D000071699 MN - C9.218.568.900.442 MN - C10.597.57 MN - C23.888.592.57 MS - Impairment of the vestibular function of both inner ears which can cause difficulties with balance, gait, VERTIGO, and visual blurring. HN - 2017 MH - Biofortification UI - D000072759 MN - J1.40.227.250 MS - Improving the NUTRITIONAL VALUE of plant foods by augmenting the plant's environment, by using PLANT BREEDING, or by GENETIC ENGINEERING plants to increase their ability to synthesize VITAMINS or uptake essential NUTRIENTS from the soil. HN - 2017 FX - Food, Fortified MH - Blood Culture UI - D000071997 MN - E1.370.225.875.185 MN - E5.200.875.185 MS - Test to determine the presence of blood infection (e.g. SEPSIS; BACTEREMIA). HN - 2017 MH - Body Remains UI - D000071298 MN - C23.550.260.127 MN - I1.76.368.792 MN - I1.198.780.937.883 MS - The physical entity of a deceased human or animal. HN - 2017 FX - Forensic Anthropology MH - Brain Contusion UI - D000070624 MN - C10.228.140.199.444.375 MN - C10.900.300.87.235.375 MN - C26.915.300.200.194.375 MN - C26.974.250.500 MS - A bruise of the brain from an impact of the skull. HN - 2017; use BRAIN INJURIES 1998-2016 FX - Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic MH - Brain Injuries, Diffuse UI - D000070625 MN - C10.228.140.199.388 MN - C10.900.300.87.219 MN - C26.915.300.200.188 MS - Brain injuries occurring over a wide area instead of specific focal area. HN - 2017; use BRAIN INJURIES 2000-2016 MH - Brain Injuries, Traumatic UI - D000070642 MN - C10.228.140.199.444 MN - C10.900.300.87.235 MN - C26.915.300.200.194 MS - A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. HN - 2017; use BRAIN INJURIES 2000-2016 BX - Trauma, Brain BX - Traumatic Brain Injury MH - Breast Cancer Lymphedema UI - D000072656 MN - C15.604.496.160 MN - C23.550.767.82 MS - Abnormal accumulation of lymph in the arm, shoulder and breast area associated with surgical or radiation breast cancer treatments (e.g., MASTECTOMY). HN - 2017 FX - Breast Neoplasms MH - Breast Carcinoma In Situ UI - D000071960 MN - C4.557.470.200.240.187 MN - C4.588.180.130 MN - C17.800.90.500.130 MS - A condition in which abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct, lobule, or nipple to other tissues of the breast. There are 3 types of breast carcinoma in situ: DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU; LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU; and PAGET DISEASE OF THE NIPPLE AN - coordinate IM with BREAST NEOPLASMS (IM) HN - 2017 FX - Carcinoma, Lobular MH - Breast Density UI - D000071060 MN - E1.370.600.115.275 MN - G7.100.138 MS - Measurement of relative composition of different BREAST tissue types often determined from MAMMOGRAPHY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; or MRI. HN - 2017 (2014) MH - BTB-POZ Domain UI - D000071757 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.343 MS - A homodimerization protein interaction domain occurring at the N terminus of proteins that contain multiple copies of either CYS2-HIS2 ZINC FINGERS or KELCH REPEATS. It is characterized by a tightly intertwined dimer with an extensive hydrophobic interface. A surface-exposed groove lined with conserved amino acids is formed at the dimer interface, suggesting a peptide-binding site. Many BTB proteins are transcriptional regulators that are thought to regulate CHROMATIN structure. HN - 2017 MH - Bunion UI - D000071378 MN - C5.330.488.50 MS - Abnormal swelling of the inner aspect of the first metatarsal head affecting the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT. HN - 2017; use HALLUX VALGUS 1967-2016 MH - Buttermilk UI - D000070696 MN - G7.203.100.700.250 MN - G7.203.300.350.300.222 MN - G7.203.300.350.525.250 MN - J2.200.700.250 MN - J2.500.350.300.222 MN - J2.500.350.525.250 MS - A beverage made from cow's milk fermented by LACTIC ACID-producing bacteria, especially LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS and LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS. HN - 2017; use MILK 1998-2003 and CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS 2004-2016 MH - Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens UI - D000070097 MN - B3.353.625.250.500 MS - A species of Butyrivibrio that occurs primarily in the RUMEN where it has important activities in LIPID METABOLISM and the production of BUTYRATES. HN - 2017 MH - Butyrophilins UI - D000071797 MN - D12.776.395.550.114 MN - D12.776.543.550.195 MS - A family of mammalian membrane glycoproteins characterized by extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN DOMAINS. Some members also have an intracellular B30.2-SPRY DOMAIN or SPRY DOMAIN. The butyrophilin protein (BTN) is expressed by MAMMARY GLAND EPITHELIUM during LACTATION; whereas other members are widely expressed in other tissues, including skeletal muscle, intestine, ERYTHROID CELLS (ERMAP protein); and nerve tissue (MYELIN-OLIGODENDROCYTE GLYCOPROTEIN). HN - 2017 (1981) MH - C2 Domains UI - D000070538 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.125 MS - Protein modules that function in the targeting of proteins to CELL MEMBRANES. They consist of an eight-stranded anti-parallel beta-sandwich composed of a pair of four-stranded beta-sheets. This structural unit forms a pocket on the membrane-interacting face of the protein and co-ordinates the binding of 2 to 3 calcium ions; however, not all C2 domains bind calcium. Examples of C2 domain-containing proteins include PROTEIN KINASE C and PTEN PHOSPHOHYDROLASE. HN - 2017 MH - Cadherin Related Proteins UI - D000070585 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.188 MN - D12.776.543.131 MS - Membrane proteins that contain at least two typical consecutive CADHERIN motifs but typically more than cadherin or protocadherin proteins. Their overall domain organization also differs from those of cadherins and protocadherins, and contains different and unique cytoplasmic domains. HN - 2017 MH - Calcium Release Activated Calcium Channels UI - D000071739 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.150.740 MN - D12.776.543.550.450.150.740 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.150.740 MS - Specialized calcium channels that localize to the ENDOPLAMSIC RETICULUM and PLASMA MEMBRANE. They contain the pore subunit ORAI1 PROTEIN which is activated by STROMAL INTERACTION MOLECULES upon intracellular calcium depletion. HN - 2017 MH - Calendars UI - D000072438 MN - V2.220 MS - Documents or charts that show days, weeks, and months of a year. AN - This heading is used as a Publication Type. Calendars as a subject are indexed under the main heading CALENDARS AS TOPIC. INDEXER: Do not use HN - 2017 MH - Calendars as Topic UI - D000072437 MN - L1.60 MS - Works about documents or charts that show days, weeks, and months of a year. AN - do not confuse with the Publication Type CALENDARS HN - 2017 MH - Call Centers UI - D000070456 MN - L1.178.181 MS - A facility set up for the purpose of handling large volumes of telephone calls. Call Centers typically utilize some form of computer automation for receiving, dispatching, screening, logging and forwarding telephone calls. HN - 2017 MH - Camelidae UI - D000071194 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.77.190 MS - The only extant family of the suborder Tylopoda (order Artiodactyla). Currently living members include domesticated species, DROMEDARIES (with one-hump); BACTRIAN CAMELS (with two humps); LLAMAS; ALPACAS, and wild feral camels; VICUNAS; and GUANACOS. Although they get nutrients from plants by rumination, they evolved separately from the RUMINANTS which have four-chambered stomachs. Camelidae have three-chambered stomachs. HN - 2017 MH - Cancellous Bone UI - D000071556 MN - A10.165.265.414 MS - A type of osseous tissue which makes up the inner part of bone. It has a spongy, honeycomb-like structure with struts or trabecula and contains the BONE MARROW. It has higher rate of BONE REMODELING turnover than CORTICAL BONE. HN - 2017 MH - Cancer Pain UI - D000072716 MN - C10.597.617.185 MN - C23.888.592.612.212 MS - Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS. AN - not for treatment-related pain HN - 2017 MH - Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts UI - D000072645 MN - A11.329.228.105 MS - Subpopulation of heterogeneous fibroblasts within the TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT that support NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION and NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES. HN - 2017 MH - Cannula UI - D000072601 MN - E7.132.125 MS - Short, hollow cylinders or tubes for insertion into a canal, vessel, or body cavity. HN - 2017(1978) MH - Carbonic Anhydrase IX UI - D000071231 MN - D8.811.520.241.300.150.450 MN - D12.776.543.178 MN - D23.50.285.196 MS - A carbonic anhydrase and transmembrane protein that consists of an N-terminal PROTEOGLYCAN-like domain, a catalytic region, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular tail. It functions as a dimer and is expressed primarily by cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; BILE DUCT EPITHELIUM; and GALL BLADDER. It is expressed at high levels in many solid tumors, especially CLEAR CELL RENAL CARCINOMA, in response to CELL HYPOXIA. HN - 2017 MH - Cardiac Rehabilitation UI - D000072038 MN - E2.760.169.63.500.185 MN - E2.831.185 MN - H2.403.680.600.250 MN - N2.421.784.244 MS - Restoration of functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from a CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. It also includes cardiac conditioning and SECONDARY PREVENTION in patients with elevated cardiovascular risk profile. HN - 2017 FX - Recovery of Function MH - Cardiologists UI - D000072096 MN - M1.526.485.810.128 MN - N2.360.810.128 MS - Qualified medical professionals who specialize in preventing and treating disorders of the heart and CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. HN - 2017 MH - Cardiorespiratory Fitness UI - D000072599 MN - G11.427.685.500 MN - I3.450.642.845.54.300 MN - I3.450.642.845.54.800.500 MN - N1.400.150 MN - N1.400.545.500 MS - A measure of the functional capabilities of the heart, lungs and muscles, relative to the demands of specific exercise routines such as running or cycling. HN - 2017 MH - Case Managers UI - D000071959 MN - M1.526.70.245 MN - M1.526.485.215 MN - N2.360.215 MS - Professionals who are in charge of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation, and advocacy for options and services to meet a patient’s and family’s comprehensive health needs. HN - 2017 MH - Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain UI - D000071476 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.395.250 MS - A homotypic protein interaction module of the death domain superfamily. It is composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in sequence and structure to the DEATH DOMAIN and DEATH EFFECTOR DOMAIN. The Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain (CARD domain) typically associates with other CARD-containing proteins, forming either dimers or trimers. CARD domains may occur in isolation, or in combination with other domains in CARD signaling adaptor proteins and initiator CASPASES that function in APOPTOSIS. HN - 2017 FX - CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins MH - CD48 Antigen UI - D000071178 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.180 MN - D12.776.395.550.736.250 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.180 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.180 MN - D12.776.543.550.746.250 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.970.250 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.915.250 MN - D23.101.100.110.935.250 MS - A 40-45 KDa GPI-linked protein in the SLAM family that consists of two IMMUNOGLOBULIN C2-SET DOMAINS. It is expressed on the surface of a variety of cells with immune functions, including THYMOCYTES; mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; MAST CELLS; and EOSINOPHILS. It binds to CD2 and 2B4 (CD244) receptors to activate and modulate the immunologic response. HN - 2017 (1990) MH - CDX2 Transcription Factor UI - D000071616 MN - D12.776.260.400.140 MN - D12.776.660.201 MN - D12.776.930.146 MS - An antennapedia-like homeodomain transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. It plays a critical role in many processes from early differentiation to maintenance of the intestinal epithelial lining of both the small and large intestine. HN - 2017 (1994) MH - Cellulite UI - D000071697 MN - C23.888.885.281 MS - Skin lumpiness or skin surface dimpling often seen on the thighs, buttocks and abdomen. It is due to protrusion of SUBCUTANEOUS FAT into the DERMIS layer of skin. HN - 2017 FX - Cellulitis MH - Cerebral Blood Volume UI - D000071937 MN - G9.188.130.185 MN - G9.330.380.92.185 MS - Volume of circulating blood in a region of the brain. It is a functional measure of the brain perfusion status which relates changes in this to changes in CEREBROVASULAR CIRCULATION that are often seen in brain diseases. HN - 2017 MH - Checkpoint Kinase 1 UI - D000071877 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.143 MS - A serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which is encoded by the CHEK1 gene in humans. Checkpoint kinase 1 (also known as Chk1) coordinates DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoint response. Under these conditions, activation of Chk1 results in the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cell death, to prevent damaged cells from progressing through the cell cycle. HN - 2017 (2004) MH - Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 UI - D000071451 MN - D8.811.277.450.207.500 MN - D12.776.503.70 MS - A lectin that binds CHITIN, but lacks chitinase activity. It may be involved in tissue remodeling and cellular responses to the environment, including the response of type 2 HELPER T-CELLS to INFLAMMATION and sensitization to ALLERGENS. Mutations in the CHI3L1 gene are associated with ASTHMA. HN - 2017 MH - Chocolate UI - D000069956 MN - G7.203.300.195 MN - J2.500.195 MS - Food product prepared from fermenting, roasting, and grinding the seeds of the COCOA plant. HN - 2017; use CACAO 1963-2016 MH - Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase UI - D000072556 MN - D8.244.453.875.500 MN - D8.244.453.915.25 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.497.500 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.915.25 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.875.500 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.915.25 MS - A steroid hydroxylase that functions in CHOLESTEROL homeostasis in the brain. It converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol, which is transported over the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER more rapidly than unmetabolized cholesterol. HN - 2017 (1999) MH - Chromothripsis UI - D000072837 MN - C23.550.210.310 MN - G5.365.590.175.310 MS - Massive number of chromosomal rearrangements and shattering that occurs in cancer cells. The breakpoints are located within one chromosome or chromosome arm. HN - 2017 FX - Genomic Instability MH - Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy UI - D000070627 MN - C10.228.140.199.444.500 MN - C10.228.140.199.500.500 MN - C10.574.250 MN - C10.900.300.87.235.500 MN - C10.900.300.87.250.500 MN - C26.915.300.200.194.500 MN - C26.915.300.200.200.500 MS - Degenerative brain disease linked to repetitive brain trauma. Progressive symptoms may include MEMORY LOSS; AGGRESSION; or DEPRESSION. HN - 2017; for CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; ENCEPHALOPATHY, POST-TRAUMATIC, CHRONIC INJURY, BRAIN, CHRONIC; INJURY, BRAIN, CHRONIC; and TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, CHRONIC; CHRONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, POST-CONCUSSIVE; ENCEPHALOPATHY, POST-CONCUSSIVE; and ENCEPHALOPATHY, POST-TRAUMATIC use BRAIN INJURIES 2000-2016 BX - Encephalopathy, Post-Traumatic, Chronic FX - Brain Concussion MH - Ciliopathies UI - D000072661 MN - C16.131.77.245 MN - C16.320.184 MS - Genetic disorders caused by defects in genes related to the primary CILIUM; BASAL BODY; or CENTROSOME. Obesity, SKELETAL DYSPLASIA  and POLYDACTYLY are not examples of malformation that involve either the liver, eye or kidneys. HN - 2017 FX - Ciliary Motility Disorders MH - Closed Fracture Reduction UI - D000070628 MN - E4.555.300.150 MS - A procedure in which normal alignment of a fractured bone is restored by ORTHOPEDIC MANIPULATION without incision. HN - 2017 FX - Fractures, Closed MH - Cognitive Remediation UI - D000072466 MN - F4.754.137.365 MS - Behavioral treatment that uses drill and practice, compensatory and adaptive strategies to facilitate improvement in targeted learning areas. HN - 2017 MH - Colchicaceae UI - D000070437 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.615.175 MS - A family in the order Liliales. HN - 2017; use LILIACEAE 2003-2016 MH - Collateral Ligament, Ulnar UI - D000070637 MN - A2.513.514.162.250 MN - A2.835.583.512.162.250 MS - The internal lateral ligament that travels from the medial aspect of the ELBOW uniting the distal aspect of the HUMERUS to the proximal aspect of the ULNA. HN - 2017 MH - Computed Tomography Angiography UI - D000072226 MN - E1.370.350.350.810.335 MN - E1.370.350.567.250 MN - E1.370.350.600.350.700.810.335 MN - E1.370.350.700.700.810.335 MN - E1.370.350.700.810.810.568 MN - E1.370.350.825.810.810.499 MS - A non-invasive method that uses a CT scanner for capturing images of blood vessels and tissues. A CONTRAST MATERIAL is injected, which helps produce detailed images that aid in diagnosing VASCULAR DISEASES. HN - 2017 MH - Cone-Rod Dystrophies UI - D000071700 MN - C11.270.152 MN - C11.768.585.658.250 MN - C16.320.290.152 MS - Genetically heterogeneous and sometimes syndromic (e.g., BARDET BIEDL SYNDROME; and SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 7) retinopathies with initial RETINAL CONE involvement. They are characterized by decreased VISUAL ACUITY; COLOR VISION DEFECTS; progressive loss of peripheral vision and night blindness. AN - ROD CONE DYSTROPHIES see RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA is also available HN - 2017; use RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 2011-2016 MH - Connexin 26 UI - D000072259 MN - D12.776.543.585.250.100 MS - A gap junction protein encoded by the Gap Junction Beta 2 or GJB2 gene. In the cochlea and epidermis, its hexamers form channels between cells that open to allow cell-to-cell diffusion of small molecules as well as recycling of potassium. Mutations in Connexin 26 are associated with congenital SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS. HN - 2017 (1993) MH - Conservative Treatment UI - D000072700 MN - E2.197 MS - Therapeutic approaches that are limited, gradual, or well-established as opposed to radical methods. HN - 2017 MH - Coracoid Process UI - D000070597 MN - A2.835.232.87.783.356 MS - A beak-like bone projection located at the lateral end of the superior anterior border of the SCAPULA. HN - 2017 MH - Cortical Bone UI - D000071538 MN - A10.165.265.521 MS - A type of osseous tissue which makes up the outer layer of bone. It is dense, rigid, strong, and forms concentric lamellar OSTEONS. HN - 2017 MH - Cortical Excitability UI - D000071080 MN - G7.265.216 MN - G11.561.200 MS - Measurable changes in activities in the CEREBRAL CORTEX upon a stimulation. A change in cortical excitability as measured by various techniques (e.g., TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION) is associated with brain disorders. HN - 2017 MH - Counselors UI - D000072117 MN - M1.526.225 MS - Professionals trained in providing information, guidance, and recommendations to individual clients or families to support their decision making and development of coping skills. HN - 2017; use COUNSELING 1978-2016 MH - Coxa Magna UI - D000070603 MN - C5.116.296 MS - Deformity of the hip characterized by enlargement and deformation of the FEMUR HEAD and FEMUR NECK, often with associated changes in the ACETABULUM. These changes may be secondary to other diseases (e.g. LEGG-PERTHES DISEASE; ARTHRITIS; HIP DISLOCATION, CONGENITAL) or TRAUMA. HN - 2017 FX - Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses MH - Crush Injuries UI - D000071576 MN - C26.257 MS - Excessive compression of parts of the body that causes muscle swelling, fracture, and/or neurological disturbances in the affected areas. Crush injury with systemic manifestations is referred to as CRUSH SYNDROME. AN - note entry term CRUSH FRACTURES: COMPRESSION FRACTURES is also available HN - 2017 FX - Compartment Syndromes MH - Crystal Arthropathies UI - D000070657 MN - C5.550.354 MS - Joint disorders that are characterized by accumulation of microcrystals in and around the joint including in the SYNOVIAL FLUID. They are classified according to the chemical nature of the crystals such as CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; basic CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; and monosodium urate (see URIC ACID). HN - 2017 MH - Cyclophilin C UI - D000072622 MN - D8.811.399.325.500.400.300.750 MS - A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and member of the cyclophilin family. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of imide-like peptide bonds that occur between PROLINE and other amino acids to facilitate PROTEIN FOLDING. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - CYS2-HIS2 Zinc Fingers UI - D000070580 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.985.250 MS - A zinc finger motif of approximately 30 amino acids with the general sequence X2-Cys-X2,4-Cys-X12-His-X3,4,5-His that forms a simple beta sheet-beta sheet-alpha helix fold stabilized by zinc ions. It recognizes and binds to a variety of eukaryotic DNA sequences and is very common among sequence-specific DNA BINDING PROTEINS and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. HN - 2017 MH - Cystography UI - D000070621 MN - E1.370.350.700.830.500 MN - E1.370.390.830.500 MS - Radiography of the URINARY BLADDER. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 1 UI - D000072461 MN - D8.244.453.100 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.20 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.100 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members function primarily in the metabolism of XENOBIOTICS, including drugs and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 11 UI - D000072476 MN - D8.244.453.484 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.425 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.484 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members localize to the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE where they function in the biosynthesis of STEROIDS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 12 UI - D000072477 MN - D8.244.453.485 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.438 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.485 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that occurs in insects and is expressed in MITOCHONDRIA. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 17 UI - D000072478 MN - D8.244.453.487 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.444 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.487 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that functions in the biosynthesis of STEROIDS and includes STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 19 UI - D000072496 MN - D8.244.453.489 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.447 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.489 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes AROMATASE, which functions in the biosynthesis of ESTROGENS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 2 UI - D000072467 MN - D8.244.453.491 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.450 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.491 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes members which function in the metabolism of STEROIDS; COUMARINS; and NICOTINE. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 21 UI - D000072497 MN - D8.244.453.493 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.463 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.493 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE, which functions in the biosynthesis of STEROIDS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 24 UI - D000072498 MN - D8.244.453.496 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.469 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.496 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes VITAMIN D3 24-HYDROXYLASE. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 26 UI - D000072500 MN - D8.244.453.498 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.485 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.498 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members function in the metabolism of RETINOIC ACID. It includes RETINOIC ACID 4-HYDROXYLASE. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 27 UI - D000072501 MN - D8.244.453.499 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.493 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.499 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members function in VITAMIN D metabolism and the biosynthesis of BILE ACIDS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 3 UI - D000072469 MN - D8.244.453.860 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.495 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.860 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes members with critical functions in the metabolism of drugs and SEX HORMONES. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 4 UI - D000072470 MN - D8.244.453.870 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.496 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.870 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes members which function in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS, especially ARACHIDONIC ACIDS and their derivatives. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 46 UI - D000072503 MN - D8.244.453.875 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.497 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.875 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that includes CHOLESTEROL 24-HYDROXYLASE, which is expressed primarily in the brain and functions in CHOLESTEROL metabolism. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 51 UI - D000072505 MN - D8.244.453.878 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.499 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.878 MS - A cytochrome P450 family that occurs in all EUKARYOTES. Its members function in the biosynthesis of STEROIDS and some are targets of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 6 UI - D000072472 MN - D8.244.453.880 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.880 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.880 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family that occurs in insects. Its members function in the metabolism of XENOBIOTICS. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 7 UI - D000072474 MN - D8.244.453.890 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.890 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.890 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members function as steroid 7-alpha hydroxylases. HN - 2017 MH - Cytochrome P450 Family 8 UI - D000072475 MN - D8.244.453.900 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.900 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.900 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members include prostacyclin synthase and STEROID 12-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE, which function in the biosynthesis of BILE ACIDS. HN - 2017 MH - DEAD Box Protein 58 UI - D000071457 MN - D8.811.913.696.445.735.720.249.750 MS - A DEAD-box RNA helicase that contains an N-terminal DEATH-LIKE DOMAIN, AAA+ ATPase domain, and C-terminal RNA HELICASE activity. It functions as an innate immune receptor through its recognition of viral nucleic acids. It also induces the expression of INTERFERON TYPE I and proinflammatory CYTOKINES. Its ligands include: 5'-triphosphorylated SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA (dsRNA), and short dsRNA (less than 1 kb in length). HN - 2017 MH - Death Domain UI - D000071459 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.395.500 MS - A conserved protein interaction domain of the death domain superfamily that is structurally similar to the DEATH EFFECTOR DOMAIN and CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN. Death domains bind each other to form oligomers and occur on DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTORS, where they are required for APOPTOSIS signaling and non-apoptotic functions. HN - 2017 MH - Death Domain Superfamily UI - D000071458 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.395 MS - A family of structurally-related protein interaction domains characterized by 6-helical closed bundle fold, with Greek key topology and an internal pseudo two-fold symmetry. Death-like domains occur in many proteins that are essential for APOPTOSIS, including CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEINS and DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTORS. HN - 2017 MH - Death Effector Domain UI - D000071461 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.395.750 MS - A homotypic protein interaction module of the death domain superfamily that is composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. The death effector domain shares sequence and structural similarities with the DEATH DOMAIN and CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN. It occurs in many proteins with essential functions in APOPTOSIS. HN - 2017 FX - Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins MH - Degloving Injuries UI - D000069836 MN - C26.808.500 MS - Avulsions of the superficial tissues of SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE from the underlying FASCIA. HN - 2017 MH - Dermatologists UI - D000072085 MN - M1.526.485.810.215 MN - N2.360.810.215 MS - Physicians who specialize in treating disorders of the skin. HN - 2017 MH - Desegregation UI - D000072697 MN - I1.880.735.820.500.250 MS - Ending segregation (separation) of different groups of people, usually based on race, in schools, housing, organizations, etc. HN - 2017; use Race RELATIONS 1988-2016 MH - Deubiquitinating Enzymes UI - D000072017 MN - D8.811.37 MS - Enzymes that remove UBIQUITIN from a protein substrate, including POLYUBIQUITIN, or from other molecules. HN - 2017 MH - Diastasis, Bone UI - D000070631 MN - C5.116.359.192 MN - C26.289.192 MS - Abnormal separation of bones, often from a LIGAMENT. HN - 2017 MH - Diastasis, Muscle UI - D000070630 MN - C5.116.359.288 MN - C26.289.288 MS - Abnormal separation of muscles. HN - 2017 FX - Diastasis, Bone MH - Dibenzofurans UI - D000072318 MN - D3.633.300.258 MS - Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran. HN - 2017 MH - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated UI - D000072338 MN - D2.309.250 MN - D3.633.300.258.500 MS - Dibenzofurans that contain chloride atoms bound to the aromatic rings of the structure. HN - 2017 MH - Diet, Carbohydrate Loading UI - D000070601 MN - E2.642.249.220 MN - G7.203.650.240.120 MS - A diet rich in DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES. HN - 2017 FX - Dietary Carbohydrates MH - Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds UI - D000072316 MN - D2.309 MS - A group of toxic chemical compounds that share chemical structures and biological characteristics that are related to the potent carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - INDEXER: Do not use HN - 2017 MH - Discoidin Domain UI - D000070822 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.219 MS - A protein domain originally identified in DISCOIDINS. It occurs in a variety of unrelated proteins in multicellular organisms, where it recognizes different ligands with distinct biological functions. Structurally, it consists of two antiparallel beta sheets that form a "jellyroll" configuration stabilized by two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Sequence differences within this module determine ligand specificity; in DISCOIDIN DOMAIN RECEPTORS, it binds to FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and NON-FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS. HN - 2017 MH - Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 UI - D000070819 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.05.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.630.05.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.685.50.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.880.300.500 MS - A discoidin domain receptor for FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN that functions in a variety of cellular processes. For example, it regulates cell attachment to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, CELL MIGRATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; and CELL SURVIVAL. HN - 2017 (1999) MH - Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 UI - D000070820 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.05.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.630.05.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.685.50.750 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.880.300.750 MS - A discoidin domain receptor for FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN and non-fibrillar COLLAGEN TYPE X. It functions in many cellular and developmental processes that include remodeling of the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; CELL MIGRATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; and CELL PROLIFERATION; as well as OSTEOGENESIS and the maturation of CHONDROCYTES. HN - 2017 (1999) MH - Discoidin Domain Receptors UI - D000070818 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.05 MN - D12.776.543.750.630.05 MN - D12.776.543.750.685.50 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.880.300 MS - Receptor tyrosine kinases that bind COLLAGENS. They are characterized by the presence of extracellular DISCOIDIN DOMAINS that activate SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS in response to collagen binding. They may also be cleaved by MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES to mediate cell interactions with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HN - 2017 (1999) MH - Discoidins UI - D000070821 MN - D12.776.503.140 MN - D12.776.820.250 MS - Lectins that were identified in DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM. They bind to GALACTOSE and are involved in cell-substratum adhesion, maintenance of morphology during aggregation, and spore formation. HN - 2017 (1980) MH - Dishevelled Proteins UI - D000072261 MN - D12.644.360.24.288 MN - D12.776.157.57.25 MN - D12.776.476.24.376 MS - A family of proteins that are key components of the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY, where they function downstream of FRIZZLED RECEPTORS. They contain an N-terminal dishevelled-AXIN PROTEIN (DIX) domain, which mediates oligomerization; a central PDZ DOMAIN which binds to the frizzled receptor; and a C-terminal DEP domain which facilitates binding to the CELL MEMBRANE. Dishevelled proteins have important functions in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and establishing CELL POLARITY. HN - 2017 (1994) MH - Distracted Driving UI - D000071826 MN - I3.125.474 MS - Behavior which detracts from the focus necessary to operate an automobile safely. HN - 2017 MH - DNA Ligase ATP UI - D000072481 MN - D8.811.74.500.500 MN - D8.811.464.754.600.500 MS - ATP-dependent cellular enzyme which catalyzes DNA replication, repair and recombination through formation of internucleotide ester bonds between phosphate and deoxyribose moieties. Vertebrate cells encode three well-characterized DNA ligases, DNA ligase I, III and IV, all of which are related in structure and sequence. DNA ligases either require ATP or NAD. However, archaebacterial, viral, and some eubacterial DNA ligases are ATP-dependent. HN - 2017 (1986) MH - DNA, Ancient UI - D000072441 MN - D13.444.308.65 MS - DNA isolated from fossils or other ancient specimens. HN - 2017 MH - Domestication UI - D000071278 MN - J1.40.330 MS - A systematic process of adapting wild species of animals and plants into new environments often in close association or proximity to humans. HN - 2017 MH - Donor Conception UI - D000072234 MN - E2.875.800.250 MN - E5.820.800.250 MS - Assisted reproductive techniques where eggs, sperm, both eggs and sperm (double donation), or embryos from donors are used. HN - 2017 MH - Double-Stranded RNA Binding Motif UI - D000071241 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.869.250 MS - An RNA-binding motif characterized by an alpha-beta-beta-beta-alpha fold that binds DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA. It occurs in many eukaryotic proteins as well as in bacterial and viral proteins. HN - 2017 MH - Dynactin Complex UI - D000072159 MN - D5.500.142 MN - D12.776.220.600.450.150 MN - D12.776.631.560.225 MS - A multi-subunit protein of EUKARYOTIC CELLS. It functions in bidirectional intracellular transport of ORGANELLES and CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES by linking them to DYNEIN and KINESIN. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - Dystonin UI - D000071821 MN - D12.776.220.790.625 MS - A plakin characterized by repeat sequences homologous to SPECTRIN and PLECTIN and C-terminal EF HAND MOTIFS. It functions as an integrator of INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, ACTIN and MICROTUBULES in cytoskeleton networks. It is required for anchoring intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton in neural and muscle cells as well as anchoring KERATIN-containing intermediate filaments to HEMIDESMOSOMES in EPITHELIAL CELLS. HN - 2017 MH - Ecological Momentary Assessment UI - D000072860 MN - F4.711.336 MS - Repeated reports by a research participant of symptoms, affect, behavior, and cognition close in time to experience and in the participant's natural environment. HN - 2017 MH - Educational Personnel UI - D000071195 MN - M1.526.702 MS - Professionals responsible for teaching in an institution or place of learning such as a school, college, vocational institute, or university. HN - 2017; use TEACHING 1979-2016 MH - Elbow Tendinopathy UI - D000070639 MN - C5.651.869.435 MN - C26.874.800.500 MS - Inflammation (tendinitis) or degeneration (tendinosis) of the tendons of the elbow. HN - 2017 MH - Emergence Delirium UI - D000071257 MN - C10.597.606.337.500.500 MN - C23.550.767.181 MN - C23.888.592.604.339.500.500 MN - F1.700.250.500.500 MN - F3.615.350.500 MS - A form of DELIRIUM which occurs after GENERAL ANESTHESIA. HN - 2017 MH - Emergency Medical Dispatch UI - D000071820 MN - N2.421.297.43 MS - The mobilization of EMERGENCY CARE to the locations and people that need them. HN - 2017 MH - Emergency Medical Dispatcher UI - D000071822 MN - M1.526.485.349 MS - Professionals responsible for relaying calls for the deployment of EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES. HN - 2017 MH - Emergency Police Dispatcher UI - D000071823 MN - L1.178.272 MN - N2.421.297.127 MS - Services for reporting EMERGENCIES to the police department. HN - 2017 MH - Emotion-Focused Therapy UI - D000071441 MN - F4.754.293 MS - Intervention that relies on free expression of emotions with coaching to enhance awareness of emotional experiences. HN - 2017 MH - Endamoeba histolytica UI - D000071817 MN - B1.46.500.100.700.89.500 MS - Anaerobic parasitic protozoan found in humans and other primates. MH - Endocrinologists UI - D000072097 MN - M1.526.485.810.303 MN - N2.360.810.303 MS - Physicians who specialize in treating ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES. HN - 2017 MH - Endodontists UI - D000072218 MN - M1.526.485.330.397 MN - N2.360.330.397 MS - Dentists specializing in the treatment of injuries and diseases of the DENTAL PULP. HN - 2017; use Dentists 2016 MH - Endoglin UI - D000071063 MN - D12.776.543.750.250 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.294 MN - D23.101.100.110.296 MS - A membrane glycoprotein and ANGIOGENESIS FACTOR that is expressed by cells of the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE; and MONOCYTES. It functions as a co-receptor for TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and modulates CELL ADHESION. Mutations in the endoglin gene are associated with cases of HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA. HN - 2017 MH - Endoscopic Mucosal Resection UI - D000069916 MN - E1.370.372.250.250.250 MN - E1.370.388.250.250.250.230 MN - E4.210.240.250.230 MN - E4.502.250.250.250.230 MS - A method for removing lesions from gastrointestinal MUCOUS MEMBRANES. The mucosal tissue with the lesion is elevated by injecting a solution into the submucosal layer underneath it. The elevated tissue with the lesion is then cut out. HN - 2017 MH - Endothelin-Converting Enzymes UI - D000072396 MN - D8.811.277.656.74.500.270 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.48.270 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.480.229 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.229 MS - Metalloendopeptidases which convert BIG ENDOTHELIN to ENDOTHELIN-1. HN - 2017 (1990) MH - Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein UI - D000071221 MN - D5.500.781.750.250 MN - D8.811.913.555.500.800.400.500.500 MN - D12.776.660.235.600.200.250 MN - D12.776.664.235.800.200.250 MN - D12.776.930.780.890.200.250 MS - A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase and catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. It methylates LYSINE 9 (H3K9me) and LYSINE 27 (H3K27me) of HISTONE H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. EZH2 also methylates non-histone proteins such as GATA4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and the nuclear receptor RORA. It regulates CIRCADIAN CLOCKS via histone methylation at the PROMOTER REGIONS of the circadian genes and its repressive activity is also important for the identity and differentiation of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. HN - 2017 (2005) MH - Enterococcus hirae UI - D000070076 MN - B3.353.750.250.250.475 MN - B3.510.550.250.250.475 MS - A species of Enterococcus that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of birds and mammals, and to a lesser extent humans. Some strains cause diseases including DIARRHEA; BACTEREMIA; and ENDOCARDITIS in humans and animals. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Enthesopathy UI - D000070676 MN - C5.651.869.653 MN - C26.874.800.750 MS - A disorder occurring at the site of insertion of TENDONS or LIGAMENTS into bones or JOINT CAPSULES. HN - 2017; use RHEUMATIC DISEASES 1995-2016 MH - Epidemiologists UI - D000072158 MN - M1.526.485.353 MN - N2.360.345 MS - Qualified medical professionals who study the causes, incidence, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks or other health-related conditions and determine the interrelationships of hosts, agents, and environment related to the distribution and control of diseases. HN - 2017 MH - Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule UI - D000071858 MN - D12.776.395.550.200.263 MN - D12.776.543.550.200.263 MN - D23.50.285.357 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.300 MN - D23.50.301.350.263 MN - D23.101.100.110.301 MS - A cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on the membranes of nearly all EPITHELIAL CELLS, especially at the junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and intraepithelial LYMPHOCYTES. It also is expressed on the surface of ADENOCARCINOMA and epithelial tumor cells. It may function in the MUCOSA through homophilic interactions to provide a barrier against infection. It also regulates the proliferation and differentiation of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. HN - 2017 (1989) MH - ERG1 Potassium Channel UI - D000072237 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249.500 MS - One of three members of the ether-a-go-go (EAG) POTASSIUM CHANNELS gene family comprising ether-a-go-go (eag), eag-like (elk) and eag-related (erg) subfamilies. Ether-a-go-go-related gene 1 (ERG1) also known as KCNH2, encodes the pore-forming subunit of a rapidly activating-delayed rectifier potassium channel that plays an essential role in the final repolarization of ventricular action potential. Loss-of-function mutations in human hERG1 is associated with life-threatening ARRHYTHMIA. HN - 2017 (2001) MH - Eryptosis UI - D000072817 MN - G4.146.160.295 MS - Suicidal death of ERYTHROCYTES which results in features typical of apoptotic nucleated cells such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and scrambling of cell membrane to expose membrane PHOSPHATIDYLSERINES, which triggers engulfment and degradation by MACROPHAGES. HN - 2017 MH - Escherichia coli O104 UI - D000069981 MN - B3.440.450.425.325.300.800.250.250 MN - B3.660.250.150.180.100.800.250.250 MS - An enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of the O subfamily that can cause severe FOODBORNE DISEASE. The H4 serotype strain produces SHIGA TOXINS and has been linked to human disease outbreaks, including some cases of HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME, resulting from contamination of foods by feces containing E. coli O104. AN - infection: coordinate IM with ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Esophageal Mucosa UI - D000071041 MN - A3.556.875.500.180 MN - A10.615.550.146 MS - Circular innermost layer of the ESOPHAGUS wall that mediates esophageal PERISTALSIS which pushes ingested food bolus toward the stomach. HN - 2017 MH - ETS Motif UI - D000071419 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.360.360.500 MS - A helix-turn-helix motif characterized by three alpha-helices and four-stranded beta-sheets arranged in the order alpha1-beta1-beta2-alpha2-alpha3-beta3-beta4. The third alpha-helix contacts the major groove of DNA. The ETS motif and the flanking amino acid sequences of Ets proteins influence the binding affinity, and the alteration of a single amino acid in the Ets domain can change its DNA binding specificity. HN - 2017 FX - Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 MH - Expropriation UI - D000070337 MN - I1.261.506 MS - Taking of goods, property, or right of use by GOVERNMENT or others. HN - 2017 MH - Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli UI - D000072282 MN - B3.440.450.425.325.300.580 MN - B3.660.250.150.180.100.580 MS - Strains of Escherichia coli that possess virulence traits which allow them to invade, colonize, and induce disease in tissues outside of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. They are a cause of URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI); neonatal MENINGITIS; SEPSIS; PNEUMONIA; and SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION. AN - infection: coordinate with ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS HN - 2017 MH - Extreme Environments UI - D000071251 MN - G16.500.275.260 MS - An ENVIRONMENT which falls outside the range of tolerance for the survival of organisms that are not specifically adapted to survive or thrive in it. Examples of such environments are among the hottest and coldest places on earth. HN - 2017 MH - Extremophiles UI - D000071825 MN - B5.256 MS - Organisms specifically adapted to live in EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS. HN - 2017 FX - Extreme Environments MH - Faculty, Pharmacy UI - D000071216 MN - M1.526.702.250.736 MS - Teaching and administrative staff having academic rank in a pharmacy school or department. HN - 2017; was heading 1968-1985, use FACULTY 1986-2016 MH - Faecalibacterium UI - D000070036 MN - B3.353.625.766 MN - B3.440.425.410.413 MS - A genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, anaerobic, rod shaped bacteria in the Ruminococcaceae family, order Clostridiales that occur in the human gut. HN - 2017 MH - Faecalibacterium prausnitzii UI - D000070037 MN - B3.353.625.766.500 MN - B3.440.425.410.413.500 MS - A species of Faecalbacterium, previously classified in the FUSOBACTERIUM genus, that is a major constituent of the GUT MICROBIOTA in healthy humans. It has anti-inflammatory activity and reduced numbers of this species occur in patients with INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES such as CROHN DISEASE. HN - 2017 MH - Familial Multiple Lipomatosis UI - D000071070 MN - C16.320.298 MN - C17.800.463.375 MN - C18.452.584.718.625 MS - A rare autosomal disorder characterized by numerous encapsulated lipomas on the trunk and extremities. The lipomas are usually not painful but can cause pain when growing. In rare cases, one lipoma can become painful and progress to multiple painful lipomas; it is then referred to as Dercum's Disease Type III HN - 2017 MH - Farms UI - D000072480 MN - J3.540.150 MS - Areas of land set aside to grow crops or raise LIVESTOCK. HN - 2017; use AGRICULTURE 2016 MH - Fasciotomy UI - D000071938 MN - E4.321 MS - Surgical incision on the FASCIA. It is used to decompress compartment pressure (e.g. in COMPARTMENT SYNDROMES; circumferential burns and extremity injuries) or to release contractures (e.g. in DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE). HN - 2017 FX - Fascia MH - Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7 UI - D000071438 MN - D12.776.157.170.250 MN - D12.776.631.274 MS - A fatty acid-binding protein expressed by ASTROCYTES during CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM development, and by MALIGNANT GLIOMA cells. It is also expressed by ASTROCYTES in response to injury or ISCHEMIA, and may function in repair of the MYELIN SHEATH. HN - 2017 MH - Fertilins UI - D000072196 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.750 MN - D9.400.430.500.750 MN - D12.776.395.33.750 MN - D12.776.395.550.331 MS - Sperm surface proteins involved in sperm-egg fusion. They consist of two subunits, fertilin alpha (ADAM1a) and beta (ADAM2), both of which belong to the metalloprotease-disintegrin protein family. The beta subunit does not have catalytic activity. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - Fibrillin-1 UI - D000071838 MN - D9.400.430.875.500 MN - D12.776.395.341.500 MN - D12.776.860.300.400.500 MS - A fibrillin (FBN1) that functions as a structural support protein for MICROFIBRILS. It also regulates the maturation of OSTEOBLASTS by controlling the availability and concentration of TGF-BETA and BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. Mutations in the FBN1 gene are associated with MARFAN SYNDROME. HN - 2017; use FIBRILLIN 1985-2016 MH - Fibrillin-2 UI - D000071840 MN - D9.400.430.875.750 MN - D12.776.395.341.750 MN - D12.776.860.300.400.750 MS - A fibrillin (FBN2) that functions to regulate the assembly of ELASTIC FIBERS. Mutations in the FBN2 gene are associated with congenital contractural ARACHNODACTYLY. HN - 2017; use FIBRILLIN 1985-2016 MH - Fibrillins UI - D000071837 MN - D9.400.430.875 MN - D12.776.395.341 MN - D12.776.860.300.400 MS - A family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins that is structurally similar to LATENT TGF-BETA BINDING PROTEINS, but contain additional TGF-beta binding domains, in addition to unique domains at their N and C-terminals. Fibrillins assemble into 10-12 nm MICROFIBRILS that function in a variety of cell interactions with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and developmental processes such as ELASTIC TISSUE maintenance and assembly, and the targeting of growth factors to the extracellular matrix. HN - 2017; use FIBRILLIN 1985-2016 MH - Fibromatosis, Plantar UI - D000071380 MN - C4.557.450.565.590.340.705 MN - C5.360.375 MN - C5.651.197.369 MN - C17.300.349 MN - C17.800.321.63 MS - A fibromatosis of the plantar fascia characterized by thickening of the fibrous bands on the plantar aponeurosis in the sole of the foot and toes. HN - 2017 MH - Fibromodulin UI - D000071235 MN - D9.698.735.700.813 MN - D12.776.395.650.875.625 MN - D12.776.860.300.806.813 MS - A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that contains 4 KERATAN SULFATE chains within the leucine repeat region. It interacts with COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils and may function to control the rate of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX assembly. It also sequesters TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA in the extracellular matrix. HN - 2017 (1989) MH - Fibronectin Type III Domain UI - D000071238 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.250.500 MS - A highly conserved immunoglobulin-like protein domain of about 100 amino acids that forms a beta sandwich structure. HN - 2017 MH - Fiscal Policy UI - D000070586 MN - I1.655.125 MS - Use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. HN - 2017 MH - Fitness Trackers UI - D000072936 MN - E7.230.300 MS - Devices used for measuring physical activity as an indication of HEALTH STATUS. HN - 2017 MH - Forkhead Box Protein M1 UI - D000072278 MN - D12.776.260.950.249.63 MN - D12.776.930.977.249.63 MS - A forkhead box transcription factor that is expressed primarily in adult organs which contain proliferating cells such as the thymus, testis, ovary, and small intestine. It controls the expression of CELL CYCLE genes essential for DNA REPLICATION and MITOSIS, and also functions in DNA REPAIR. HN - 2017 MH - Forkhead Box Protein O1 UI - D000071161 MN - D12.776.260.950.249.250 MN - D12.776.930.977.249.250 MS - A forkhead box transcription factor that is a major target of INSULIN signaling and regulator of metabolic homeostasis in response to OXIDATIVE STRESS. It binds to the insulin RESPONSE ELEMENT (IRE) and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE). Its activity is suppressed by insulin and it also regulates OSTEOBLAST proliferation, controls bone mass, and skeletal regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism. It promotes GLUCONEOGENESIS in HEPATOCYTES and regulates gene expression in ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is also an important CELL DEATH regulator. Chromosomal aberrations involving the FOXO1 gene occur in RHABDOMYOSARCOMA. HN - 2017 MH - Forkhead Box Protein O3 UI - D000071316 MN - D12.776.260.950.249.125 MN - D12.776.930.977.249.125 MS - A forkhead box transcription factor and transcriptional activator which triggers type 1 programmed cell death (APOPTOSIS) in the absence of APOPTOSIS INHIBITING PROTEINS, including neuronal cell death induced by OXIDATIVE STRESS. It recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-(AG)TAAA(TC)A-3' and also functions in post-transcriptional regulation of the c-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE. HN - 2017 MH - Fracture Dislocation UI - D000072039 MN - C5.116.359.336 MN - C26.289.336 MN - C26.404.26 MS - Fracture of a bone near an articulation with concomitant dislocation of that joint. HN - 2017 MH - Fractures, Avulsion UI - D000071562 MN - C26.404.38 MS - Tearing away of the CORTICAL BONE fragment at the location of a strong ligament or tendon attachment. The bone fragment detachment site often occurs near a soft site (e.g., GROWTH PLATE) at the base where LIGAMENTS; TENDONS; or JOINT CAPSULES attach. In younger patients it is most often caused by a sudden forceful pull on a tendon in the opposite direction of the bone movement. In the elderly it is associated with osteoporotic INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES. HN - 2017 MH - Fused-Ring Compounds UI - D000072473 MN - D4.210 MS - Polycyclic compounds with adjacent rings that share the same two adjacent atoms. HN - 2017 FX - Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring FX - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons MH - Gardens UI - D000072506 MN - J1.40.415 MN - J3.320 MS - Places provided for the cultivation and/or display of PLANTS. HN - 2017; use AGRICULTURE 2016 MH - Gastroenterologists UI - D000072102 MN - M1.526.485.810.438 MN - N2.360.810.438 MS - Physicians who specialize in treating diseases of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. HN - 2017 MH - Gene Editing UI - D000072669 MN - E5.393.420.270 MS - Genetic engineering techniques that involve DNA REPAIR mechanisms for incorporating site-specific modifications into a cell's genome. HN - 2017 FX - CRISPR-Cas Systems FX - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed MH - Gentianales UI - D000070677 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.456 MS - An angiosperm plant order that includes the APOCYNACEAE; ASCLEPIADACEAE; GENTIANACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE families. HN - 2017 MH - Geriatricians UI - D000072219 MN - M1.526.485.810.533 MN - N2.360.810.533 MS - Physicians specializing in physiological and pathological aspects of aging and the aged, including the clinical problems of senescence and senility. HN - 2017 MH - Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath UI - D000070779 MN - C4.557.450.565.380.690 MN - C5.550.870.445 MN - C5.651.869.762 MS - A tumor arising in the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath. It is characterized by OSTEOCLAST-like GIANT CELLS; FOAM CELLS; pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-laden MACROPHAGES and inflammatory infiltrate. It is classified either as diffuse or localized tenosynovitis. HN - 2017 MH - Giant Viruses UI - D000072139 MN - B4.280.356 MS - DNA viruses that have genomes up to several megabases in length and infect primarily single-celled EUKARYOTES. HN - 2017 MH - Gizzard, Non-avian UI - D000070559 MN - A13.433 MS - A component of the gastrointestinal tract of some reptiles (ALLIGATORS AND CROCODILES), as well as certain fish, mollusks, and insects. It functions to mechanically grind food. HN - 2017 FX - Gizzard, Avian MH - Global Burden of Disease UI - D000071219 MN - N5.425.184 MN - N6.850.520.308.980.438.475.91 MS - Measure of the burden of disease using the disability-adjusted-life-year (DALY). This time-based measure combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years of life lost due to time lived in states of less than full health. The metric was developed to assess the burden of disease consistently across diseases, risk factors and regions. HN - 2017 MH - Glycodelin UI - D000071816 MN - D12.776.157.469.50 MN - D12.776.395.361 MN - D12.776.780.426 MS - A lipocalin that is the most abundant protein synthesized and secreted by the ENDOMETRIUM from mid-LUTEAL PHASE of the MENSTRUAL CYCLE through early PREGNANCY. HN - 2017 MH - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta UI - D000071679 MN - D5.500.117.875.500 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500.500 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625.500 MN - D12.644.360.300.500.500 MN - D12.776.476.81.875.500 MN - D12.776.476.300.500.500 MS - A glycogen synthase kinase-3 type enzyme that functions in ENERGY METABOLISM; EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; and NEUROGENESIS. It is also involved in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS and regulates cell growth and proliferation as a component of the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY and other signaling pathways. Certain polymorphisms in the GSK3B gene have been associated with PARKINSON DISEASE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; and BIPOLAR DISORDER. HN - 2017 (2002) MH - Government Employees UI - D000071296 MN - M1.526.446 MS - Persons employed by the GOVERNMENT. HN - 2017; see OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS 1998-2016 MH - Gracilis Muscle UI - D000071976 MN - A2.633.567.425 MS - A slender and most superficial muscle in the inner THIGH which originates at the ramus of the PUBIC BONE near the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS and inserts at the proximal medial TIBIA. Its function is to abduct thigh, flex knee, and rotate leg medially. It is a common source of a MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP. HN - 2017 MH - Grid Cells UI - D000071038 MN - A8.675.324 MN - A11.671.322 MS - Neurons in the ENTORHINAL CORTEX that project to the HIPPOCAMPUS. Grid cells and PLACE CELLS play a role in cognitive representation of spatial memory and navigation. HN - 2017 MH - Gubernaculum UI - D000071477 MN - A16.551 MS - An embryonic structure that helps guide proper descent of gonads into their final positions. It attaches the caudal end of the fetal GONADS to the developing SCROTUM in male and the labium majorum in female. It gives rise to the caudal ligaments of the gonad: the scrotal ligament in male and the uterine round and proper ovarian ligaments in female. It includes morphofunctional equivalent structures in non-mammals. HN - 2017 FX - Cryptorchidism MH - Hamstring Muscles UI - D000070633 MN - A2.633.567.450 MN - A10.690.552.500.250 MS - A group of muscles in the posterior THIGH area that are involved in connecting the KNEE JOINT and the PELVIS. HN - 2017 MH - Hamstring Tendons UI - D000070632 MN - A2.880.307 MS - A group of tendons that attach the HAMSTRING MUSCLES proximally to the PELVIS and to the TIBIA and FIBULA at the KNEE JOINT. HN - 2017 MH - Harassment, Non-Sexual UI - D000071277 MN - F1.145.813.213 MS - The act of systematic and/or continuous unwanted and irritating actions of a non-sexual nature, by a party or group against another. This behavior may include threats, BULLYING, taunts, blackmail, and demands. AN - SEXUAL HARASSMENT is also available HN - 2017; use SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 1992-2016 BX - Harassment, Nonsexual MH - Healthy Diet UI - D000072001 MN - F1.829.458.205.500 MN - G7.203.650.240.629 MS - Dietary patterns which have been found to be important in reducing disease risk. HN - 2017 MH - Healthy Lifestyle UI - D000070497 MN - F1.829.458.205 MS - A pattern of behavior involving LIFE STYLE choices which ensure optimum health. Examples are eating right; maintaining physical, emotional, and spiritual wellness, and taking preemptive steps against communicable diseases. HN - 2017 FX - Health Behavior MH - Heart Rate Determination UI - D000070276 MN - E1.370.370.380.425 MN - E1.370.600.315 MS - Methods, techniques, and processes by which HEART RATE is measured. HN - 2017 FX - Heart Rate FX - Pulse MH - Hemochromatosis Protein UI - D000071020 MN - D12.776.395.550.489.200 MN - D12.776.543.550.439.200 MN - D23.50.301.500.100.363 MN - D23.50.705.552.100.375 MS - A membrane protein and MHC class I antigen. It contains an IMMUNOGLOBULIN C1-SET DOMAIN and interacts with BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN. It may also regulate the interaction of TRANSFERRIN with the TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR. Mutations in the HFE gene are associated with cases of FAMILIAL HEMOCHROMATOSIS. HN - 2017 MH - Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 UI - D000072596 MN - D12.776.395.550.469 MN - D12.776.543.550.435 MN - D12.776.543.750.830.187 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.320 MN - D23.101.100.110.320 MS - An Ig domain-containing membrane receptor for HEPATITIS A VIRUS; EBOLA VIRUS; MARBURG VIRUS; and DENGUE VIRUS. It may also function to modulate ASTHMA and HYPERSENSITIVITY. HN - 2017 FX - Immunoglobulin Domains MH - Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 UI - D000072597 MN - D12.776.395.550.479 MN - D12.776.543.550.437 MN - D12.776.543.750.830.219 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.325 MN - D23.101.100.110.325 MS - An Ig domain-containing membrane receptor that is expressed by TH1 CELLS. It regulates the activation of MACROPHAGES and inhibits TH1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses to promote IMMUNE TOLERANCE. HN - 2017 FX - Immunoglobulin Domains MH - Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring UI - D000072471 MN - D3.633 MS - Multiple ring heterocyclic compounds containing two or more rings that share two atoms and one bond in common. AN - general or unspecified; prefer specifics HN - 2017 FX - Fused-Ring Compounds FX - Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring MH - High Fidelity Simulation Training UI - D000070856 MN - I2.903.847.250 MS - A controlled learning environment that closely represents reality. HN - 2017 FX - Nursing Education Research MH - High-Intensity Interval Training UI - D000072696 MN - G11.427.410.698.277.187 MN - I3.350.187 MS - A cardiovascular exercise strategy with alternating short periods of intense anaerobic exercise with less-intense recovery periods. HN - 2017 MH - Histidine Kinase UI - D000071677 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.675 MS - A member of the transferase superfamily of proteins. In the activated state, protein-histidine kinase autophosphorylates at a histidine residue, subsequently transferring high-energy phosphoryl groups to an aspartate residue of the response-regulator domain, which results in a conformational shift in the effector domain. Histidine kinases mediate signal transduction in a wide range of processes involving cellular adaptation to environmental stress. HN - 2017 (1986) MH - Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 UI - D000072576 MN - D12.776.260.400.234 MN - D12.776.930.324 MS - A homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions in heart development. Mutations in the NKX2-5 gene are associated with ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS and TETRALOGY OF FALLOT. HN - 2017 MH - Homer Scaffolding Proteins UI - D000072233 MN - D12.776.476.24.381 MS - Homer proteins belong to a family of adaptor and scaffold proteins which include Homer1, Homer2 and Homer3. Homer1 and Homer2 play a role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, whereas Homer3 functions in stimulating changes in actin dynamics in neurons and T-cells. Homer proteins are best known as scaffold proteins at the post-synaptic density where they facilitate synaptic signaling. They function as a molecular switch in metabotropic glutamate receptor (MGluR) signaling, and are associated with human Fragile X syndrome. HN - 2017 (1997) MH - Host-Seeking Behavior UI - D000072777 MN - F1.145.113.111.527 MN - G16.559 MS - Searching behavior by parasitic or commensal organisms, to find animals or plants that are a source of nourishment and habitation. HN - 2017 MH - Huntingtin Protein UI - D000071058 MN - D12.776.441 MS - A protein that is highly expressed in the nervous system as well as other tissues; its size and structure vary due to polymorphisms. Expanded CAG TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEATS have been identified in the Huntingtin (HD) Gene of patients with HUNTINGTON DISEASE and are associated with abnormal PROTEIN AGGREGATES. Huntingtin interacts with proteins involved in a variety of gene expression and cellular processes; it is also essential for embryonic development. HN - 2017 MH - Hyperekplexia UI - D000071017 MN - C10.228.590 MS - A neurological disorder characterized by an excessive startle reaction with ABNORMAL REFLEX; MYOCLONIC JERKS; and MUSCLE HYPERTONIA. HN - 2017; use STIFF PERSON SYNDROME 2000-2016 MH - Hypophysitis UI - D000072659 MN - C10.228.140.617.738.275 MN - C19.700.419 MS - Inflammation of the PITUITARY GLAND. HN - 2017 MH - Hypoxidaceae UI - D000070476 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.99.230 MS - A family of perennial herbaceous plants, in the order Asparagales, with the underground storage organs, rhizomes or corms. HN - 2017 MH - Immunogenicity, Vaccine UI - D000071497 MN - G12.70.500 MN - G12.450.50.370.500 MN - G12.450.50.460 MN - G12.513 MS - The capacity of VACCINES to stimulate the ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE to produce antibodies and antigen-specific T-CELL responses. HN - 2017 MH - Immunoglobulin Domains UI - D000070557 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.250 MS - Compact globular protein domains of about 80 to 110 amino acids.They are characterized by two antiparallel beta sheets stabilized by HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS and disulfide bonds between opposing strands. Three major subtypes of Ig domains are recognized: variable (V), intermediate (I), and constant (C1 or C2). Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily include ANTIGEN RECEPTORS; CYTOKINE RECEPTORS; and CELL ADHESION MOLECULES which possess immunoglobulin domains. HN - 2017 FX - Immunoglobulin Constant Regions FX - Immunoglobulin Variable Region MH - In Vivo Dosimetry UI - D000072231 MN - E5.799.638.511 MS - A procedure to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by the body during RADIOTHERAPY by DOSIMETERS in the patient’s skin or natural cavities. HN - 2017 FX - Body Burden MH - Inbreeding Depression UI - D000071422 MN - G5.410 MS - A reduced GENETIC VARIATION and GENETIC FITNESS due to INBREEDING. HN - 2017 MH - Independent Medical Evaluation UI - D000070536 MN - N5.715.360.425 MS - An assessment of HEALTH STATUS requested by third parties (e.g. insurers, adjudicating bodies, law enforcement, attorneys, etc) on a subject’s functional ability. Such information may be used in optimizing treatment or making informed decisions on compensation. HN - 2017 FX - Physical Examination MH - Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype UI - D000071225 MN - B4.820.545.405.400.598 MS - A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS that is highly virulent in poultry and wild birds, but shows varying degrees of pathogenicity in mice. The H5N8 virus subtype has a polybasic amino acid motif at the HA cleavage site which explains its pathogenicity in birds, and expresses surface proteins HEMAGGLUTININ 5 and NEURAMINIDASE 8 which are typical of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses. AN - infection: coordinate with INFLUENZA, HUMAN in humans, or INFLUENZA IN BIRDS in birds, or ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS in other animals HN - 2017 MH - Informal Sector UI - D000070100 MN - I1.791.500 MS - A component of the private sector characterized by ease of entry; reliance on indigenous resources; family ownership; small scale operations; skills acquired outside of the formal sector; and unregulated markets. HN - 2017 MH - Infradian Rhythm UI - D000071217 MN - G7.180.562.595 MS - A biological rhythm with a period longer than 24 hours. HN - 2017 MH - Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatases UI - D000072181 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.624.500 MS - Phosphoinositide phosphatases that catalyze the removal of the 5' phosphate from INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE or myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, resulting in inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and phosphate. They have important functions in the metabolism of INOSITOL PHOSPHATES and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling pathways such as CALCIUM SIGNALING. HN - 2017 (1987) MH - Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 UI - D000072640 MN - D8.811.913.696.445.735.720.249.875 MS - A DEAD box RNA helicase that contains two N-terminal CASPASE ACTIVATION AND RECRUITMENT DOMAINS. It functions as a sensor of viral NUCLEIC ACIDS such as DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA and activates the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE by inducing the expression of INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA. It may also regulate cell growth and APOPTOSIS. HN - 2017 MH - Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein UI - D000072179 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.375 MS - A receptor for INTERLEUKIN-33 that is related structurally to the interleukin-1 receptor. It contains three extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN-LIKE DOMAIN regions and associates with INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN upon binding IL-33 to initiate signaling. It may function in the response of HELPER T CELLS to INFLAMMATION. HN - 2017 MH - Intersectoral Collaboration UI - D000070516 MN - N4.226 MS - Cooperative actions and ventures among health and health-related groups and organizations intended to improve health outcomes. HN - 2017 MH - Invasive Fungal Infections UI - D000072742 MN - C1.703.492 MS - Mycoses which manifest as infections of deep tissue or blood. AN - coordinate with specific fungal infection HN - 2017 MH - Jagged-1 Protein UI - D000072100 MN - D12.644.276.930.500 MN - D12.776.157.125.797.500 MN - D12.776.543.800.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.438 MN - D23.101.100.110.438 MN - D23.529.930.500 MS - A serrate-jagged protein that functions as a ligand for NOTCH RECEPTORS. It may regulate CELL DIFFERENTIATION in HEMATOPOIESIS and PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Mutations in the Jagged-1 gene are associated with ALAGILLE SYNDROME 1. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - Jagged-2 Protein UI - D000072101 MN - D12.644.276.930.750 MN - D12.776.157.125.797.750 MN - D12.776.543.800.750 MN - D23.529.930.750 MS - A serrate-jagged protein that functions to modulate signal transduction from NOTCH RECEPTORS in CELL DIFFERENTIATION. It may also regulate the expression of CYTOKINES. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - Kefir UI - D000070716 MN - G7.203.100.700.375 MN - G7.203.300.350.300.666 MN - G7.203.300.350.525.375 MN - J2.200.700.375 MN - J2.500.350.300.666 MN - J2.500.350.525.375 MS - A beverage made from milk fermented by a mixture of endogenous LACTIC ACID-producing yeast and bacteria (KEFIR GRAINS), many of which are PROBIOTICS. It should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or KAFFIR CORN. HN - 2017; use MILK 1998-2003 and CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS 2004-2016 MH - Kelch Repeat UI - D000071776 MN - G2.111.570.60.720.273 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.500 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.448 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.875.273 MS - An amino acid sequence of about 50 residues long that is composed of X n-long repeats which form a four-stranded anti-parallel BETA-SHEET as a structural component, or blade, of a beta-propeller. HN - 2017 MH - Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 UI - D000072019 MN - D12.644.360.24.306 MN - D12.776.157.57.67 MN - D12.776.476.24.387 MS - An adaptor protein characterized by an N-terminal BTB-POZ DOMAIN and six KELCH REPEATS that functions as a substrate for the E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE complex. It negatively-regulates NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 by targeting it for ubiquitination and degradation by the PROTEASOME. It also represses genes regulated by ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENTS. HN - 2017 MH - Kinanthropometry UI - D000070496 MN - E1.370.600.24.450 MN - N6.850.505.200.100.700 MS - A measure of human size, shape, proportion, composition, maturation, and gross function; in relation to body movement, physical exercise, fitness, and performance. HN - 2017 MH - Koumiss UI - D000070736 MN - G7.203.100.700.438 MN - G7.203.300.350.300.777 MN - G7.203.300.350.525.438 MN - J2.200.700.438 MN - J2.500.350.300.777 MN - J2.500.350.525.438 MS - A beverage made from horse's milk that is fermented by endogenous LACTIC ACID-producing bacteria and ETHANOL-producing yeast. HN - 2017 MH - Ku Autoantigen UI - D000072200 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.159.155 MN - D8.811.399.340.155 MN - D12.776.260.525 MN - D12.776.660.625.625 MN - D23.50.290.625 MS - An ATP-dependent DNA HELICASE that preferentially binds SINGLE-STRANDED DNA. It is a heterodimer consisting of an 80 kDa subunit (XRCC5) and 70 kDa subunit (XRCC6) that functions with DNA LIGASE IV in the repair of DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA BREAKS and V(D)J RECOMBINATION. HN - 2017 (1986) MH - Laboratory Critical Values UI - D000071117 MN - E1.370.225.828 MN - E5.200.828 MS - Test results which deviate substantially from normal ranges of REFERENCE VALUES or other qualitative results. They trigger CLINICAL LABORATORY SERVICES to place a special alert to ensure PATIENT SAFETY. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus crispatus UI - D000070003 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.238 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.238 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.238 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the VAGINA of healthy women. It produces LACTIC ACID and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, and is used as a PROBIOTIC. It is also used for the treatment and prevention of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus gasseri UI - D000069998 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.363 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.363 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.363 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the human ORAL MUCOSA; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; and VAGINA. It produces BACTERIOCINS, can modulate the immune response, and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus johnsonii UI - D000069999 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.453 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.453 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.453 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and VAGINA. It produces BACTERIOCINS and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus paracasei UI - D000069980 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.559 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.559 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.559 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the GUT MICROBIOTA of healthy humans as well as FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS and fermented vegetables. It is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus pentosus UI - D000070018 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.586 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.586 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.586 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in fermented foods where its ability to produce LACTIC ACID; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and BACTERIOCINS make it useful as a FOOD PRESERVATION agent. It is also used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus sakei UI - D000070256 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.775 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.775 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.775 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in fermented meat and fish. It produces the BACTERIOCIN Sakacin P and is used for FOOD PRESERVATION and as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Lactobacillus salivarius UI - D000069996 MN - B3.353.750.450.475.850 MN - B3.510.460.400.410.475.475.850 MN - B3.510.550.450.475.850 MS - A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and ORAL MUCOSA. It produces BACTERIOCINS and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults UI - D000071698 MN - C18.452.394.750.714 MN - C19.246.656 MN - C20.111.576 MS - Autoimmune diabetes in adults with slowly progressive PANCREATIC BETA CELL failure and the presence of circulating autoantibodies to PANCREATIC ISLETS cell antigens. HN - 2017 MH - Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 UI - D000071158 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.534 MN - D12.776.637.750 MS - A serine/threonine protein kinase with GTPase activity that contains 12 LEUCINE-rich repeats in its central region and 7 WD repeats C-terminal to its kinase and GTPase domains. It localizes to TRANSPORT VESICLES; the OUTER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE; and the GOLGI APPARATUS. It functions in PROTEIN TRANSPORT; regulates neuron morphology in the central nervous system, and also functions in the trafficking of SYNAPTIC VESICLES. Mutations in the LRRK2 gene have been identified in autosomal dominant cases of PARKINSON DISEASE (PARK8). HN - 2017 MH - Leuconostoc mesenteroides UI - D000070007 MN - B3.353.750.475.450.500 MN - B3.510.550.475.450.500 MS - A species of Leuconostoc that occurs on fruits and vegetables and in their fermented products, as well as FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS. It produces LACTIC ACID and BACTERIOCINS and is used as a PROBIOTIC; however, it has also caused infections in immunocompromised patients. HN - 2017 MH - Life History Traits UI - D000071421 MN - G5.45.513 MN - G16.575 MS - Morphological or behavioral traits influenced by various living conditions that a population encounters especially as it pertains to REPRODUCTION and survival of the population (see POPULATION DYNAMICS) such as age at first reproductive event, number and size of offspring, and lifespan. HN - 2017 FX - Life Cycle Stages FX - Population Dynamics MH - Liliales UI - D000070396 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.615 MS - An order of monocots that grow from bulbs or corms, as herbs or vines. HN - 2017 MH - Lipid Droplet Associated Proteins UI - D000070136 MN - D12.776.157.464 MS - Proteins, such as PERILIPINS, that localize to LIPID DROPLETS either transiently or constitutively. HN - 2017 MH - Lipocalin-2 UI - D000071068 MN - D12.776.124.50.475 MN - D12.776.157.469.325 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.123 MS - A lipocalin of approximately 200 amino acids that functions as an iron transporter and is expressed by cells of BONE MARROW and many other cells with secretory functions. It is involved in APOPTOSIS and may function to limit pathogenic bacterial growth as part of the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE. HN - 2017 MH - Liver X Receptors UI - D000071518 MN - D12.776.260.531 MN - D12.776.826.194 MS - Nuclear receptors that bind OXYSTEROLS and function as heterodimers with RETINOID X RECEPTORS. They have important functions in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, ENERGY METABOLISM; INFLAMMATION; and the immune response. HN - 2017 (2002) MH - Loteae UI - D000070116 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.401.544 MS - A tribe of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, a member of this tribe and formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA). AN - note entry terms LOTUS JAPONICUS and LOTUS CORNICULATUS: lotus seeds and lotus nuts are from a different plant genus, NELUMBO, especially NELUMBO NUCIFERA HN - 2017 BX - Trefoil MH - Lumican UI - D000071234 MN - D9.698.735.700.875 MN - D12.776.395.650.875.750 MN - D12.776.860.300.806.875 MS - A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that contains 10 tandem leucine repeats and four N-linked sites within the leucine repeat region that may be substituted with KERATAN SULFATE. These properties and its horseshoe shape allow it to mediate interactions among COLLAGEN molecules within fibrils. It is expressed in most mesenchymal tissues as well as the CORNEA, where it functions to maintain transparency. HN - 2017 (1978) MH - Lymphadenopathy UI - D000072281 MN - C15.604.338 MS - Disease of LYMPH NODES which are abnormal in size, number or consistency. HN - 2017; use LYMPHATIC DISEASES 1998-2016 MH - Lysine Acetyltransferases UI - D000070837 MN - D8.811.913.50.134.415 MS - Acetyltransferases that can transfer an acyl group to specific LYSINE residues within HISTONES (HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES) and/or non-histone proteins. HN - 2017 MH - Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities UI - D000072499 MN - J3.540 MS - Places provided for the processing, fabrication, assembly, and production of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise. HN - 2017 MH - Margins of Excision UI - D000072662 MN - A10.830 MN - C23.149.625 MS - The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery. HN - 2017 FX - Biopsy MH - Mastic Resin UI - D000069997 MN - D20.215.721.500.626 MS - Dried tree sap from the MASTIC TREE that is used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE and chewed as gum. HN - 2017 (1985) FX - Gum Arabic MH - Maternal Inheritance UI - D000072741 MN - G5.420.275.750 MS - Transmission of genetic characters, qualities, and traits, solely from maternal extra-nuclear elements such as MITOCHONDRIAL DNA or MATERNAL MESSENGER RNA. HN - 2017 FX - Paternal Inheritance MH - Mating Factor UI - D000072235 MN - D12.644.368 MN - D23.641.200 MS - A protein also known as pheromone mating factor that occurs on the surfaces of organisms such as yeast and fungi. HN - 2017 (1978) MH - Maximal Respiratory Pressures UI - D000072277 MN - E1.370.386.700.550 MS - A respiratory function test that includes the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure. It is determined by SPIROMETRY that measures the patient's RESIDUAL VOLUME and TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY and assesses the strength of RESPIRATORY MUSCLES. HN - 2017 MH - Medically Unexplained Symptoms UI - D000071896 MN - C23.888.541 MS - Persistent health symptoms which remain unexplained after a complete medical evaluation. A cluster of symptoms that consistently appear together but without a known cause are referred to as a MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYNDROME (MUS). HN - 2017 MH - Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 UI - D000072641 MN - N3.219.521.346.506.564.663.250 MN - N3.219.521.576.343.840.254 MN - N3.706.615.696.500 MS - An Act that amends Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to repeal the Medicare sustainable growth rate, that strengthens Medicare access by improving physician payments, and that reauthorizes the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). AN - CATALOGER: Use NAF entry HN - 2017 MH - Megasphaera elsdenii UI - D000070101 MN - B3.440.425.400.500.500 MS - A species of Megasphaera that occurs primarily in the RUMEN and is able to metabolize LACTIC ACID. HN - 2017 MH - Melanthiaceae UI - D000070556 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.615.625 MS - A family in the order Liliales, of bulbous or rhizomatous woodland and alpine perennial herbs. HN - 2017 MH - Meniscus UI - D000072600 MN - A2.165.308.538 MN - A10.165.382.350.163 MS - Crescent-shaped cartilaginous tissue interposed between two articulating bones. MH - Mental Navigation Tests UI - D000070587 MN - F4.711.513.502 MS - Measures of spatial cognition and memory. HN - 2017 MH - Mentoring UI - D000071252 MN - I2.358.859 MN - I2.588 MS - The art and practice of training, guiding, COUNSELING, and providing support to a less experienced, trained, or knowledgeable person. HN - 2017 MH - Metadata UI - D000071253 MN - L1.654 MS - Structured data elements used to describe other data. HN - 2017 MH - Metatarsal Valgus UI - D000070591 MN - C5.330.663 MS - A foot anomaly in which the forefoot is angled outward relative to the hindfoot. HN - 2017 MH - Metatarsus Varus UI - D000070592 MN - C5.330.711 MS - A foot anomaly in which the forefoot (METATARSUS) is angled inward relative to the heel. HN - 2017 MH - Methyl CpG Binding Domain UI - D000070593 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.438 MS - A protein domain of about 70 amino acids in length that folds into a sandwich structure consisting of a beta sheet, alpha helix, and C-terminal hairpin loop which forms a hydrophobic methylated-DNA binding patch. It binds to methylated CPG ISLANDS in eukaryotes and occurs with other DNA and CHROMATIN binding domains such as AT-HOOK MOTIFS in eukaryotic DNA BINDING PROTEINS. HN - 2017 FX - DNA Methylation MH - Methyl-Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins UI - D000072236 MN - D12.644.360.420 MN - D12.776.97.533 MN - D12.776.476.420 MN - D12.776.543.750.54 MS - Transmembrane sensor receptor proteins that are central components of the chemotactic systems of a number of motile bacterial species which include ESCHERICHIA COLI and SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins derive their name from a sensory adaptation process which involves methylation at several glutamyl residues in their cytoplasmic domain. Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins trigger chemotactic responses across spatial chemical gradients, causing organisms to move either toward favorable stimuli or away from toxic ones. HN - 2017 (1980) FX - Chemotaxis MH - Microaneurysm UI - D000071071 MN - C14.907.55.817 MS - Aneurysm of the MICROVASCULATURE. Charcot–Bouchard aneurysms are aneurysms of the brain vasculature which is a common cause of CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. Retinal microaneurysm is an early diagnostic sign of DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. AN - coordinate with specific site HN - 2017 MH - Microtrauma, Physical UI - D000070617 MN - C26.599 MS - Small injuries caused by external force applied to the body including bones, muscles, nerves and tendons. HN - 2017 FX - Cumulative Trauma Disorders MH - Minimal Clinically Important Difference UI - D000071081 MN - N4.761.559.590.399.750 MN - N5.715.360.575.575.399.750 MS - A statistically significant minimum set of clinical outcomes that demonstrates a clinical benefit of an intervention or treatment. HN - 2017 MH - Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2 UI - D000070976 MN - D8.811.74.766.250 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.215.250 MN - D8.811.277.352.335.350.600 MN - D12.776.260.540.250 MS - A MutL protein and component of the DNA MISMATCH REPAIR system. Its ENDONUCLEASE activity introduces SINGLE-STRAND DNA BREAKS which create entry points for EXO1 exonuclease to remove the strand containing the mismatch. It may also function in DNA DAMAGE signaling. HN - 2017 MH - Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins UI - D000071245 MN - D12.776.157.530.937.598 MN - D12.776.543.585.475.688 MN - D12.776.543.585.937.696 MN - D12.776.575.750.688 MS - Mitochondrial anion carrier proteins that function as dimers and form proton channels in the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE which creates proton leaks and uncouples OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION from ATP synthesis, resulting in the generation of heat instead of ATP. HN - 2017 MH - Moral Status UI - D000072577 MN - F1.829.500.720 MN - K1.752.566.479.417 MS - A philosophical description of intrinsic self-worth and dignity which bestows basic rights of life, liberty, and freedom from harm. HN - 2017 MH - Morgue UI - D000072896 MN - N2.278.216.500.968.467 MN - N2.278.590 MN - N4.452.442.422.467 MS - Location where dead bodies are kept until they are buried or cremated. HN - 2017 MH - Morton Neuroma UI - D000070607 MN - C5.360.500.500 MN - C5.550.610.500 MN - C10.597.617.560.500 MN - C10.597.617.682.275 MN - C10.668.829.600.375 MN - C23.888.592.612.540.500 MN - C23.888.592.612.664.275 MS - A nerve inflammation in the foot caused by chronic compression of the plantar nerve between the METATARSAL BONES. AN - non-neoplastic HN - 2017 MH - Mosquito Vectors UI - D000072138 MN - N6.850.310.350.100.500.500 MS - Mosquitoes (members of the family CULICIDAE) that transmit pathogens or their intermediate forms from one host to another. HN - 2017 MH - Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells UI - D000072336 MN - A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.100 MN - A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.100 MN - A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.100 MS - A subset of T-lymphocytes that are present in large numbers at MUCOUS MEMBRANES and respond to INFECTIONS. They express a conserved invariant T-CELL RECEPTOR ALPHA-CHAIN that enables them to respond to infections by sensing RIBOFLAVIN metabolites of pathogens. HN - 2017 MH - Multiple Chronic Conditions UI - D000071069 MN - C23.550.291.500.500 MS - Two or more concurrent chronic physical, mental, or behavioral health problems in an individual. HN - 2017 MH - MutL Protein Homolog 1 UI - D000070957 MN - D8.811.74.766.500 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.215.500 MN - D12.776.260.540.500 MS - Eukaryotic homolog of the bacterial MutL DNA MISMATCH REPAIR protein. It heterodimerizes with MISMATCH REPAIR ENDONUCLEASE PMS2 to form MutL alpha, which is recruited to DNA mismatch sites by the MUTS DNA MISMATCH-BINDING PROTEIN. Mutations in the human MLH1 gene are associated with COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS, HEREDITARY NONPOLYPOSIS. HN - 2017 MH - MutL Proteins UI - D000070956 MN - D8.811.74.766 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.215 MN - D12.776.260.540 MS - DNA repair proteins that include the bacterial MutL protein and its eukaryotic homologs. They consist of a conserved N-terminal region with weak ATPase activity, an endonuclease motif, and a C-terminal domain that forms MutL homodimers or heterodimers between MLH1 and the PMS1, MISMATCH REPAIR ENDONUCLEASE PMS2; or MLH3 proteins. These complexes function in DNA repair pathways, primarily DNA MISMATCH REPAIR, where MutL/MLH1 and the MUTS DNA MISMATCH-BINDING PROTEIN are targeted to damaged DNA. HN - 2017 MH - Mycobiome UI - D000072761 MN - G6.591.875 MN - G16.500.275.157.49.100.500.875 MN - N6.230.124.49.100.500.750 MS - The full spectrum of FUNGI that exist within a particular biological niche such as an organism, soil, a body of water, etc. HN - 2017 MH - Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells UI - D000072737 MN - A11.627.817 MS - A heterogeneous, immature population of myeloid cells that can suppress the activity of T-CELLS and NATURAL KILLER CELLS in the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE and ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE. They play important roles in ONCOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION; and INFECTION. HN - 2017 MH - Myocardial Contusions UI - D000071956 MN - C26.891.375.750 MN - C26.974.250.875 MS - Bruise to the heart muscle due to blunt thoracic trauma.  HN - 2017 MH - N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein UI - D000071447 MN - D12.776.260.103.500.625 MN - D12.776.260.108.92.625 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.158 MN - D12.776.930.125.500.563 MN - D12.776.930.127.92.625 MS - A basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZ) transcription factor and proto-oncogene protein that functions in cell growth and proliferation. In mammals, it is highly expressed in the brain during embryogenesis and is essential for brain development; it is not expressed in adult tissues. Amplification or overexpression of N-Myc occurs in at least 20% of tumors and is associated with a poor prognosis in cases of NEUROBLASTOMA; ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA; and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. HN - 2017 MH - Nanog Homeobox Protein UI - D000071317 MN - D12.776.260.400.530 MN - D12.776.930.542 MS - A homeodomain protein and transcription regulator that functions in BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS and EMBRYONIC STEM CELL proliferation and CELL SELF RENEWAL. It confers pluripotency on embryonic stem cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic ENDODERM and trophectoderm (TROPHOBLAST) CELL LINEAGES. HN - 2017 MH - National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (U.S.) UI - D000072666 MN - I1.409.418.750.600.650.496.175 MN - N3.540.348.500.500.600.480.175 MS - A unit of the National Institutes of Health that seeks to catalyze the generation of innovative methods and technologies that will enhance the development, testing, and implementation of diagnostics and therapeutics across a wide range of human diseases and conditions. The Center was established in 2011. AN - add UNITED STATES; research support by this agency is checked as RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL or RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., INTRAMURAL; CATALOGER: Use NAF entry HN - 2017 FX - Translational Medical Research MH - National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (U.S.) UI - D000072667 MN - I1.409.418.750.600.650.496.188 MN - N3.540.348.500.500.600.480.188 MS - The mission of NCCIH is to define, through rigorous scientific investigation, the usefulness and safety of complementary and integrative health interventions and their roles in improving health and health care. The Center was established in 1999 and was known as NCCAM National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine until 2015. AN - add UNITED STATES; research support by this agency is checked as RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL or RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., INTRAMURAL; CATALOGER: Use NAF entry HN - 2017 MH - Neonatal Sepsis UI - D000071074 MN - C1.539.757.580 MN - C16.614.627 MN - C23.550.470.790.500.470 MS - Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life and most often appears within 24 hours of birth. Late-onset occurs after 1 week and before 3 months of age. HN - 2017 MH - Neonatologists UI - D000072156 MN - M1.526.485.810.758.500 MN - N2.360.810.758.500 MS - Physicians who specialize in providing medical care to newborn infants. HN - 2017 MH - Nephrologists UI - D000072104 MN - M1.526.485.810.628 MN - N2.360.810.628 MS - Qualified medical professionals who specialize in treating KIDNEY DISEASES. HN - 2017 MH - Network Meta-Analysis UI - D000071076 MN - E5.318.780.500.500 MN - E5.581.500.501.500 MN - N5.715.360.780.515.500 MN - N6.850.520.445.500.500 MS - Meta-analysis of randomized trials in which estimates of comparative treatment effects are visualized and interpreted from a network of interventions that may or may not have been evaluated directly against each other. Common considerations in network meta-analysis include conceptual and statistical heterogeneity and incoherence. HN - 2017 MH - Neurologists UI - D000072141 MN - M1.526.485.810.652 MN - N2.360.810.652 MS - Qualified medical professionals who specialize in treating NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. HN - 2017 MH - Neuronal Outgrowth UI - D000071446 MN - G4.152.912.750 MN - G7.345.500.325.377.687.750 MN - G8.686.784.170.450.500.750 MN - G11.561.620.750 MS - Formation of neuronal processes (AXONS; NEURITES) toward a target cell. HN - 2017 MH - NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha UI - D000072000 MN - D12.644.360.378.500 MN - D12.776.260.420.500 MN - D12.776.476.381.500 MN - D12.776.930.326.500 MS - An I-kappa B protein that inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-KAPPA B P50-REL complexes, sequesters transcription factor NF-kappaB as an inactive complex in the cytoplasm; and prevents NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding. HN - 2017 (1991) FX - Ankyrin Repeat MH - NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase UI - D000072340 MN - D8.811.399.325.500.700 MS - A highly-conserved peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) that binds to and isomerizes specific phosphorylated SERINE- or THREONINE-PROLINE (pSer/Thr-Pro) motifs and causes conformational changes in certain proteins associated with the CELL CYCLE. It displays a preference for an acidic residue N-terminal to the isomerized proline bond and regulates MITOSIS, possibly by attenuating the mitosis-promoting activity of NIMA-RELATED KINASE 1. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - NIMA-Related Kinase 1 UI - D000072380 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.581.500 MN - D12.776.167.457.500 MS - A NIMA-related kinase that functions in CELL CYCLE regulation, the control of CILIA assembly, and CENTROSOME duplication. It is activated at G2 PHASE CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS in response to DNA DAMAGE. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - NIMA-Related Kinases UI - D000072379 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.581 MN - D12.776.167.457 MS - A highly-conserved family of protein serine-threonine kinases that regulate the CELL CYCLE; MITOSIS; and the response to DNA DAMAGE. They are also involved in the assembly and function of microtubule-based structures such as CILIA and CENTRIOLES. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - Nipple Discharge UI - D000071936 MN - A12.207.824 MS - Fluid that seeps out of one or both nipples of the breast. HN - 2017 FX - Nipple Aspirate Fluid MH - Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria UI - D000072738 MN - B3.585 MS - Bacteria that are capable of NITROGEN FIXATION. HN - 2017 MH - NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein UI - D000071199 MN - D12.644.360.539.250 MS - An NLR protein that contains an N-terminal PYRIN DOMAIN and ATP-binding site and 9 C-terminal LEUCINE-rich repeats; it is expressed primarily by MACROPHAGES. It is a core component of the INFLAMMASOME and directs its assembly in response to pathogen infection and damage-associated stimuli. Mutations in the NLRP3 gene are associated with FAMILIAL COLD AUTOINFLAMMATORY SYNDROME. HN - 2017 MH - NLR Proteins UI - D000070576 MN - D12.644.360.539 MS - Intracellular signaling proteins that are defined by the presence of a NUCLEOTIDE-binding region and LEUCINE-rich repeats. Their general structure consists of any of a variety of effector domains at their N-termini such as a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), a central nucleotide-binding domain, and a variable number of C-terminal leucine-rich repeats. They are important for pathogen recognition in the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE of animals and plants. Members of the NLR protein family include the NOD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. HN - 2017 MH - Nogo Proteins UI - D000070798 MN - D12.776.543.620.738 MN - D12.776.631.580.738 MS - Myelin proteins that are expressed as three isoforms: Nogo-A, Nogo-B, and Nogo-C. These share a C-terminal reticulon homology domain (RHD), consisting of two hydrophobic membrane domains flanking a 66 amino acid (Nogo-66) hydrophilic region. A long transmembrane region allows conformations that either span the entire membrane or fold into a hairpin conformation. Nogo inhibits NEURITE outgrowth and modulates wiring and the restriction of SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY in the adult central nervous system. It also regulates neurite fasciculation, branching, and extension in the developing nervous system. HN - 2017 (2000) MH - Nogo Receptor 1 UI - D000070816 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.738.500 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.738.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.738.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.600.500 MN - D12.776.631.651.500 MS - A high affinity receptor for myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) that include NOGO-A PROTEIN; OLIGODENDROCYTE MYELIN GLYCOPROTEIN; and MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN. It is expressed primarily by neurons in the brain and OLFACTORY BULBS. During embryonic development, it is expressed in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It localizes to GROWTH CONES and may inhibit neurite outgrowth following SPINAL INJURY. HN - 2017 MH - Nogo Receptor 2 UI - D000070817 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.738.250 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.738.250 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.738.250 MN - D12.776.543.750.600.250 MN - D12.776.631.651.250 MS - A Nogo receptor that binds to MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN. It localizes to the GROWTH CONES of neurons in the THALAMUS; CORTEX: AMYGDALA; OLFACTORY BULBS; and HYPOTHALAMUS. HN - 2017 MH - Nogo Receptors UI - D000070156 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.738 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.738 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.738 MN - D12.776.543.750.600 MN - D12.776.631.651 MS - GPI-linked proteins consisting of eight elongated leucine-rich repeats at their N-temini that are connected to the GPI by a "stalk" region rich in prolines, serines and threonines. They bind to NOGO PROTEIN; however, some Nogo receptors also bind MYELIN ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN and other cell surface glycoproteins. Interactions between nogo receptors and their ligands modulate nerve growth and NEURONAL PLASTICITY. HN - 2017 MH - Non-Medical Public and Private Facilities UI - D000072182 MN - J3 MS - Spaces and needed equipment provided for a specific, non-medical function or service used by the public or specific group of persons. AN - used for searching; INDEXER: Do not use; CATALOGER: Do not use HN - 2017 MH - Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System UI - D000070634 MN - G2.111.820.690 MN - G3.493.628 MN - G4.835.690 MS - The system of ACETYLCHOLINE-synthesizing enzymes, transporters, receptors and degrading enzymes that characterize non-neuronal cholinergic cells such as airway and skin EPITHELIAL CELLS. HN - 2017 FX - Cholinergic Neurons MH - Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction UI - D000072658 MN - C14.280.647.500.469 MN - C14.907.585.500.656 MS - A myocardial infarction that does not produce elevations in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. ST segment elevation of the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction). HN - 2017 MH - Nuclear Pharmacy UI - D000070840 MN - H2.646.250 MS - An application of PHARMACY involving the preparation and dispensing of radioactive materials for use in medications. HN - 2017 FX - Nuclear Medicine MH - Nucleons UI - D000071940 MN - G1.249.660 MS - Subatomic particles that are either protons or neutrons. HN - 2017 MH - Nucleus Pulposus UI - D000070614 MN - A2.165.308.410.500 MN - A2.835.232.834.432.500 MN - A10.165.382.350.50.500 MS - Fibrocartilage inner core of the intervertebral disc. Prolapsed or bulged nucleus pulposus leads to INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISPLACEMENT while proliferation of cells in the nucleus pulposus is associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION. HN - 2017 MH - Nurse Specialists UI - D000072184 MN - M1.526.485.650.648 MN - N2.360.650.648 MS - Nursing professionals whose practice is limited to A particular area or discipline of medicine. HN - 2017 MH - Nurses, Neonatal UI - D000072221 MN - M1.526.485.650.648.940.500 MN - N2.360.650.648.940.500 MS - Qualified nursing professionals specializing in care of newborn infants. HN - 2017 MH - Nurses, Pediatric UI - D000072222 MN - M1.526.485.650.648.940 MN - N2.360.650.648.940 MS - Qualified nursing professionals specializing in the care of children from birth to adolescence. HN - 2017 MH - Occupational Therapists UI - D000072087 MN - M1.526.485.710 MN - N2.360.710 MS - Professionals trained to help individuals develop or regain skills needed to achieve independence in their lives. HN - 2017 MH - Ocimum sanctum UI - D000070004 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.583.520.647.750 MS - A plant species of the genus OCIMUM, family LAMIACEAE that has been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. HN - 2017 MH - Oncologists UI - D000072103 MN - M1.526.485.810.699 MN - N2.360.810.699 MS - Physicians specializing in MEDICAL ONCOLOGY or its sub-specialties of RADIATION ONCOLOGY or SURGICAL ONCOLOGY. HN - 2017 MH - Oogonial Stem Cells UI - D000072977 MN - A11.872.677 MS - Primordial germ cells found in embryonic OOGONIA and postnatal OVARIES. HN - 2017(2014) MH - Open Fracture Reduction UI - D000070799 MN - E4.555.300.690 MS - Restoration of normal alignment of a fractured bone via an OPERATIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURE. HN - 2017 FX - Fractures, Open MH - Ophthalmologists UI - D000072163 MN - M1.526.485.810.705 MN - N2.360.810.705 MS - Qualified medical professionals specializing in medical and surgical treatment of defects and diseases of the eye. HN - 2017 MH - Optometrists UI - D000072162 MN - M1.526.485.725 MN - N2.360.725 MS - Qualified professionals trained in primary eye and vision care, including measurement of visual abilities, diagnosing disorders of the visual system and provision of treatment such as prescriptions for correction of visual defects with lenses or glasses and vision therapy. HN - 2017 MH - ORAI1 Protein UI - D000071740 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.150.740.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.450.150.740.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.150.740.500 MS - The pore-forming subunit of calcium release activated calcium channels. It is activated by STROMAL INTERACTION MOLECULE 1 upon intracellular calcium depletion. HN - 2017 MH - ORAI2 Protein UI - D000071741 MN - D12.776.157.530.400.150.740.750 MN - D12.776.543.550.450.150.740.750 MN - D12.776.543.585.400.150.740.750 MS - A calcium release-activated calcium-like (CRAC-like) channel subunit which functions with STROMAL INTERACTION MOLECULE 1 to regulate cell calcium influx and increase (Ca2+)-selective current. HN - 2017 MH - Orientation, Spatial UI - D000072458 MN - F1.58.577.500 MN - F1.145.875.439 MN - F2.830.606.793 MS - Change in position or alignment in response to an external stimulus. HN - 2017 MH - Orthodontic Friction UI - D000070297 MN - G1.154.90.625 MS - Physical resistance to motion between dental surfaces. HN - 2017 MH - Orthopedic Surgeons UI - D000072161 MN - M1.526.485.810.910.875 MN - N2.360.810.910.875 MS - Physicians specializing in medical, surgical, and physical methods used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures. HN - 2017 MH - Otolaryngologists UI - D000072220 MN - M1.526.485.810.734 MN - N2.360.810.734 MS - Physicians specializing in the treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. HN - 2017 MH - Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity UI - D000072257 MN - E5.657 MS - A measure of the ability of a substance, such as a food, to quench oxygen free radicals in vitro. HN - 2017 FX - Antioxidants FX - Free Radical Scavengers FX - Reactive Oxygen Species MH - Oxysterols UI - D000072376 MN - D4.210.500.247.222.284.800 MN - D4.210.500.247.808.197.800 MN - D10.570.938.208.825 MS - Oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol or its sterol precursors. They are generated from sterol metabolism and the interaction of cholesterol with REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. HN - 2017 MH - Paenibacillus larvae UI - D000070059 MN - B3.300.390.400.645.500 MN - B3.353.500.645.500 MN - B3.510.100.645.500 MN - B3.510.415.400.645.500 MN - B3.510.460.410.645.500 MS - A species of Paenibacillus that causes American Foulbrood, a fatal disease of honeybees (APIS) and honeybee colonies. HN - 2017 MH - Paenibacillus polymyxa UI - D000070057 MN - B3.300.390.400.645.750 MN - B3.353.500.645.750 MN - B3.510.100.645.750 MN - B3.510.415.400.645.750 MN - B3.510.460.410.645.750 MN - B3.585.860 MS - A species of Paenibacillus formerly classified as Bacillus polymyxa that occurs in marine sediments and soil, especially around plant roots and RHIZOMES where it performs NITROGEN FIXATION. It has activity against several species of pathogenic bacteria and produces POLYMYXINS. HN - 2017 MH - Parenchymal Tissue UI - D000072356 MN - A10.806 MS - The tissue that constitutes the essential or functional part of an organ (e.g., parenchyma of lung, parenchyma of liver, or parenchyma of kidney). AN - human and animal; PALISADE PARENCHYMA CELLS see MESOPHYLL CELLS is available for plants HN - 2017 MH - Parkinson Disease Associated Proteins UI - D000070579 MN - D12.776.637 MS - Proteins associated with sporadic or familial cases of PARKINSON DISEASE. HN - 2017 MH - Patched Receptors UI - D000072079 MN - D12.776.543.750.58 MN - D12.776.624.776.633 MS - A family of 12-pass transmembrane proteins originally identified in Drosophila that are receptors for HEDGEHOG PROTEINS. They have important roles in regulating CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL DIFFERENTIAION; and BODY PATTERNING and may also function as TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - Patched-1 Receptor UI - D000072081 MN - D12.776.543.750.58.500 MN - D12.776.624.776.633.500 MS - A patched receptor for several HEDGEHOG PROTEINS that associates with the SMOOTHENED RECEPTOR to modulate hedgehog signaling. It is also a TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; mutations in the patched-1 gene are associated with BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCNIOMA of the ESOPHAGUS; trichoepitheliomas, and CARCINOMA, TRANSITIONAL CELL of the URINARY BLADDER. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - Patched-2 Receptor UI - D000072082 MN - D12.776.543.750.58.750 MN - D12.776.624.776.633.750 MS - A patched receptor that may function redundantly with the PATCHED-1 RECEPTOR to modulate hedgehog signaling. It may also play a role in epidermal development and as a TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN. Mutations in the patched-2 gene are associated with BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and MEDULLOBLASTOMA. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - Paternal Inheritance UI - D000072740 MN - G5.420.623 MS - A form of inheritance where the traits of the offspring are paternal in origin due to the expression of extra-nuclear genetic material such as MITOCHONDRIAL DNA or Y chromosome genes. CENTRIOLES are also paternally inherited. HN - 2017 FX - Maternal Inheritance MH - Pathologists UI - D000072142 MN - M1.526.485.810.746 MN - N2.360.810.746 MS - Physicians who assess changes in cellular or tissue structure and function to diagnose disease processes. HN - 2017 MH - Patient Comfort UI - D000070659 MN - N2.421.585.683 MS - Patient care intended to prevent or relieve suffering in conditions that ensure optimal quality living. HN - 2017 MH - Patient Portals UI - D000072638 MN - E5.318.308.940.968.249.500.500 MN - E5.318.308.940.968.249.750 MS - A secure online website that provides patients convenient 24-hour access to personal health information via an Internet connection. HN - 2017 MH - Patient Reported Outcome Measures UI - D000071066 MN - E5.318.308.980.344.500 MN - N3.349.380.210.750 MN - N4.761.559.590.399.875 MN - N5.425.210.500 MN - N5.715.360.300.800.344.500 MN - N5.715.360.575.575.399.875 MN - N6.850.520.308.980.344.500 MS - Assessment of the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured and directly reported by the patient. HN - 2017 MH - PAX3 Transcription Factor UI - D000072041 MN - D12.776.260.645.782 MN - D12.776.930.700.782 MS - A paired box transcription factor that functions in CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL MIGRATION; and APOPTOSIS. It also is involved in MYOGENESIS and neural development. Mutations in the PAX3 gene are associated with WAARDENBURG SYNDROME TYPE 1. HN - 2017 MH - PAX6 Transcription Factor UI - D000071841 MN - D12.776.260.645.813 MN - D12.776.930.700.813 MS - A paired box transcription factor that has important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Mutations in the PAX6 gene are associated with ocular disorders such as ANIRIDIA. HN - 2017; use PAX6 PROTEIN (NM) 1994-2016 MH - PAX8 Transcription Factor UI - D000072636 MN - D12.776.260.645.906 MN - D12.776.930.700.906 MS - A paired box transcription factor that functions in the development of THYROCYTES and the control of thyroid-specific gene expression. Mutations in the PAX8 gene are associated with THYROID DYSGENESIS and THYROID NEOPLASMS. HN - 2017 MH - Pediatric Emergency Medicine UI - D000070316 MN - H2.403.250.500 MN - H2.403.670.450 MS - Branch of EMERGENCY MEDICINE dealing with the emergency care of children. HN - 2017 MH - Pediatricians UI - D000072143 MN - M1.526.485.810.758 MN - N2.360.810.758 MS - Qualified medical professionals specializing in maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth through adolescence. HN - 2017 MH - Pediocins UI - D000070017 MN - D12.776.97.151.743 MN - D12.776.543.695.110.850 MS - Bacteriocins produced by species of PEDIOCOCCUS. They range from 3.5-4.6 kDa in mass, contain a conserved YGNGVXCXK motif and beta sheet at their N-terminals, and a more diverse hydrophobic or amphiphilic C-terminal alpha helical domain. They function as antimicrobial peptides against several pathogenic species of GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA, including LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES and are useful as FOOD PRESERVATIVES. HN - 2017 MH - Pediococcus acidilactici UI - D000070016 MN - B3.353.750.450.737.500 MN - B3.510.550.450.737.500 MS - A species of Pediococcus that occurs in fermented foods where its ability to produce LACTIC ACID and PEDIOCINS makes it useful in FOOD PRESERVATION. It is also used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Pediococcus pentosaceus UI - D000070006 MN - B3.353.750.450.737.750 MN - B3.510.550.450.737.750 MS - A species of Pediococcus that occurs in fermented foods where its ability to produce LACTIC ACID and PEDIOCINS make it useful as a FOOD PRESERVATION agent. It is also used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 FX - Probiotics MH - Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase NIMA-Interacting 4 UI - D000072621 MN - D8.811.399.325.500.850 MN - D12.776.260.650 MS - A NIMA-interacting peptidylprolyl isomerase. It binds to double-stranded DNA and functions in the biogenesis of RIBOSOMES. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - Perfectionism UI - D000072639 MN - F1.752.823 MS - A personality trait characterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting excessively high performance standards, accompanied by overly critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations. HN - 2017 MH - Perilipin-1 UI - D000070778 MN - D12.776.157.464.500.500 MS - A lipid droplet protein that is expressed primarily by ADIPOCYTES of WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE and BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE. It co-localizes with MACROPHAGES and FOAM CELLS of artherosclerotic lesions and stabilizes LIPID DROPLETS by inhibiting HORMONE SENSITIVE LIPASE. It may also protect TRIGLYCERIDES against hydrolysis within the PLASMA MEMBRANE and modulate CHOLESTEROL ESTER HYDROLASE activity. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - Perilipin-2 UI - D000070780 MN - D12.776.157.464.500.750 MS - A perilipin that is expressed by many different cell types. It binds FATTY ACIDS and CHOLESTEROL, stabilizes TRIGLYCERIDES, and localizes to both the surface and hydrophobic core of LIPID DROPLETS, as well as the ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM and PLASMA MEMBRANE in MACROPHAGES. It also plays a central role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets and FOAM CELLS and is highly expressed by macrophages at atherosclerotic lesions in human arteries along with the INFLAMMATION markers TNF-ALPHA; MCP-1 RECEPTOR; and IL-6. HN - 2017 (1998) MH - Perilipin-3 UI - D000070796 MN - D12.776.157.464.500.875 MS - A perilipin that localizes to LIPID DROPLETS; CYTOPLASM; ENDOSOMES; and PLASMA MEMBRANE, especially in MACROPHAGES. It functions as a transporter of free fatty acids to lipid droplets to promote their biogenesis and growth. It is also required for the transport of the MANNOSE-6-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR from endosomes to the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK. Its structure consists of four helix bundles that interact with the hydrophobic lipid droplet surface. HN - 2017 (1983) MH - Perilipin-4 UI - D000071229 MN - D12.776.157.464.500.906 MS - A perilipin protein characterized by an extensive 11-mer repeat region, which forms five adjacent alpha-helices. It is expressed primarily in WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE and differentiating ADIPOCYTES, as well as skeletal muscle and heart. It is soluble in the cytoplasm but re-localizes to the surface of LIPID DROPLETS under high lipid conditions. HN - 2017 MH - Perilipin-5 UI - D000070797 MN - D12.776.157.464.500.937 MS - A perilipin that functions in LIPOGENESIS; LIPOLYSIS; and fatty acid oxidation in BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE; heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. It recruits MITOCHONDRIA to the surface of LIPID DROPLETS where it functions in both the storage of fatty acids as TRIGLYCERIDES, and their release for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in response to metabolic needs. HN - 2017 MH - Perilipins UI - D000070137 MN - D12.776.157.464.500 MS - A family of vertebrate and insect lipid droplet associated proteins. They consist of a conserved N-terminal PAT domain (an alpha-helical region of about 110 amino acids), an 11-mer repeat region, and lipid-binding hydrophobic regions or 4-helix bundles near their C-termini. Perilipins transiently or constitutively localize to LIPID DROPLETS in ADIPOCYTES and FOAM CELLS, especially in regions adjacent to the PLASMA MEMBRANE and ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM. They are critical for lipid droplet synthesis and homeostasis as well as the regulation of lipid metabolism. Genetic variations in perilipins are associated with ATHEROSCLEROSIS; OBESITY; and DIABETES MELLITUS. HN - 2017 MH - Peripheral Blood Stem Cells UI - D000072916 MN - A11.872.378.795 MS - Hematopoietic stem cells found in peripheral blood circulation. HN - 2017 MH - Perirhinal Cortex UI - D000071039 MN - A8.186.211.730.885.287.500.863.574 MS - An area in the temporal lobe that is important for memory encoding and retrieval. It is bordered caudally by the parahippocampal cortex (see HIPPOCAMPUS) and ventrally and medially by the ENTORHINAL CORTEX. HN - 2017 MH - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha UI - D000071248 MN - D12.644.360.24.314.650 MN - D12.776.157.57.80.650 MN - D12.776.157.725.813.875 MN - D12.776.476.24.394.650 MN - D12.776.660.675.650 MN - D12.776.664.962.813.875 MN - D12.776.930.617.650 MS - A transcriptional co-activator for NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. It is characterized by an N-terminal LxxLL sequence, a region that interacts with PPAR GAMMA, and a C-terminal RNA RECOGNITION MOTIF. It increases expression of MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEIN to regulate genes involved in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary restriction and the integration of CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS with ENERGY METABOLISM. HN - 2017 MH - Phage Therapy UI - D000071059 MN - E2.95.841 MS - Therapeutic use of BACTERIOPHAGES to treat diseases. HN - 2017 MH - Pharmaceutical Research UI - D000071220 MN - H1.770.644.145.442 MS - RESEARCH activity focused on pharmaceutical products and services. AN - pharmaceutical research as a field or the progress or status of pharmaceutical research; do not add routinely for specific pharmaceutical research studies; do not confuse with PHARMACY RESEARCH HN - 2017 MH - Pharmacogenomic Testing UI - D000071185 MN - E1.370.225.562.500 MN - E5.200.562.500 MN - E5.393.435.500 MN - N2.421.308.430.500 MN - N2.421.726.233.221.500 MS - The detection of genetic variability (e.g., PHARMACOGENOMIC VARIANTS) relevant to PHARMACOGENETICS and PRECISION MEDICINE. The purpose of such genetic testing is to help determine the most effective treatment options and their optimum dosages with least potential risks for DRUG-RELATED SIDE EFFECTS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS. HN - 2017 MH - Pharmacogenomic Variants UI - D000071184 MN - G5.365.795.446 MS - Naturally occurring genetic variations associated with drug response (e.g., dosage, extent and rate of metabolic processes). While these variants are not markers for GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE they influence PHARMACOKINETICS and pharmacodynamics and often occur on genes encoding drug metabolism enzymes and transporters (e.g., ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP2D6). HN - 2017 FX - Pharmacogenetics FX - Precision Medicine MH - Pharmacy Research UI - D000070838 MN - H1.770.644.145.452 MN - H2.646.375 MS - RESEARCH activity focused on PHARMACY. AN - pharmacy research as a field or the progress or status of pharmacy research; do not add routinely for specific pharmacy research studies; do not confuse with PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH HN - 2017 MH - Phobia, Social UI - D000072861 MN - F3.80.725.500 MS - Anxiety disorder characterized by the persistent and irrational fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social or performance situations. HN - 2017 MH - Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases UI - D000072183 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.624.750 MS - Phosphoinositide phosphatases that catalyze the dephosphorylation (hydrolysis) of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P(2), which negatively regulates the PI3K ( 3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES) pathways. They contain an SH2 DOMAIN and STERILE ALPHA MOTIF and have important functions in regulating the immune response and other cellular processes in vertebrates. HN - 2017 MH - Phosphoinositide Phosphatases UI - D000072180 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.624 MS - Phosphatases that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate groups on PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS. HN - 2017 MH - Phototaxis UI - D000071444 MN - F1.145.113.780.875 MN - F1.145.875.439.500.875 MN - G7.568.500.590.875 MN - G11.427.410.568.850.875 MS - A behavioral change that results in an organism moving or orienting toward or away from the light source. HN - 2017 FX - Phototropism MH - Physiatrists UI - D000072157 MN - M1.526.485.810.764 MN - N2.360.810.764 MS - Physicians specializing in treating physical disorders and injuries affecting the brain, spinal cord, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons. HN - 2017 MH - Pilots UI - D000070356 MN - M1.526.727 MS - Persons skilled and/or qualified to operate an aircraft or ship. HN - 2017 MH - Place Cells UI - D000071037 MN - A8.675.790.500 MN - A11.671.790.500 MS - Pyramidal neurons in the HIPPOCAMPUS that play a role in cognitive representation of a specific location within a space. HN - 2017 MH - Placenta Growth Factor UI - D000072483 MN - D12.644.276.100.800.100 MN - D12.776.780.551 MS - An angiogenic protein belonging to the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor family of growth factors originally isolated and cloned from human placental cDNA library. There are four isoforms of PLGF 1-4 which result from alternative splicing. Placenta Growth Factor is secreted as a glycosylated homodimer which acts as a mitogen for endothelial cells, and its expression is markedly upregulated during hypoxia and in tissue inflammation and cancer. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - Pleckstrin Homology Domains UI - D000070539 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.469 MS - Protein domains of approximately 120 amino acids that form two perpendicular anti-parallel beta sheets connected by a loop of variable length and a C-terminal amphipathic helix. PH domains occur in many INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PROTEINS and CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS where they bind PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS within the CELL MEMBRANE and INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES, as well as proteins that include the Betagamma-subunits of HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS, and PROTEIN KINASE C. These interactions allow the targeting of proteins to different cellular compartments and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. HN - 2017 MH - Pneumonia, Necrotizing UI - D000071067 MN - C8.381.677.608 MN - C8.730.610.608 MS - Severe complication of pneumonia characterized by liquefaction of lung tissue. HN - 2017 MH - Pogostemon UI - D000070177 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.583.520.754 MS - Genus in the Lamiaceae family. VOLATILE OILS from several species of Pogostemon are used in PERFUME; INSECT REPELLENTS; and ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES. HN - 2017 MH - Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 UI - D000071137 MN - D8.811.913.400.725.115.690.420 MS - A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase that contains two ZINC FINGERS in its N-terminal DNA-binding region. It modifies NUCLEAR PROTEINS involved in chromatin architecture and BASE EXCISION REPAIR with POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE. HN - 2017 MH - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins UI - D000072317 MN - D2.309.500.450 MN - D3.633.300.786 MS - Dibenzodioxin derivatives that contain multiple chloride atoms bound to the benzene ring structures. HN - 2017(1976) BX - TCDD BX - Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin MH - Polyelectrolytes UI - D000071228 MN - D1.248.249 MN - D5.750.230 MS - Naturally-occurring or artificially made water-soluble POLYMERS whose repeating units are ionizable. Polyelectrolytes demonstrate attributes that are typical of salts, such as electrical conductivity, and typical of polymers, such as viscosity. HN - 2017 MH - Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography UI - D000072078 MN - E1.370.350.350.800.700.500 MN - E1.370.350.350.810.645 MN - E1.370.350.567.500 MN - E1.370.350.600.350.700.810.490 MN - E1.370.350.600.350.800.399.500 MN - E1.370.350.700.700.810.645 MN - E1.370.350.700.810.810.723 MN - E1.370.350.710.800.399.500 MN - E1.370.350.825.800.399.500 MN - E1.370.350.825.810.810.700 MN - E1.370.384.730.800.399.500 MS - An imaging technique that combines a POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) scanner and a CT X RAY scanner. This establishes a precise anatomic localization in the same session. HN - 2017 MH - Postcards as Topic UI - D000072439 MN - L1.143.506.423.906.377.500 MN - L1.731 MS - Works about cards on which a message may be written or printed for mailing without an envelope. Art & Architectural Thesaurus Online www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/aat/ accessed 12/18/2008 AN - do not confuse with Publication Type POSTCARDS HN - 2017 MH - Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction UI - D000072229 MN - E2.718.688 MN - E4.555.110.557 MN - E4.680.101.557 MS - Rebuilding of the POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT to restore functional stability of the knee. HN - 2017 MH - Prion Proteins UI - D000072002 MN - D12.776.395.550.448.600 MN - D12.776.543.484.500.625 MN - D12.776.543.550.418.600 MN - D12.776.785.340 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.534 MN - D23.101.100.110.534 MS - Membrane glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoproteins that may aggregate into rod-like structures. The prion protein (PRNP) gene is characterized by five TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES that encode a highly unstable protein region of five octapeptide repeats. Mutations in the repeat region and elsewhere in this gene are associated with CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE; FATAL FAMILIAL INSOMNIA; GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER DISEASE; Huntington disease-like 1, and KURU. HN - 2017: for PRION PROTEINS use PRIONS 1991-2016 BX - PrP Proteins MH - Private Facilities UI - D000072263 MN - J3.700 MS - Places designed, built, or installed to provide for a specific, non-medical function or service used by a specific, restricted group of persons. AN - do not add as a coordinate with a specific facility unless the private aspect is emphasized HN - 2017 MH - Professional Practice Gaps UI - D000071836 MN - N4.590.374.650 MN - N5.300.643 MS - Difference between observed and ideal DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE and healthcare outcomes that reflect the current state of knowledge. HN - 2017 MH - Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein UI - D000071156 MN - D12.776.624.776.654 MN - D12.776.660.745 MN - D12.776.930.713 MN - D12.776.934.500 MS - A tripartite motif protein that contains three ZINC FINGERS, including a RING FINGER DOMAIN, at its N-terminal. Several nuclear and one cytoplasmic isoforms result from alternative splicing of the PML gene; most nuclear isoforms localize to subnuclear structures (PML nuclear bodies) that are disrupted in ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA cells. HN - 2017 MH - Prophylactic Mastectomy UI - D000072036 MN - E4.466.911 MN - E4.625.500 MS - Surgical removal of one or both breasts to prevent or reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in persons who may be predisposed. HN - 2017 MH - Propionibacterium freudenreichii UI - D000070002 MN - B3.510.24.49.600.600.800 MN - B3.510.460.400.400.600.600.800 MS - A species of Propionibacterium that occurs in raw milk and cheese. It produces ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC. HN - 2017 MH - Propofol Infusion Syndrome UI - D000072736 MN - C25.100.844 MS - Rare and often fatal drug complication which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of PROPOFOL. It is characterized by METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; cardiovascular CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE; CARDIAC FAILURE; and KIDNEY FAILURE. HN - 2017 FX - Propofol MH - Proprotein Convertase 9 UI - D000071449 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.760.718 MN - D8.811.277.656.837.688 MN - D8.811.277.656.959.350.718 MS - A proprotein convertase that is essential for CHOLESTEROL homeostasis. It binds to and is required for the lysosomal degradation of the LDL RECEPTOR (LDLR); the VLDL receptor, and the APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR. It also regulates neuronal APOPTOSIS. HN - 2017 MH - Prostaglandin-E Synthases UI - D000071876 MN - D8.811.399.475.600 MS - Oxidoreductases that catalyze the GLUTATHIONE-dependent oxidoreduction of PROSTAGLANDIN H2 to PROSTAGLANDIN E2. HN - 2017 (1977) MH - Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical UI - D000072756 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.600.20 MS - A secondary structure of proteins that is a right-handed helix or coil, where each amino (N-H) group of the peptide backbone contributes a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl(C=O) group of the amino acid four residues N-terminal to it (n-4). It is the most common type of secondary structure. AN - IM general only; coordinate NIM with specific protein HN - 2017; use PROTEIN STRUCTURE, SECONDARY 1992-2016 BX - alpha-Helical Conformation, Protein MH - Protein Conformation, beta-Strand UI - D000072757 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.600.750 MS - A secondary structure of proteins where the amino (N-H) groups of a polypeptide backbone, three to ten amino acids in length, establish hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl (C=O) groups in the backbone of adjacent strands. These may form a beta-sheet, where the side chains of the adjacent strands point in the same direction. AN - IM general only; coordinate NIM with specific protein HN - 2017; use PROTEIN STRUCTURE, SECONDARY 1992-2016 BX - Protein Conformation, beta-Sheet MH - Protein Deglycase DJ-1 UI - D000071617 MN - D8.811.277.785 MN - D12.776.637.875 MS - A protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated amino acids and proteins, releasing repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate. It deglycates CYSTEINE, ARGININE and LYSINE residues to reactivate proteins by reversing glycation and prevent the formation of ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS. It protects cells against OXIDATIVE STRESS and CELL DEATH by functioning as an oxidative stress sensor and redox-sensitive MOLECULAR CHAPERONE and PROTEASE. Mutations in the PARK7 gene are associated with autosomal-recessive, early-onset PARKINSON DISEASE. HN - 2017 MH - Protein Domains UI - D000072417 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.610.500 MS - Discrete protein structural units that may fold independently of the rest of the protein and have their own functions. HN - 2017; use PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY 2000-2016 MH - Protein Phosphatase 2C UI - D000071636 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.625.716 MS - One of four major classes of mammalian serine/threonine specific protein phosphatases. Protein phosphatase 2C is a monomeric enzyme about 42 kDa in size. It shows broad substrate specificity dependent on divalent cations (mainly manganese and magnesium). Three isozymes are known in mammals: PP2C -alpha, -beta and -gamma. In yeast, there are four PP2C homologues: phosphatase PTC1 that have weak tyrosine phosphatase activity, phosphatase PTC2, phosphatase PTC3, and PTC4. Isozymes of PP2C also occur in Arabidopsis thaliana where the kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) containing a C-terminal PP2C domain, dephosphorylates Ser/Thr receptor-like kinase RLK5. HN - 2017 (2016) MH - Protein Structural Elements UI - D000072416 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275 MS - Distinguishing three-dimensional structures characteristically formed by homologous protein sequences. HN - 2017 MH - Proteogenomics UI - D000071696 MN - H1.158.201.843.500 MN - H1.158.273.180.350.700.500 MN - H1.158.273.343.350.700.500 MN - H1.181.122.738.500 MS - The systematic study of annotated genomic information to global protein expression in order to determine the relationship between genomic sequences and both expressed proteins and predicted protein sequences. HN - 2017; use PROTEOMICS 2016 MH - Provitamins UI - D000072664 MN - D27.505.696.377.605.600.354 MN - G7.203.300.631.600.500 MN - J2.500.631.600.500 MS - Precursor forms of vitamins. HN - 2017 MH - Psacalium UI - D000070216 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.100.605 MS - A genus of the Asteraceae family. Several of its species are used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. HN - 2017 MH - Pseudoautosomal Regions UI - D000071439 MN - A11.284.187.865.400 MN - G5.360.162.865.400 MN - G5.360.340.24.380.906 MS - Homologous chromosomal regions at either end of the X CHROMOSOME or Y CHROMOSOME. These two regions pair regularly at male MEIOSIS and undergo RECOMBINATION. Pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) is located at the tip of the short 'p' arms (Xp22 and Yp11) and Pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) is located at the tip of the long 'q' arms (Xq28 and Yq12). HN - 2017 MH - Pseudomonas chlororaphis UI - D000070096 MN - B3.440.400.425.625.625.223 MN - B3.660.250.580.590.140 MS - A non-pathogenic species of Pseudomonas that occurs in soil, especially in the RHIZOSPHERE surrounding plant roots, as well as on the leaves of plants. It has anti-fungal and anti-nematode activities and is used in agriculture as a biocontrol agent. HN - 2017 MH - Psychosocial Support Systems UI - D000072858 MN - I1.880.853.500.600.500 MS - Organized efforts to address ongoing psychological and social problems of individuals, their partners, families and caregivers. HN - 2017 MH - PTB-Associated Splicing Factor UI - D000072670 MN - D12.776.157.725.829.282 MN - D12.776.260.693 MN - D12.776.664.962.829.282 MS - An RNA splicing factor that also binds DNA. It is essential for pre-mRNA spicing in the formation of early SPLICEOSOMES and catalytic step II. It binds specifically to polypyrimidine tracts in INTRONS and is involved in the regulation of ALTERNATIVE SPLICING by SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. HN - 2017 (1993) FX - Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein MH - Public Health Systems Research UI - D000072440 MN - H1.770.644.608 MN - N5.632 MS - A field of study that examines the organization, financing, and delivery of public health services within communities, and the impact of these services on public health. HN - 2017 MH - Pulmonologists UI - D000072106 MN - M1.526.485.810.865 MN - N2.360.810.865 MS - Physicians who specialize in treating disorders of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, especially diagnosing and treating diseases and defects of the lungs and bronchial tree. HN - 2017 MH - Punctal Plugs UI - D000070635 MN - E7.695.698 MS - Small devices that are inserted into the tear ducts (NASOLACRIMAL DUCTS). They are used to block the drainage of TEARS for the treatment of DRY EYE SYNDROMES. HN - 2017 MH - Pyrin UI - D000071198 MN - D12.776.220.909 MN - D12.776.934.750 MS - A tripartite motif protein that consists of an N-terminal pyrin domain, a central coiled-coil region and B-box type ZINC FINGER, and C-terminal regions that mediate homotrimerization and interactions with other proteins (the B30.2/SPRY DOMAIN). It is expressed primarily by mature GRANULOCYTES and associates with the cytoskeleton in the perinuclear area as well as AUTOPHAGOSOMES, where it co-ordinates the assembly of AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEINS and degradation of INFLAMMASOME components. It functions in INNATE IMMUNITY and INFLAMMATION; mutations in the Pyrin protein (MEFV) gene are associated with FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER. HN - 2017 (1997) FX - Pyrin Domain MH - Pyrin Domain UI - D000071196 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.395.875 MS - A protein interaction domain of the death domain superfamily. It is characterized by a 6-helix bundle similar to those that occur in DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTORS. Pyrin domains are present in a variety of proteins, especially those that function in INFLAMMASOMES; AUTOPHAGY; and APOPTOSIS. They form homodimers or heterodimers with death domain proteins to facilitate the assembly of signaling complexes. HN - 2017 FX - Pyrin MH - Radiation Dosimeters UI - D000072232 MN - E7.710.725 MS - Devices that measure exposure to IONIZING RADIATION. HN - 2017 FX - In Vivo Dosimetry FX - Radiation Monitoring MH - Radiation Oncologists UI - D000072378 MN - M1.526.485.810.699.500 MN - M1.526.485.810.877.500 MN - N2.360.810.699.500 MN - N2.360.810.877.500 MS - Physicians specializing in the treatment of cancer by RADIOTHERAPY. HN - 2017 MH - Radiologic and Imaging Nursing UI - D000072856 MN - H2.478.676.772 MS - A nursing specialty that deals specifically with the care of patients undergoing diagnostic, neurological, cardiovascular, interventional, ultrasonography, computerized tomography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance, radiation oncology or other related procedures . HN - 2017 FX - Diagnostic Imaging FX - Radiology MH - Radiologists UI - D000072177 MN - M1.526.485.810.877 MN - N2.360.810.877 MS - Physicians specializing in the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy to diagnosis and treatment of disease. HN - 2017 MH - Receptor, Notch3 UI - D000071656 MN - D12.776.543.750.725.875 MN - D12.776.930.770.875 MS - A notch receptor characterized by a large extracellular domain containing 34 EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR-like repeats. It functions to regulate CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL PROLIFERATION. Mutations in the EGF repeats of Notch-3 are associated with CADASIL. HN - 2017 MH - Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors UI - D000071701 MN - D12.776.260.950.624 MN - D12.776.930.977.624 MS - A family of eukaryotic transcription factors that recognize and bind to a highly-conserved cis-regulatory sequence (X-box) within the promoter region of MHC CLASS II GENES. They contain a conserved winged-helix DNA binding domain and function as homo or heterodimers. HN - 2017 (1988) MH - Regulatory Factor X1 UI - D000071716 MN - D12.776.260.950.624.500 MN - D12.776.930.977.624.500 MS - A regulatory factor X transcription factor that is required for the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES. It also binds to inverted repeats of HEPATITIS B VIRUS DNA and is required for viral gene expression. RFX1 functions as a monomer or heterodimer with other RFX transcription factors. HN - 2017; use REGULATORY X TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (NM) 1988-2016 MH - Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase UI - D000072516 MN - D8.244.453.498.500 MN - D8.811.682.690.708.170.485.500 MN - D12.776.422.220.453.498.500 MS - A cytochrome P450 enzyme that resides in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. It catalyzes the conversion of trans-RETINOIC ACID to 4-hydroxyretinoic acid. HN - 2017 (1996) MH - Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha UI - D000072482 MN - D12.776.826.701.250 MN - D12.776.930.775.250 MS - A nuclear receptor protein which in humans is encoded by the RARA gene. It belongs to a family of transcription regulators of ligand-responsive regulatory proteins which include steroid hormone receptors. In addition to a C-terminal ligand-binding domain, these nuclear receptors contain a highly-conserved N-terminal zinc-finger domain that mediates binding ligand-responsive elements. HN - 2017 (1993) MH - Rheumatologists UI - D000072140 MN - M1.526.485.810.888 MN - N2.360.810.888 MS - Physicians who specialize in treating RHEUMATIC DISEASES. HN - 2017 MH - Rib Cage UI - D000070602 MN - A2.835.232.570 MS - The bony thoracic enclosure consisting of the vertebral column; the RIBS; the STERNUM; and the COSTAL CARTILAGE. HN - 2017 MH - RNA Recognition Motif UI - D000071377 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.869.500 MS - An approximately 80 amino acid RNA binding motif that consists of four anti-parallel surface beta sheets and two alpha helices arranged in a beta-alpha-beta-beta-alpha-beta configuration. One of the surface beta sheets interacts with two or three specific RNA bases. Interactions between additional sequences and the RNA, as well as within the RNA recognition motif increase the affinity and specificity of the protein-RNA interaction. HN - 2017 FX - RNA Recognition Motif Proteins MH - RNA Splicing Factors UI - D000072260 MN - D12.776.157.725.829 MN - D12.776.664.962.829 MS - RNA-binding proteins that facilitate or inhibit RNA SPLICING. HN - 2017 FX - snRNP Core Proteins FX - Spliceosomes MH - RNA-Binding Motifs UI - D000071376 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.869 MS - Amino acid motifs that bind RNA. HN - 2017 MH - Rotator Cuff Injuries UI - D000070636 MN - C26.761.340 MN - C26.803.63 MN - C26.874.400 MS - Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint. HN - 2017 FX - Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy MH - Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy UI - D000070656 MN - C5.550.114.264.500 MN - C5.550.354.250 MS - Rapidly destructive shoulder joint and bone disease found mainly in elderly, and predominantly in women. It is characterized by SHOULDER PAIN; JOINT INSTABILITY; and the presence of crystalline CALCIUM PHOSPHATES in the SYNOVIAL FLUID. It is associated with ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES. HN - 2017 FX - Rotator Cuff Injuries MH - S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 UI - D000071999 MN - D12.776.157.125.750.813 MS - An S100 protein characterized by four helix bundles that form N- and C-terminal EF HAND MOTIFS. It functions as a homodimer and interacts with both intracellular and extracellular signaling proteins. Aberrant S100A4 activity is associated with NEOPLASM METASTASIS; FIBROSIS; and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. HN - 2017 MH - Saccharomyces boulardii UI - D000069983 MN - B1.300.107.795.785.400 MN - B1.300.930.705.328 MS - A species of Saccharomyces that is used as a PROBIOTIC, such as in the treatment of DIARRHEA and PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS ENTEROCOLITIS associated with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS. HN - 2017 MH - Salter-Harris Fractures UI - D000072042 MN - C5.116.359.336.875 MN - C26.289.336.875 MN - C26.404.26.500 MS - Fractures involving a GROWTH PLATE. HN - 2017 MH - School Teachers UI - D000070777 MN - M1.526.702.500 MS - Members of staff responsible for TEACHING students in a school from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. HN - 2017; use FACULTY 1979-2016 MH - SEC Translocation Channels UI - D000069816 MN - D5.500.890.625 MN - D12.776.157.530.875 MN - D12.776.543.585.875 MS - Multiprotein complexes found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes that form protein transport channels of the SEC pathway. HN - 2017 MH - Sentinel Lymph Node UI - D000071036 MN - A10.549.400.750 MN - A15.382.520.604.412.750 MS - First lymph node to receive drainage from the primary tumor. SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY is performed to determine early METASTASIS status because cancer cells may appear first in the sentinel node. HN - 2017 FX - Lymphatic Metastasis FX - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy MH - Sentinel Species UI - D000072739 MN - B5.698 MS - Organisms used to determine measurable environmental risks or hazards to human health and or well-being, thereby serving as advance or early warning signs of impending danger to humans. Examples of sentinel species are monkeys, guinea pigs, and the fabled canary in the coal mine. HN - 2017 FX - Environmental Exposure MH - Sequestosome-1 Protein UI - D000071456 MN - D12.644.360.24.329 MN - D12.776.94.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.160 MN - D12.776.476.24.422 MS - A multidomain protein that is highly conserved among multicellular organisms. It contains a ZZ-type ZINC FINGER domain, C-terminal UBIQUITIN - associated (UBA) domain, and interacts with many other signaling proteins and enzymes including, atypical PROTEIN KINASE C; TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 6; subunits of the mTORC1 complex, and CASPASE-8. It functions in AUTOPHAGY as a receptor for the degradation of ubiquitinated substrates, and to co-ordinate signaling in response to OXIDATIVE STRESS. HN - 2017 MH - Serrate-Jagged Proteins UI - D000072099 MN - D12.644.276.930 MN - D12.776.157.125.797 MN - D12.776.543.800 MN - D23.529.930 MS - Cell surface proteins that consist of multiple extracellular EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR - like repeat sequences (EGF repeats), including calcium-binding EGF repeats. They function as transmembrane ligands for NOTCH RECEPTORS to control CELL DIFFERENTIATION during development. HN - 2017 (1991) MH - Sexual Minorities UI - D000072339 MN - M1.777 MS - Individuals including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, gender non-conforming people, and other populations whose sexual orientation or GENDER IDENTITY and reproductive development is considered outside cultural, societal, or physiological norms. HN - 2017; for BISEXUALS see BISEXUALITY 1996-2016; for LESBIANS see HOMOSEXUALITY, FEMALE 1995-2016; for HOMOSEXUALS see HOMOSEXUALITY 1989-2016; for QUEERS see HOMOSEXALITY 2016-2017; for GAYS see HOMOSEXUALITY 1995-2016 BX - Gays MH - Shoulder Injuries UI - D000070599 MN - C26.803 MS - Injuries involving the SHOULDERS. HN - 2017 MH - Shoulder Prosthesis UI - D000072227 MN - E7.695.400.852 MS - Replacement for a SHOULDER JOINT. HN - 2017 FX - Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder MH - Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Associated Protein UI - D000071179 MN - D12.644.360.24.332 MN - D12.776.157.57.166 MN - D12.776.476.24.426 MS - A signal transducing adaptor protein that contains a single SH2 DOMAIN and is essential for the regulation of SLAM FAMILY RECEPTORS in the immune response. Mutations in the SLAM-associated protein gene have been identified in cases of X-LINKED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE. HN - 2017 MH - Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family UI - D000071176 MN - D12.776.395.550.736 MN - D12.776.543.550.746 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.970 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.915 MN - D23.101.100.110.935 MS - Type-I membrane glycoproteins that are expressed primarily on the surface of CD4 or CD8-positive T-CELLS; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and some populations of B CELLS. They are characterized by an N-terminal, extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN-LIKE DOMAIN and a membrane-proximal IMMUNOGLOBULIN C2-SET DOMAIN. SLAMF receptors typically signal through homophilic interactions and are important for mediating the immune response and immune cell differentiation. HN - 2017 MH - Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1 UI - D000071177 MN - D12.776.395.550.736.500 MN - D12.776.543.550.746.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.705.970.500 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.915.500 MN - D23.101.100.110.935.500 MS - A 70-kDa SLAM family receptor that consists of an extracellular IMMUNOGLOBULIN-LIKE DOMAIN and an IMMUNOGLOBULIN C2-SET DOMAIN. It is expressed primarily by THYMOCYTES and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES, as well as by MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS. It binds SLAMF1 receptors on other cells to mediate T-cell maturation and proliferation. It is also a receptor for the MEASLES VIRUS. HN - 2017 (1995) MH - Simplified Acute Physiology Score UI - D000072878 MN - E5.318.308.980.438.475.456.500.750 MN - L1.280.960.500.475.456.500.750 MN - N5.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500.750 MN - N6.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500.750 MS - A severity of disease classification system designed to measure the severity of disease for patients aged 15 and over admitted to intensive care units. HN - 2017 MH - Single Molecule Imaging UI - D000072760 MN - E1.370.350.515.899 MN - E1.370.350.557.750 MN - E5.595.899 MN - E5.601.555.500 MS - High resolution imaging techniques that allow visualization of individual molecules of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids within cells or tissues. HN - 2017 MH - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography UI - D000072098 MN - E1.370.350.350.800.800.750 MN - E1.370.350.350.810.723 MN - E1.370.350.567.750 MN - E1.370.350.600.350.700.810.645 MN - E1.370.350.600.350.800.800.500 MN - E1.370.350.700.700.810.723 MN - E1.370.350.700.810.810.762 MN - E1.370.350.710.800.800.750 MN - E1.370.350.825.800.800.750 MN - E1.370.350.825.810.810.750 MN - E1.370.384.730.800.800.750 MS - An imaging technique using a device which combines TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED, SINGLE-PHOTON and TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED in the same session. HN - 2017 MH - Single-Balloon Enteroscopy UI - D000071085 MN - E1.370.372.250.250.100.750 MN - E1.370.388.250.250.250.70.750 MN - E4.210.240.250.80.750 MN - E4.502.250.250.250.80.500 MS - A balloon-assisted enteroscopy utilizing a flexible endoscope with one overtube balloon control unit. HN - 2017 MH - Sleep Hygiene UI - D000070263 MN - F1.145.488.725 MN - F2.830.855.734 MS - Habits and practices conducive to getting the right amount and quality of sleep, and include responding to environmental factors that may influence one's sleep. HN - 2017 FX - Sleep Wake Disorders MH - Slit Lamp Microscopy UI - D000072776 MN - E1.370.380.727 MS - A procedure that uses a SLIT LAMP to examine structures in the front of the EYE, such as the CONJUNCTIVA; CORNEA; IRIS; and AQUEOUS HUMOR. HN - 2017 MH - Small Fiber Neuropathy UI - D000071075 MN - C10.668.829.860 MS - Disorder of the peripheral nerves that primarily impair small nerve fibers. The affected small nerve fibers include myelinated A-delta fibers (see A FIBERS) and unmyelinated C FIBERS. Because these small fibers innervate skin and help control autonomic function, their neuropathy presents with neuropathic pain, reduced thermal and pain sensitivity, and autonomic dysfunction (e.g. abnormal sweating or facial flushing). Small fiber neuropathy can be idiopathic or associated with underlying diseases (e.g., AMYLOIDOSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; SARCOIDOSIS; or VASCULITIS). HN - 2017; use ERYTHROMELALGIA 2014-2016 MH - Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans UI - D000071232 MN - D9.698.735.700 MN - D12.776.395.650.875 MN - D12.776.860.300.806 MS - A proteoglycan family (SLRPs) that is defined by a central domain which consists of a variable number of repeats of the motif LXXLxLXXNxL, where L may be LEUCINE; ISOLEUCINE; VALINE; or other hydrophobic amino acids. The N-terminal contains four conserved CYSTEINE residues and may be modified depending on function. SLRPs provide structural support to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and are critical for regulating its assembly and dynamics at CELL-MATRIX JUNCTIONS. HN - 2017 MH - SMARCB1 Protein UI - D000071796 MN - D12.776.260.716 MN - D12.776.660.235.650 MN - D12.776.664.235.900 MN - D12.776.930.809 MS - A component of the SWI-SNF CHROMATIN REMODELING complex that functions as a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulator and to stabilize CHROMATIN at PROMOTER REGIONS. It is important for regulating CELL PROLIFERATION and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Mutations in the SMARCB1 gene are associated with malignant RHABDOID TUMORS. HN - 2017 MH - Smoothened Receptor UI - D000072086 MN - D12.776.543.750.695.17.500 MN - D12.776.543.750.850.500.500 MS - A frizzled-like, G-protein-coupled receptor that associates with PATCHED RECEPTORS to transduce signals from HEDGEHOG PROTEINS and initiate hedgehog signaling to ZINC FINGER PROTEIN GLI1. It may normally inhibit signaling in the absence of SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN binding to PATCHED RECEPTOR-1. HN - 2017 MH - Snail Family Transcription Factors UI - D000071250 MN - D12.776.930.815 MS - A transcription factor family characterized by the presence of several C-terminal CYS2-HIS2 ZINC FINGERS. They function in many developmental processes including the induction of the EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; maintenance of embryonic MESODERM; growth arrest, CELL SURVIVAL; and CELL MIGRATION. HN - 2017 (1994) MH - Social Segregation UI - D000072699 MN - I1.880.735.820 MS - Barriers based on group membership. MH - Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase UI - D000071756 MN - D8.811.520.650.600.750 MN - D12.644.360.350.500 MN - D12.776.476.350.500 MS - A mammalian enzyme composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits. Each subunit consists of four domains; N-terminal HNOX domain, PAS-like domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. All four domains are homologous proteins with a similar conformation of functional domains. Soluble guanylate cyclase catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP from GTP, and is a key enzyme of the nitric oxide signaling pathway involved in the regulation of a variety of biological and physiological processes in mammals. HN - 2017 (2016) MH - Solute Carrier Proteins UI - D000070590 MN - D12.776.157.530.937 MN - D12.776.543.585.937 MS - A large diverse group of membrane transport proteins whose families are generally classified according to function. Most SLCs localize to the CELL MEMBRANE; however, some families such as SLC25, localize to MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES or other ORGANELLES. HN - 2017 MH - Splicing Factor U2AF UI - D000072668 MN - D12.776.157.725.829.750 MN - D12.776.664.962.829.750 MS - An RNA splicing factor that performs a critical function in both constitutive and enhancer-dependent RNA SPLICING. It recruits RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN, U2 SMALL NUCLEAR to the splice site and mediates interactions between it, the RNA molecule, and other splicing factors for accurate 3'-splice site selection. HN - 2017 (1993) MH - Spontaneous Perforation UI - D000072663 MN - C23.300.940 MS - A pathological hole in an organ, blood vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. AN - includes spontaneous perforation unexplained or as a result of disease; coordinate with organ/diseases term HN - 2017 MH - Sports and Recreational Facilities UI - D000072264 MN - J3.925 MS - Places designed, built, or installed for LEISURE ACTIVITIES outside of the home. HN - 2017 FX - Health Resorts MH - Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1 UI - D000071425 MN - D12.644.360.24.330.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.162.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.424.500 MS - An SHC-signaling adaptor protein that transduces PHOSPHOTYROSINE-dependent signals downstream of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. It is required for TGF-BETA-induced CELL MIGRATION; NEOLPASM INVASION; and METASTASIS of BREAST NEOPLASMS; its SH2 DOMAIN is essential for tumor survival. It also functions in signaling downstream of ANGIOPOIETIN RECEPTOR TIE-2, regulating the migration of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and PHYSIOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. HN - 2017; use SHC SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS 2009-2016 MH - Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 2 UI - D000071426 MN - D12.644.360.24.330.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.162.750 MN - D12.776.476.24.424.750 MS - An SHC-signaling adaptor protein that links GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS to SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS in neurons. HN - 2017; use SHC SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS 2009-2016 MH - Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 3 UI - D000071427 MN - D12.644.360.24.330.875 MN - D12.776.157.57.162.875 MN - D12.776.476.24.424.875 MS - An SHC-signaling adaptor protein that links GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS to SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS in neurons, including NEUROTROPHINS signaling in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. HN - 2017; use SHC SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS 2009-2016 MH - ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction UI - D000072657 MN - C14.280.647.500.875 MN - C14.907.585.500.875 MS - A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). HN - 2017 MH - Staghorn Calculi UI - D000069856 MN - C12.777.419.600.500.500 MN - C12.777.967.249.500.500 MN - C12.777.967.500.503.500 MN - C13.351.968.419.600.500.500 MN - C13.351.968.967.249.500.500 MN - C13.351.968.967.500.503.500 MN - C23.300.175.850.550.500 MS - Renal calculi with a characteristic shape like antlers of a deer, formed as it extends into multiple calices of the RENAL PELVIS. A large number of staghorn calculi as well as other URINARY CALCULI are composed of STRUVITE. HN - 2017 FX - Struvite MH - Stair Climbing UI - D000072799 MN - G11.427.410.568.900.875 MN - G11.427.410.698.277.937.500 MN - I3.350.937.500 MS - Ascending or descending stairs. HN - 2017; for STAIR NAVIGATION use GAIT 2013-2016 MH - Standardized Nursing Terminology UI - D000072917 MN - L1.143.506.598.400.889 MN - L1.453.245.945.600 MS - Standardized terms used in the nursing field (e.g., NURSING INFORMATICS). HN - 2017 MH - Standing Orders UI - D000071065 MN - E2.183.875 MN - N5.715.360.775.225.750 MS - Medical procedures and prescriptions regarding treatment of a patient that can be exercised by other health care personnel when predetermined conditions have been met. HN - 2017 MH - Stenosis, Pulmonary Artery UI - D000071079 MN - C14.907.137.825 MS - Narrowing of the PULMONARY ARTERIES. HN - 2017 MH - Stenosis, Pulmonary Vein UI - D000071078 MN - C14.907.798 MS - Narrowing of the PULMONARY VEIN. HN - 2017 MH - Sterile Alpha Motif UI - D000071682 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.898 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.813 MS - A putative protein interaction module, approximately 70 amino acids long, that forms a small five-helix bundle with two large interfaces which may homo- and hetero-oligomerize, or bind non-sterile-alpha motif targets. The sterile alpha motif is present in a wide variety of eukaryotic proteins that function in diverse biological processes. HN - 2017 MH - Strategic Planning UI - D000070318 MN - N4.452.718.500 MS - A rigorous and systematic process which entails defining plans, decisions, and sequence of steps to be taken in the future. HN - 2017 MH - Streptococcus gallolyticus UI - D000070099 MN - B3.353.750.737.872.243 MN - B3.510.400.800.872.243 MN - B3.510.550.737.872.243 MS - A species of Streptococcus that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of birds, mammals and healthy humans. HN - 2017 MH - Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus UI - D000070197 MN - B3.353.750.737.872.243.500 MN - B3.510.400.800.872.243.500 MN - B3.510.550.737.872.243.500 MS - A subspecies of Streptococcus gallolyticus. It and other subspecies have been reported to cause infections resulting in BACTEREMIA; ENDOCARDITIS; and neonatal MENINGITIS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Streptococcus iniae UI - D000070058 MN - B3.353.750.737.872.405 MN - B3.510.400.800.872.405 MN - B3.510.550.737.872.405 MS - A species of Streptococcus that is pathogenic in fish and may also cause disease in humans who routinely handle infected fish. Those who are of Asian descent, elderly, or have chronic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE; or LIVER CIRRHOSIS are more susceptible to Streptococcus iniae infections. AN - infection: coordinate IM with STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Streptococcus salivarius UI - D000070001 MN - B3.353.750.737.872.663 MN - B3.510.400.800.872.663 MN - B3.510.550.737.872.663 MS - A species of Streptococcus that occurs in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. It is a constituent of DENTAL PLAQUE and some strains may be pathogenic if they enter the bloodstream. However, other strains such as Streptococcus salivarius K12 produce BACTERIOCINS and are used as PROBIOTICS. HN - 2017 MH - Stroke Rehabilitation UI - D000071939 MN - E2.760.169.63.500.477.500 MN - E2.831.477.500 MN - H2.403.680.600.750.500 MN - N2.421.784.511.500 MS - Restoration of functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from a stroke. HN - 2017 MH - Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 UI - D000071737 MN - D12.776.157.125.806.500 MN - D12.776.543.875.500 MS - A stromal interaction molecule that functions in the regulation of calcium influx following depletion of intracellular calcium in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. It translocates to the plasma membrane upon calcium depletion where it activates the CALCIUM RELEASE ACTIVATED CALCIUM CHANNEL ORAI1. HN - 2017 MH - Stromal Interaction Molecule 2 UI - D000071738 MN - D12.776.157.125.806.750 MN - D12.776.543.875.750 MS - A stromal interaction molecule that functions as a highly sensitive calcium sensor in the ENDOPLAMSIC RETICULUM and CYTOSOL. It can regulate CALCIUM RELEASE ACTIVATED CALCIUM CHANNELS in response to minor variations in intracellular calcium. HN - 2017 MH - Stromal Interaction Molecules UI - D000071736 MN - D12.776.157.125.806 MN - D12.776.543.875 MS - Membrane-associated calcium-binding proteins that are characterized by N-terminal EF HAND MOTIFS and a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF. They function as sensors of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM calcium levels and translocate from the ER to the plasma membrane to activate CALCIUM CHANNELS in response to intracellular calcium depletion. HN - 2017 MH - Struvite UI - D000069877 MN - D1.29.260.700.675.374.887 MN - D1.524.775 MN - D1.695.625.675.650.887 MS - The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes. HN - 2017 (1974) FX - Staghorn Calculi MH - Student Run Clinic UI - D000070319 MN - N2.278.912 MS - Healthcare setting managed by medical personnel in training. HN - 2017 MH - Study Guide UI - D000072643 MN - V2.928 MS - Tool used to help facilitate learning and comprehension of a topic or to help prepare for an examination. AN - This heading is used as a Publication Type. Study guides as a subject are indexed under the main heading STUDY GUIDE AS TOPIC. INDEXER: Do not use HN - 2017 MH - Study Guide as Topic UI - D000072644 MN - I2.903.923 MS - Works about use of aids to help facilitate learning and comprehension of a topic or to help prepare for an examination. AN - do not confuse with Publication Type STUDY GUIDE HN - 2017 MH - Superconductivity UI - D000072176 MN - G1.358.500.875 MS - The ability of an element or metallic alloy to allow the passage of ELECTRONS without ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE and expel MAGNETIC FIELDS below a certain threshold temperature called superconducting transition temperature. HN - 2017 MH - Superoxide Dismutase-1 UI - D000072105 MN - D8.811.682.881.500 MS - A superoxide dismutase (SOD1) that requires copper and zinc ions for its activity to destroy SUPEROXIDE FREE RADICALS within the CYTOPLASM. Mutations in the SOD1 gene are associated with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS-1. HN - 2017 (1998); for CU-ZN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, use SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 1983-2016 BX - Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase MH - Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein UI - D000071222 MN - D12.644.360.24.374.500 MN - D12.776.157.57.249.500 MN - D12.776.476.24.437.500 MS - A suppressor of cytokine signaling protein that consists of an N-terminal kinase-inhibitory region, a central SH2 DOMAIN, a characteristic C-terminal SOCS box (a 40-amino acid motif, which functions to recruit E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE COMPLEXES). SOCS1 functions as a negative regulator of CYTOKINES that signal through the JANUS KINASES-STAT 3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (JAK/STAT3) pathway by inhibiting the activity of JANUS KINASES. HN - 2017 MH - Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein UI - D000071223 MN - D12.644.360.24.374.750 MN - D12.776.157.57.249.750 MN - D12.776.476.24.437.750 MS - A suppressor of cytokine signaling protein that consists of an N-terminal kinase-inhibitory region, a central SH2 DOMAIN, a characteristic C-terminal SOCS box (a 40-amino acid motif, which functions to recruit E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE COMPLEXES). SOCS3 inhibits cytokine signaling by binding to RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES as well as CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130; ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTORS; INSULIN RECEPTOR; and the LEPTIN RECEPTOR. Its functions include suppression of ERYTHROPOIESIS in the fetal liver. HN - 2017 MH - Surgical Oncology UI - D000071077 MN - H2.403.429.515.750 MN - H2.403.810.796 MS - A surgical specialty concerned with management of cancer. HN - 2017 MH - Surgical Wound UI - D000072836 MN - C26.859 MS - An incision made during a surgical procedure. HN - 2017 MH - Sustained Virologic Response UI - D000072230 MN - E1.789.800.570 MN - N4.761.559.590.800.665 MN - N5.715.360.575.575.800.665 MS - The continuous, long-term suppression of VIRAL LOAD, generally to undetectable levels, as the result of treatment with ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. HN - 2017 MH - Sutureless Surgical Procedures UI - D000071062 MN - E4.987.887 MS - Surgical techniques in which SUTURES are not applied to surgical wounds. HN - 2017 FX - Tissue Adhesives MH - Syk Kinase UI - D000072377 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.725.650 MN - D12.644.360.900 MN - D12.776.476.913 MS - An SH2 domain-containing non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates signal transduction downstream of a variety of receptors including B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. It functions in both INNATE IMMUNITY and ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY and also mediates signaling in CELL ADHESION; OSTEOGENESIS; PLATELET ACTIVATION; and vascular development. HN - 2017 (1992) FX - src Homology Domains MH - Synoviocytes UI - D000070918 MN - A11.329.835 MS - Cells on the luminal surface of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. Type A synoviocytes are MACROPHAGES responsible for waste removal from the joint cavity. Fibroblast-like type B synoviocytes are involved in production of joint matrix constituents (e.g., HYALURONAN; COLLAGEN; and FIBRONECTIN). MH - Synthetic Lethal Mutations UI - D000072020 MN - G5.365.590.917 MS - Mutations in genes which lead to cell or organism death when occurring in combination with mutations in one or more other genes. HN - 2017 FX - Genes, Lethal MH - Talipes UI - D000070558 MN - C5.330.488.655 MN - C5.330.495.681 MN - C5.660.585.512.380.813 MN - C16.131.621.585.512.500.681 MS - Deformity in which the foot is misaligned with respect to the TALUS in the ANKLE JOINT. While mostly congenital, as in CLUBFOOT, acquired deformities are included. Acquired talipedes are often associated with other foot deformities such as SYNDACTYLY and POLYDACTYLY. HN - 2017; for TALIPES use CLUBFOOT 2010-2016 MH - Talipes Cavus UI - D000070589 MN - C5.330.488.655.500 MN - C5.330.495.681.500 MN - C5.660.585.512.380.813.500 MN - C16.131.621.585.512.500.681.500 MS - A foot deformity in which the arch of the foot is high and often the heel adducted. HN - 2017; use FOOT DEFORMITIES 1987-2016 BX - Cavus Deformity BX - Pes Cavus MH - Tannerella forsythia UI - D000070436 MN - B3.140.900 MS - A periodontal pathogen which is a gram-negative member of BACTEROIDETES. It is implicated in PERIODONTITIS. AN - infection: coordinate IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM) HN - 2017 MH - Tardive Dyskinesia UI - D000071057 MN - C10.228.662.262.500.500 MN - C10.597.350.275.500 MN - C23.888.592.350.275.500 MS - Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE). HN - 2017; use MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2010-2016 MH - Tarsal Coalition UI - D000070604 MN - C5.116.99.370.894.909 MN - C5.330.495.787 MN - C5.660.585.512.380.875 MN - C5.660.906.909 MN - C16.131.621.585.512.500.787 MN - C16.131.621.906.909 MS - Congenital, complete or partial fusion of the TARSAL BONES of the foot. PES PLANUS is usually a feature. HN - 2017 MH - Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase UI - D000071681 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.25.500 MN - D8.811.277.352.650.625.862 MS - One of several acid phosphatases in humans, other mammals, plants, and a few prokaryotes. The protein fold of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) resembles that of the catalytic domain of plant purple acid phosphatase and other serine/threonine-protein phosphatases that also contain a metallophosphoesterase domain. One gene produces the various forms which include purple acid phosphatases from spleen and other tissues. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is a biomarker for pathological states in which it is over-expressed. Such conditions include GAUCHER DISEASE; HODGKIN DISEASE; BONE RESORPTION; and NEOPLASM METASTASIS. HN - 2017 (1995) MH - Taxis Response UI - D000071442 MN - F1.145.113.780 MN - F1.145.875.439.500 MN - G7.568.500.590 MN - G11.427.410.568.850 MS - A behavior in free-moving organism that results in motion or orientation toward or away from an external stimulus. HN - 2017 MH - Teacher Training UI - D000070260 MN - I2.358.984 MS - A curriculum-centered process of equipping individuals with professional knowledge and skills required to become effective teachers. HN - 2017 MH - Tenocytes UI - D000070916 MN - A11.329.840 MS - Elongated FIBROBLASTS and fibrocytes that lie between the collagen fibers and form the TENDON proper. HN - 2017 MH - Tensins UI - D000070876 MN - D5.750.78.730.719 MN - D12.776.220.525.719 MS - A family of multidomain microfilament proteins that bind ACTIN FILAMENTS and INTEGRINS at FOCAL ADHESIONS. They generally consist of an N-terminal domain with homology to PHOSPHOTYROSINE PHOSPHATASE, a C2 DOMAIN; unique central regions rich in PROLINE; ALANINE; GLYCINE; and SERINE; an SH2 DOMAIN; and a C-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding region. They are involved in CELL MIGRATION; CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and reorganization of the CYTOSKELETON. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - Teratozoospermia UI - D000072660 MN - C12.294.365.700.877 MS - Conditions in which sperm show abnormal morphology. HN - 2017 MH - Tertiary Lymphoid Structures UI - D000072717 MN - A10.549.725 MN - A15.382.520.604.725 MN - C23.300.955 MS - Aggregates of immune cells formed near the sites of chronically inflamed, infected, or tumorous tissues. HN - 2017 MH - Thermotolerance UI - D000071436 MN - G7.25.133.500 MN - G16.12.500.133.500 MS - The ability of an organism to reduce susceptibility to heat shock, and adapt to HOT TEMPERATURE. HN - 2017 FX - Heat-Shock Response MH - Thyroid Epithelial Cells UI - D000072637 MN - A11.436.911 MS - Epithelial cells of the THYROID GLAND that produce and secrete THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE. HN - 2017 MH - Tibial Meniscus Injuries UI - D000070600 MN - C26.558.781 MS - Injuries to the TIBIAL MENISCUS of the leg. HN - 2017 MH - Traditional Pulse Diagnosis UI - D000071061 MN - E1.370.503 MS - Technique used in AYURVEDIC MEDICINE, and EAST ASIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, in which reading PULSE is used in the diagnosis of diseases. HN - 2017 FX - Medicine, Traditional FX - Pulse MH - Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases UI - D000069896 MN - D8.811.277.352.335.350.850 MS - Artificial nucleases that cleave DNA at a defined distance from specific DNA sequences recognized by TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR-LIKE EFFECTORS. They are composed of an endodeoxyribonuclease fused to DNA-binding domains of the transcription activator-like effectors. HN - 2017 MH - Transcription Activator-Like Effectors UI - D000071336 MN - D12.776.97.890 MN - D12.776.260.755.700 MN - D12.776.930.900.550 MN - D23.946.896.490 MS - Virulence factors of pathogenic plant bacteria, such as XANTHOMONAS species, that bind to specific sequences in the PROMOTER REGIONS of host DNA to induce transcription of specific host genes. Variations in the DNA binding domain of TALE family members account for the variations in DNA specificity. The TALE DNA-binding domains are used in various GENETIC TECHNIQUES by fusing them with various DNA modifying enzymes to detect and manipulate sequence-specific targeted DNA sites. HN - 2017 MH - Transcription Factor HES-1 UI - D000072056 MN - D12.776.260.103.844 MN - D12.776.930.125.844 MS - A basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that functions as a transcriptional repressor for genes transcribed by bHLH proteins. For example, it may negatively regulate MYOGENESIS by inhibiting MyoD1 and ASH1 proteins. It is also required for the stability of FANCONI ANEMIA COMPLEMENTATION GROUP PROTEINS and their localization to the cell nucleus in response to DNA DAMAGE. HN - 2017 MH - Transcriptional Regulator ERG UI - D000071230 MN - D12.776.260.755.100 MN - D12.776.930.900.625 MS - A trans-activator and member of the erythroblast transformation-specific family of transcriptions factors that contain a characteristic ETS MOTIF. It is required for PLATELET CELL ADHESION to the subendothelium and associates with CHIMERIC ONCOGENE PROTEINS in PROSTATE CANCER; EWING'S SARCOMA; and ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. HN - 2017 MH - Transportation Facilities UI - D000072436 MN - J3.970 MS - Places such as AIRPORTS, bus stations, and train stations that are used for managing arriving and departing transport vehicles, and included facilities for handling passengers. HN - 2017 MH - Trefoil Factor-1 UI - D000071163 MN - D12.644.937.500 MS - A 60 amino acid (6.5 kDa) trefoil factor that contains a single trefoil domain. It is expressed primarily by surface EPITHELIAL CELLS of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, where it associates with MUCIN 5AC. HN - 2017 MH - Trefoil Factor-2 UI - D000071164 MN - D12.644.937.750 MS - A 106 amino acid (12 kDa) trefoil factor that contains two trefoil domains and associates with MUCIN-6. It is expressed in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT by cells of BRUNNER GLANDS; PYLORIC GLANDS and mucous neck cells. It inhibits GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY and GASTRIC ACID secretion and may help maintain the structural integrity of gastric mucus. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - Trefoil Factor-3 UI - D000071165 MN - D12.644.937.875 MS - A 59 amino acid (6.6 kDa) trefoil factor that contains a single trefoil domain. It is expressed in all tissues with MUCOUS MEMBRANES, including GOBLET CELLS of the SMALL INTESTINE and LARGE INTESTINE. It associates with MUCIN-2 in the small intestine and may regulate epithelial CELL MIGRATION and WOUND HEALING. HN - 2017 (1992) MH - Trefoil Factors UI - D000071162 MN - D12.644.937 MS - A family of small peptides expressed primarily by MUCOUS MEMBRANE EPITHELIAL CELLS in vertebrates. Their structure is highly conserved and is defined by a three-leaved (trefoil) domain of 42 or 43 amino acids; it includes six cysteines that create the trefoil structure through disulfide bridges. Trefoil peptides may form dimers with each other, or associate with MUCINS and other factors. They are important for maintaining epithelial integrity and for protection from noxious agents. HN - 2017 MH - Trichodesmium UI - D000072359 MN - B3.280.875 MN - B3.440.475.100.875 MN - B3.585.950 MS - A nitrogen-fixing genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that occurs in tropical and subtropical oceans. HN - 2017 FX - Nitrogen Fixation MH - Tripartite Motif Proteins UI - D000070584 MN - D12.776.934 MS - A protein family defined by the presence of three ZINC FINGER domains, one of which is a RING FINGER DOMAIN, a coiled-coil region, and a highly variable C-terminal region. They function in many cellular processes including APOPTOSIS and CELL CYCLE regulation. HN - 2017 MH - Tudor Domain UI - D000071856 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.844 MS - A conserved, approximately 50 amino acid, protein sequence that adopts a characteristic strongly bent, five stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet barrel-like fold. The Tudor domain recognizes dimethylated ARGININE through its negatively-charged surface and occurs in many proteins that co-localize with RNA; RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS or SINGLE-STRANDED DNA complexes in the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; or KINETOCHORES. HN - 2017 MH - Tumor Hypoxia UI - D000072258 MN - G3.197.300.500 MN - G4.270.300.500 MS - Hypoxic conditions in tumor cells due to the tumor outgrowing its blood supply. It is associated with increased METASTASIS and resistance to RADIOTHERAPY and DRUG THERAPY. HN - 2017 MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3 UI - D000072598 MN - D8.811.37.750.500 MN - D8.811.277.656.300.887.750 MN - D8.811.464.938.750.813 MN - D12.644.360.950 MN - D12.776.476.938 MS - A UBIQUITIN editing enzyme that functions as both a ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase. It contains several ZINC FINGERS and functions in the immune response and INFLAMMATION by modulating signals from TNF-ALPHA; IL1-BETA; or pathogens via TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS to terminate NF-KAPPA B activity. HN - 2017 MH - Tumor Protein p73 UI - D000072160 MN - D12.776.260.885 MN - D12.776.624.776.820 MN - D12.776.660.912 MN - D12.776.930.969 MS - A homolog of p53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN that encodes full-length trans-activating and N-terminally-truncated (DeltaN) isoforms. Detection of splice variants and isoforms in the nervous system (human TELENCEPHALON, CHOROID PLEXUS; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID), embryonic tissue, human BREAST CANCER; OVARIAN CANCER, suggest roles in cellular differentiation. HN - 2017 (1997) MH - Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1 UI - D000071857 MN - D12.776.260.805 MN - D12.776.660.235.850 MN - D12.776.664.235.950 MS - A nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that associates with KINETOCHORES and contains a C-terminal TUDOR DOMAIN. It plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA DAMAGE and localizes to DOUBLE-STRAND DNA BREAKS. It may also function in M PHASE CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS and as an enhancer of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-mediated transcriptional activation. HN - 2017 MH - Twist Transcription Factors UI - D000071416 MN - D12.776.260.103.906 MN - D12.776.930.125.906 MS - A highly-conserved family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. They function as dimers with other bHLH proteins and bind E-BOX ELEMENTS to control gene expression during EMBRYOGENESIS and the EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION. HN - 2017 MH - Twist-Related Protein 2 UI - D000071417 MN - D12.776.260.103.906.500 MN - D12.776.930.125.906.500 MS - A twist family transcription factor that is expressed in MESODERM as well as the DERMIS during mammalian EMBRYOGENESIS. It is structurally and functionally similar to TWIST-RELATED PROTEIN 1; it also regulates OSTEOGENESIS and the expression of CYTOKINES in response to INFLAMMATION. HN - 2017 MH - Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction UI - D000070638 MN - E2.718.750 MN - E4.555.860 MN - E4.680.900 MS - Surgical reconstruction of injured or insufficient ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT in the ELBOW JOINT. HN - 2017 MH - Ultradian Rhythm UI - D000071218 MN - G7.180.562.797 MS - A biological rhythm with a period shorter than 24 hours. HN - 2017; for ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS use CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 2016; for ULTRADIAN CYCLES use ACTIVITY CYCLES 1985-2016 BX - Ultradian Cycles MH - Uncoupling Protein 1 UI - D000071256 MN - D12.776.157.530.937.598.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.475.688.500 MN - D12.776.543.585.937.696.500 MN - D12.776.575.750.688.500 MS - A mitochondrial uncoupling protein that is expressed in BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is critical for NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS to prevent heat loss in NEONATES. HN - 2017 (1983) MH - Uncoupling Protein 2 UI - D000071246 MN - D12.776.157.530.937.598.750 MN - D12.776.543.585.475.688.750 MN - D12.776.543.585.937.696.750 MN - D12.776.575.750.688.750 MS - A mitochondrial uncoupling protein that is expressed in many tissues and exhibits the greatest expression in SKELETAL MUSCLE. It regulates mitochondrial ATP production and the generation of REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. HN - 2017 (1997) MH - Uncoupling Protein 3 UI - D000071247 MN - D12.776.157.530.937.598.875 MN - D12.776.543.585.475.688.875 MN - D12.776.543.585.937.696.875 MN - D12.776.575.750.688.875 MS - A mitochondrial uncoupling protein that is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle tissues. It functions to regulate tissue respiration, energy balance, and THERMOGENESIS. Mutations in the UCP3 gene are associated with OBESITY. HN - 2017 (1997) MH - Urologists UI - D000072178 MN - M1.526.485.810.955 MN - N2.360.810.955 MS - Physicians specializing in the diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male. HN - 2017 MH - Vaccination Refusal UI - D000072758 MN - F1.145.488.800.500 MN - I1.880.604.473.650.968.500 MN - N3.706.437.650.875.500 MN - N5.300.150.600.800.500 MS - Refusal to receive VACCINATION. HN - 2017 FX - Anti-Vaccination Movement MH - Value-Based Insurance UI - D000070376 MN - N3.219.521.576.343.972 MN - N4.761.744.750 MS - Approach to improve the quality of care by selectively encouraging or discouraging the use of specific health care services, based on their potential benefit to patients' health, relative to their cost. One element is lowering beneficiary cost sharing or out-of-pocket spending to increase medication adherence. HN - 2017 MH - Vaping UI - D000072137 MN - F1.145.488.750.850 MN - F1.145.979 MS - The act of inhaling and exhaling vapors produced from ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES. HN - 2017 FX - Electronic Cigarettes FX - Smoking MH - Vigna UI - D000070658 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.401.976 MS - Plant genus in the pea family (Fabaceae). HN - 2017 MH - Virophages UI - D000071819 MN - B4.280.950 MS - Circular, double-stranded DNA viruses that invade giant DNA viruses (GIANT VIRUSES) which infect eukaryotes. HN - 2017 FX - Plasmids FX - Satellite Viruses MH - Walk Test UI - D000070857 MN - E1.370.370.380.250.500 MS - A measure of endurance tests that show how far and fast an individual can walk without stopping within a certain period of time. HN - 2017 MH - Walking Speed UI - D000072797 MN - E1.370.600.250.500 MN - G11.427.410.568.900.750.500 MS - The rate at which steps are made while walking. HN - 2017 MH - WD40 Repeats UI - D000071678 MN - G2.111.570.60.720.515 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.500.927 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.875 MN - G2.111.570.820.709.275.875.515 MS - Protein interaction motifs of approximately 40 amino acids that usually terminate in TRYPTOPHAN and ASPARTIC ACID. They form characteristic beta-propeller structures and occur in many eukaryotic proteins that function in a variety of cellular processes. Proteins that contain WD40 repeats often function as assembly platforms for MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES. HN - 2017 MH - Werner Syndrome Helicase UI - D000071657 MN - D8.811.277.40.25.159.249.500 MN - D8.811.277.352.335.375.875 MN - D8.811.277.352.365.290.500 MN - D8.811.399.340.249.500 MS - A DNA-dependent helicase and 3'-5' exonuclease. It has 3'->5' exonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA with a 5'-overhang and binds preferentially to DNA substrates containing alternate secondary structures, such as replication forks and HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS. Mutations in the WRN gene are associated with WERNER SYNDROME. HN - 2017 MH - Wnt-5a Protein UI - D000071818 MN - D12.776.467.984.50 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.962 MN - D23.529.984.50 MS - A Wnt protein and ligand for FRIZZLED RECEPTORS that may function as an inhibitor or activator of the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY. For example, it activates signaling in the presence of Frizzled-4 but is inhibitory when coupled with ROR2 TYROSINE KINASE. It is required for axis formation during EMBRYOGENESIS and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cancer cells. HN - 2017 MH - Wolfiporia UI - D000070660 MN - B1.300.179.120.760.845 MS - A genus of wood-decaying, edible fungi in the Polyporaceae family. Its type species is Wolfiporia extensa. HN - 2017 MH - Work-Life Balance UI - D000072358 MN - I1.940 MN - I3.946.950 MS - The optimal arrangement of an individual’s on-the-job and private time to facilitate health and personal satisfaction without negatively impacting productivity and professional success. HN - 2017 MH - X-Box Binding Protein 1 UI - D000071717 MN - D12.776.260.108.937 MN - D12.776.930.127.937 MS - A basic leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates expression of MHC CLASS II GENES through its binding to a conserved X-box DNA sequence in the promoter region. It regulates the expression of genes involved in the UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE. HN - 2017; use REGULATORY FACTOR X TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (NM) 1988-2016 MH - Xanthorrhoeaceae UI - D000070380 MN - B1.650.940.800.575.100.99.970 MS - A family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. HN - 2017; for PHORIUM use ASPARAGACEAE 2003-2016; for ASPHODELACEAE use LLILIACEAE 2007-2016; for BULBINE use LILIACEAE 2003-2016 BX - Bulbine BX - Flax, New Zealand BX - Phormium MH - Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1 UI - D000071799 MN - D12.776.260.400.906 MN - D12.776.260.703.800 MN - D12.776.930.780.945 MS - A transcription factor characterized by N-terminal and C-terminal CYS2-HIS2 ZINC FINGERS separated by a homeobox. It represses the expression of E-CADHERIN to induce the EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION. It also represses PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-6; regulates the cell type-specific expression of SODIUM-POTASSIUM-EXCHANGING ATPASE; and promotes neuronal differentiation. HN - 2017 MH - Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 UI - D000071676 MN - D12.776.260.755.850 MN - D12.776.624.664.700.989 MN - D12.776.930.900.700 MS - A transcriptional activator and oncogene protein that contains two CYS2-HIS2 ZINC FINGERS. Two isoforms are expressed; both regulate the expression of specific genes during development of craniofacial features, digits, the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. They also regulate SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN signaling and cell proliferation. HN - 2017 (1993) MH - Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins UI - D000072216 MN - D12.776.290.906 MN - D12.776.395.550.995 MN - D12.776.543.550.995 MN - D12.776.543.750.981 MS - Membrane glycoproteins that constitute the ZONA PELLUCIDA in mammals and function in the recognition and binding of SPERMATOZOA. HN - 2017 (1981)